Information Security System Based on English and Myanmar Text Steganography

Due to the growth in frequent exchange of digital data over public channel, information security plays an important role in daily part of communication. Hence, various techniques like steganography are applied in information security area for more efficient information security system. This paper proposes two new text steganographic approaches using two different languages which are based on Unicode standard for secure data transfer over the public channel. The main aim is to overcome the limited embedding capacity, suspiciousness, and data damaging effect due to modification of existing steganographic approaches. The first approach conceals a message, without degrading the cover, by using four specific characters of words of the English cover text. The second approach performs message hiding by using the three specific groups of characters of combined words in Myanmar cover text while maintaining the content of the cover. The structure and operation of the proposed approaches based on the idea of existing text steganographic technique: Hiding Data in Paragraph (HDPara) algorithm. In this work, an empirical comparison of the proposed approaches with HDPara approach is presented. According to the comparison results, the proposed approaches outperform the existing HDPara approach in terms of embedding capacity.

An Information Security System Based on Optimized Pixel Mapping Method

In the field of communication system and internet, the information security is playing a crucial role. At the present time, communication through Internet is becoming popular and it should be accurate and secure. To make it reality, cryptography is very useful tool to protect the content of confidential data in many research areas. Another one, steganography is also commonly used to hide the existence of data into cover media known as text, image, audio and video. In this work, it is considered that the two most popular techniques (Cryptography and Steganography) should be combined to develop the strong and robust security system. At first, confidentiality and message authentication requirements are fulfilled with the help of Byte-Rotation Encryption Algorithm (BREA) and Secure Hash Algorithm-512(SHA-512). On the other hand, a new data hiding approach based on the optimization of Pixel Mapping Method (OPMM) also provides the system the higher embedding capacity with minimum degradation of stego image quality. To analyze the performance of the proposed OPMM, the comparison is also presented in terms of embedding capacity and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values

Clinical importance of the Mandalay spitting cobra (Naja mandalayensis) in Upper Myanmar – Bites, envenoming and ophthalmia

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Toxicon on 03/06/2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.05.023 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Examination of 18 cobras brought to three hospitals in the Mandalay Region by patients bitten or spat at by them distinguished 3 monocled cobras (Naja kaouthia) and 15 Mandalay spitting cobras (N. mandalayensis), based on their morphological characteristics. We confirm and extend the known distributions and habitats of both N. mandalayensis and N. kaouthia in Upper Myanmar. Clinical symptoms of local and systemic envenoming by N. mandalayensis are described for the first time. These included local swelling, blistering and necrosis and life-threatening systemic neurotoxicity. More information is needed about the clinical phenotype and management of bites by N. mandalayensis, the commoner of the two cobras in Upper Myanmar. Since the current cobra antivenom manufactured in Myanmar has lower pre-clinical efficacy against N. mandalayensis than N. kaouthia, there is a need for more specific antivenom therapy.Published versio

Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia was established as a consequence of the third amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia, which was ratified by the People’s consultative Assembly on 9 November 2001. The Constitutional Court is a product of reform, especially in the institutional aspects of state in Indonesia. The existence of this institution has resulted in a new freshness in the political, democratic, and national life of Indonesia. The existence of the Constitutional Court serves as a fresh wind for each citizen, especially in protecting their basic rights against every action taken by the state that they deem to be inconsistent with the Constitution. The Constitutional Court is a court of first and final instance in that justices have the authority to hold trials at both the first instance and appellate stages. The final decisions issued by the Court are deemed to be binding and may pertain to the following: (1) the constitutional validity of Acts; (2) disputes between state institutions; (3) the dissolution of political parties; (4) disputes related to the results of general elections; and (5) allegations of treason, corruption, bribery, and other serious criminal offences against the President and Vice-President. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze and statutes of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

