Numerical model estimation of biomethane production using an anaerobic CSTR: model formulation, parameter estimation and uncertainty/sensitivity analysis

Global climate change is becoming of increasing concern. Transportation makes up a large part of carbon gasses, which affects climate change and air quality. As transportation is a big part of carbon emissions, everybody can contribute to reducing emissions through transportation. One way for people to contribute is to start choosing greener transportation. Nuding is a tool that can be used to get people to choose greener transportation. It's function is to help guide people's behavior. For this project, the nudging goal is to nudge people towards healthier and greener transportation options than already in use. An example of a nudge is to provide reminders of bus departure times for a trip to an event. In order to nudge people gathering information relevant for traveling is necessary. In this thesis, relevant information for green transportation nudges is researched. Other studies on green transportation nudges are applied to discover relevant information topics and sources. Microservices architecture is proposed as the architecture for designing nudges, where the system is divided into smaller interconnected services that work together. Demonstrators of information collection microservices are designed and implemented. The demonstrators handle data for different information topics relevant to green transportation nudges. There are demonstrators for collecting weather data, routing data, public transportation data, rental bikes and scooters data, calendar data, and location data. The thesis also discusses how the data collected can be used to form transportation nudges

Sustainable Agro-Food Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using High Rate Anaerobic Process

This review article compiles the various advances made since 2008 in sustainable high-rate anaerobic technologies with emphasis on their performance enhancement when treating agro-food industrial wastewater. The review explores the generation and characteristics of different agro-food industrial wastewaters; the need for and the performance of high rate anaerobic reactors, such as an upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactor, an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, hybrid systems etc.; operational challenges, mass transfer considerations, energy production estimation, toxicity, modeling, technology assessment and recommendations for successful operation

Sustainable Agro-Food Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using High Rate Anaerobic Process

This review article compiles the various advances made since 2008 in sustainable high-rate anaerobic technologies with emphasis on their performance enhancement when treating agro-food industrial wastewater. The review explores the generation and characteristics of different agro-food industrial wastewaters; the need for and the performance of high rate anaerobic reactors, such as an upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactor, an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, hybrid systems etc.; operational challenges, mass transfer considerations, energy production estimation, toxicity, modeling, technology assessment and recommendations for successful operation

Sustainable Agro-Food Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using High Rate Anaerobic Process

This review article compiles the various advances made since 2008 in sustainable high-rate anaerobic technologies with emphasis on their performance enhancement when treating agro-food industrial wastewater. The review explores the generation and characteristics of different agro-food industrial wastewaters; the need for and the performance of high rate anaerobic reactors, such as an upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactor, an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, hybrid systems etc.; operational challenges, mass transfer considerations, energy production estimation, toxicity, modeling, technology assessment and recommendations for successful operation

Biodegradability and bio methane potential of vegetable, fruit and oil fraction in anaerobic co-digestion

International audienceVegetable and fruit wastes are generated in large quantities at central vegetable market. Redirection of this waste from landfills to biological treatment can reduce environmental issues. Cooked oil from restaurants discharged to common sewer interferes with common effluent treatment plants that treat municipal wastewater. The current study focused on co-digestion of vegetable and fruit waste along with oil residue. Experiments carried out in a laboratory scale anaerobic batch reactors showed that addition oil residue to vegetable and fruit waste has shown an increase in methane yield of 30%. Oil as mono substrates in anaerobic digestion shown a delayed degradation at start up and could not reach a stable state

Nonlinear kinetic modelling of anaerobic biodegradation of fruit, vegetable waste along with oil

PosterInternational audienceExperiments were conducted with vegetables (Potato, Carrot, Spinach), fruits (Grapes, Orange) and cooked oil collected from restaurants, in 6 litre laboratory reactors operated in batch mode with organic loading rate ranging from 1.0 – 6.0 g·[VS]/l. The kinetics of biogas production under the co-digestion was studied using first order exponential, Fitzhugh and Cone model. The goodness of models fit to the observed data was first checked by calculating the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. A matrix of p-values for testing the hypothesis of no correlation was also determined. Results showed that all models perform well comparatively with the observed data. Estimated degradation rate constants were similar for the vegetables and fruits co-digestion but different in the case of the co-digestion with oil

Study of Significant Factors Affecting Construction Productivity Using Relative Importance Index in Indian Construction Industry

The construction industry of India is the second-largest contributor to the GDP and provides employment to a large population in the country. Its contribution to the GDP is about 8-10% on an average in the last decade. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the significant factors affecting construction productivity using relative importance index method with a special focus on the Indian construction industry. A structured questionnaire survey method is used to collect the data from the primary stakeholders of the Indian construction industry including but not limited to consultants, architects, civil contractor, developer, PMC, and academia people. Total of 201 valid responses were received with a response rate of 32%. The value of reliability analysis is above 0.95, which is considered highly reliable for data-based studies. The findings of the study provide a ranking of factors affecting construction productivity. Most significant factors affecting construction productivity are availability of resources, contractual disputes, scope clarity of the project, design capability, and frequent design changes having the value on relative importance index scale 0.801, 0.799, 0.790, 0.785, and 0.776 respectively. This research paper concludes that the productivity can be achieved by changing the work culture and reviewing the management process for execution. Which suggests the implementation of best practices and motivation towards achieving the goal of having higher productivity by looking at the factor and analyzing how to promote productivity improvement

Flexural strengthening of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beams Retrofitted with Corrugated Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Laminates

Strengthening the structural members of old buildings using advanced materials is a contemporary research in the field of repairs and rehabilitation. Many researchers used plain Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) sheets for strengthening Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams. In this research work, rectangular corrugated GFRP laminates were used for strengthening RC beams to achieve higher flexural strength and load carrying capacity. Type and dimensions of corrugated profile were selected based on preliminary study using ANSYS software. A total of twenty one beams were tested to study the load carrying capacity of control specimens and beams strengthened with plain sheets and corrugated laminates using epoxy resin. This paper presents the experimental and theoretical study on flexural strengthening of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams using corrugated GFRP laminates and the results are compared. Mathematical models were developed based on the experimental data and then the models were validated

RETROFITTING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS USING FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER (FRP) COMPOSITES - A REVIEW

Rehabilitation and strengthening of old structures using advanced materials is a contemporary research in the field of Structural Engineering. During past two decades, much research has been carried out on shear and flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using different types of fibre reinforced polymers and adhesives. Strengthening of old structures is necessary to obtain an expected life span. Life span of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures may be reduced due to many reasons, such as deterioration of concrete and development of surface cracks due to ingress of chemical agents, improper design and unexpected external lateral loads such as wind or seismic forces acting on a structure, which are also the reasons for failure of structural members. The superior properties of polymer composite materials like high corrosion resistance, high strength, high stiffness, excellent fatigue performance and good resistance to chemical attack etc., has motivated the researchers and practicing engineers to use the polymer composites in the field of rehabilitation of structures. This paper reviews fourteen articles on rehabilitation of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The paper reviews the different properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites and adhesives, influence of dimensions of beams and loading rate causing failure. The paper proposes an enhanced retrofitting technique for flexural members and to develop a new mathematical model