An Information Security System Based on Optimized Pixel Mapping Method

In&nbsp; the&nbsp; field&nbsp; of&nbsp; communication&nbsp; system&nbsp; and&nbsp; internet,&nbsp; the&nbsp; information&nbsp; security&nbsp; is&nbsp; playing&nbsp; a&nbsp; crucial&nbsp; role.&nbsp; At&nbsp; the present time, communication through Internet is becoming popular and it&nbsp; should be accurate and secure. To make&nbsp; it reality, cryptography is very&nbsp; useful tool to protect the content of confidential&nbsp; data in&nbsp; many research areas. Another one, steganography is also commonly used to hide the existence of data into cover media known as&nbsp; text,&nbsp; image,&nbsp; audio&nbsp; and&nbsp; video.&nbsp; In&nbsp; this&nbsp; work,&nbsp; it&nbsp; is&nbsp; considered&nbsp; that&nbsp; the&nbsp; two&nbsp; most&nbsp; popular&nbsp; techniques (Cryptography and Steganography) should be combined to develop the strong and robust security system. At first,&nbsp; confidentiality&nbsp; and&nbsp; message&nbsp; authentication&nbsp; requirements&nbsp; are&nbsp; fulfilled&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; help&nbsp; of&nbsp; Byte-Rotation Encryption&nbsp; Algorithm&nbsp; (BREA)&nbsp; and&nbsp; Secure&nbsp; Hash&nbsp; Algorithm-512(SHA-512).&nbsp; On&nbsp; the&nbsp; other&nbsp; hand,&nbsp; a&nbsp; new&nbsp; data hiding approach based on the optimization of Pixel Mapping Method (OPMM) also provides the&nbsp; system the higher embedding capacity with minimum degradation of stego image quality. To analyze the performance of the proposed OPMM, the comparison is also presented in terms of embedding capacity and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values.</p

Estimation of Strong Ground Motion Parameters in Amarapura Township, Mandalay Region

Amarapura Township, Mandalay Region is located very closed to the most active dextral Sagaing Fault in Myanmar. In the historical record, several earthquakes happened in and around Mandalay, Amarapura, Innwa, Sagaing region from the beginning of the year of 1400. Even a moderately strong earthquake may cause great loss of lives and property damage. An evaluation of the seismic risk of urban areas cannot neglect the variability of the ground vibration due to site amplification and the induced effects, such as soil liquefaction etc. We conducted 21-sites of microtremor measurement to gain a representative determination of the underground structures and predominant frequency in Amarapura Township. These parameters are required for seismic resistant design of structures. The very highest potential zone of seismic hazard mainly locates the western marginal part of Amarapura Township, in the proximal portion to the dextral Sagaing Fault

Twelve month prospective study of snakebite in a major teaching hospital in Mandalay, Myanmar; Myanmar Snakebite Project (MSP)

The Myanmar Snakebite Project is an Australian government (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) supported foreign aid project in collaboration with the Myanmar government with the aim of improving outcomes for snakebite patients in Myanmar. As part of the project a case record database was established to document prospective cases of snakebite presenting to Mandalay General Hospital, in Upper Myanmar. The study period was 12 months (1-2-2016 to 31-1-2017). Snake identity was based on a mixture of identified dead snakes brought with patients, doctor's clinical opinion and patient identification. 965 patients were enrolled during the 12 month period, of whom 948 were included for analysis. The male: female ratio was 1.58:1. Most cases involved bites to the lower limbs (82.5%) and adults involved in farm work, confirming snakebite as an occupational disease in this community. Motorised transport was by far the most common form of transport to health care and most patients sought care from the health system (87.7%), not traditional healers (11.5%) as their first point of contact. The officially promoted application of a pressure pad, bandage and immobilisation as first aid for snakebite was almost never used, while most patients used some form of tourniquet (92.0%). 85.4% of cases where a snake ID was listed were bitten by Russell's vipers. Russell's viper bites were responsible for all fatalities (9.8% of cases) and all cases of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). For all cases, clinical features included local swelling (76.5%), local pain (62.6%), AKI (59.8%), incoagulable blood (57.9%), regional lymphadenopathy (39.8%), nausea/vomiting (40.4%), thrombocytopenia (53.6%), abdominal pain (28.8%), shock (11.8%), secondary infection (8.6%), panhypopituitarism (2.1%). AKI required renal replacement therapy (RRT) in 23.9% of cases, all ascribed to Russell's viper bite. Green pit viper bites were the next most common cause of bites (7.6%) and were associated with incoagulable blood (29%) and occasionally shock (5%) and local necrosis (3%), and in one case AKI not requiring RRT. In contrast to Russell's viper bites, green pit viper bite was most likely to occur in the home (49%). Some green pit viper patients were treated with Russell's viper antivenom (15%), presumably because they had incoagulable blood, although this antivenom is not effective against green pit viper envenoming. For the entire patient group, antivenom was given in 80.5% of cases. The most common indications were presence of coagulopathy/non-clotting blood (59.8%), local swelling (47.4%), oliguria/anuria (19.8%), heavy proteinuria (19.4%). A febrile reaction to antivenom was reported in 47.9% of cases, while anaphylaxis, occurred in 7.9% of cases. Keywords: Snakebite, Antivenom, Russell's viper, AKI, Coagulopathy, Prospective observational study, Myanma

Peripheral neuropathy induced by drinking water contaminated with low-dose arsenic in Myanmar

Abstract Background More than 140 million people drink arsenic-contaminated groundwater. It is unknown how much arsenic exposure is necessary to cause neurological impairment. Here, we evaluate the relationship between neurological impairments and the arsenic concentration in drinking water (ACDW). Participants and methods A cross-sectional study design was employed. We performed medical examinations of 1867 residents in seven villages in the Thabaung township in Myanmar. Medical examinations consisted of interviews regarding subjective neurological symptoms and objective neurological examinations of sensory disturbances. For subjective neurological symptoms, we ascertained the presence or absence of defects in smell, vision, taste, and hearing; the feeling of weakness; and chronic numbness or pain. For objective sensory disturbances, we examined defects in pain sensation, vibration sensation, and two-point discrimination. We analyzed the relationship between the subjective symptoms, objective sensory disturbances, and ACDW. Results Residents with ACDW ≥ 10 parts per billion (ppb) had experienced a “feeling of weakness” and “chronic numbness or pain” significantly more often than those with ACDW  50 ppb). These data suggest a threshold for the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy due to arsenic exposure, and indicate that the arsenic concentration in drinking water should be less than 10 ppb to ensure human health

ミャンマー連邦共和国ヤンゴン市の公立学校において実施したデングウイルス媒介蚊に対する長期残効性ピリプロキシフェン幼虫剤(SumiLarvR2MR)の効果試験

Background: Mosquito-borne diseases are prevalent in Myanmar, with the number of dengue cases showing a significant increase in recent years. Dengue vectors have developed resistance to insecticides and currently used larvicides show only short-term effectiveness. As a result, an alternative larvicide is urgently needed. The present study evaluated the larvicidal effectiveness of long-lasting pyriproxyfen resin discs (SumiLarvR2MR) against dengue virus vectors in schools in Hlaing Thar Yar Township, Yangon. Results: The proportion of Aedes mosquito-infested containers was significantly reduced in the schools applied with the larvicide (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.12?0.48) while there was little reduction noted in the control schools (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.55?1.72). The density of infested containers was also significantly reduced in the intervention schools (Beta: -1.50, 95% CI: -1.98? -1.04), but there was no significant reduction in density in the control schools (Beta: -0.19, 95% CI: -0.53?0.14). The proportion of adult emergence was less than 20% in the treated water collected from the intervention schools for six months, while the proportion was over 90% in the untreated water. In addition, eight-month-old SumiLarvR2MR resin discs were still 100% effective when tested in the laboratory. More than 50% of the discs disappeared from treated containers within two months of intervention. Conclusions: SumiLarvR2MR was effective in reducing Aedes-infested containers at least six months after its application in schools. This new pyriproxyfen formulation has great potential for improving the current dengue vector control program in Myanmar.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1060号 学位授与年月日:平成30年3月20日Author: Sai Zaw Min Oo, Sein Thaung, Yan Naung Maung Maung, Khin Myo Aye, Zar Zar Aung, Hlaing Myat Thu, Kyaw Zin Thant and Noboru MinakawaCitation: Parasites & Vectors, 11, 16; 2018Nagasaki University (長崎大学)課程博

Correlation between body mass index (BMI) and fasting total blood cholesterol level among undergraduate students

A cross sectional study to observe the relation between body mass index (BMI) and the fasting total blood cholesterol level was carried out among 82 undergraduate medical students from SEGi University, Kota Damansara. The participants were randomly selected to participate in this research. The BMI was then calculated by using the standard formula (kg/m). The fasting total blood cholesterol level was measured by using home cholesterol kit. The obtained data was then analyzed by using statistical package for the social sciences software (version 22.0). For males, the highest mean BMI value and highest mean fasting total blood cholesterol level were recorded for Indian students followed by Malays and Chinese. There was significant correlation between BMI and the fasting total blood cholesterol level in male participants (0.001, r-value = 0.525). As for females, Malays had the highest mean BMI value followed by Indians and Chinese and the highest mean fasting total blood cholesterol level was found in Chinese followed by Malays and Indians. No significant correlation was found between BMI and fasting total blood cholesterol levels in female participants (0.922, r-value = 0.015). However, there was a significant correlation between BMI and fasting total blood cholesterol level in overall male and female participants (0.015, r-value = 0.267). In conclusion, our study suggests that the students should be advised to exercise more; reduce intake of food with high cholesterol, avoid fast food and have an active and healthy lifestyle. This may overall improve their health status and prevent them from getting diseases which are associated with obesity and high cholesterol level