Private Sector Corruption in Vietnam: From Legislation to its Impact on the Economy

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze Vietnamese legal legislation regarding corruption in the private sector, identify its current shortcomings, and assess its impact on the Vietnamese economy since its adoption in 2018.   Theoretical framework: There have been many studies to assess corruption in Vietnam in many aspects, including the overview of corruption in Vietnam, the influence of corruption on economic development, and the consequences of corruption. However, there is still much to investigate and learn about the impact of the current provisions on corruption in the private sector on Vietnam’s economy.   Design/methodology/approach:  The study uses secondary data from the Provincial Competitiveness Index Report (PCI Vietnam) issued by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) in collaboration with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Besides, the article analyzes Vietnam's Corruption Control Index (CCI), which is assessed annually by the World Bank (WB). At the same time, the authors refer to the data on Vietnam's GDP and make a comparison with the CC index to  clarify the article’s objective. The authors also use a qualitative method by analyzing previous studies to assess the corruption in the private sector in Vietnam, the rules of law concerning private corruption, and its impact on the economy.   Findings:  Vietnam has had specific legislative achievements in criminalizing private corruption in the 2015 Criminal Law and promulgating anti-corruption provisions in the 2018 Anti-Corruption Law. These regulations had a positive impact on Vietnam's economy. However, corruption in the private sector in Vietnam is quite severe, especially bribery in business.   Research, Practical & Social implications:  We suggest future research of in-depth analysis of the causes and effects of specific kinds of corruption acts in the private sector.   Originality/value:  The results indicate that the new provisions on corruption in the private sector since it was adopted have positively affected the development of Vietnam's economy and the fight against corruption

福島原発事故に伴い放出された放射性Csの環境動態についての研究

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(工学)Doctor of Engineeringdoctora

PRIVATE EQUITY: ITS ROLE IN PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION

Alternative investments have increasingly been used to complement a traditional portfolio of stocks and bonds. Among them, Private Equity is found to be able to provide diversification benefits and higher expected returns. This study uses the traditional mean-variance portfolio optimization process with several inputs: “equilibrium” returns for the traditional assets as a neutral starting point generated by the Black-Litterman model; and a range of expected returns of private equity fund types. We find that private equity funds in earlier stages are more suitable for investors seeking higher expected returns and with higher levels of risk appetite, while private equity in later stages are more suitable for investors with lower risk appetite, seeking for more modest levels of returns. In both cases, it is notable that the portfolio gains efficiency after the inclusion of private equity. The diversification benefits from low correlations are also observed

Barrier Factors Affecting Development of Intelligent Transport System Projects

This paper identifies potential barrier factors affecting effectiveness and development (ED) of ITS projects as well as criteria for measuring ED of ITS projects in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The study discovers the barrier constructs, and analyzes data using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling method (PLS-SEM). The results provides a general and comprehensive overview of the main issues of ITS, and identifies 28 barrier factors with five main constructs affecting ED of ITS projects, namely the lack of undivided attention from the government (AG), financial constraints for ITS (FC), inadequate transport infrastructure (ITI), the over-development of urbanization (ODU), and the readiness and integration for ITS (RI). This paper fill the knowledge gap by discovering the causal relationships between barrier constructs and ED of ITS projects in Vietnam. Also it proposes several solutions for these issues, which are also a useful measurement tool for government agencies, planners, and traffic system designers to help them self-assess and make action plans now or in the near future

Molecular Histopathology and Cytopathology in Cardiovascular Diseases

In this chapter, we describe the most deadly heart diseases, including the fourth parts: Anatomy of the heart, chronic coronary syndrome and acute coronary syndrome and STEMI, Cardiomyopathy, and Pulmonary embolism. The written structure of a component includes Abstract, Pathophysiology, Clinical diagnostic criteria, histopathology, and cytopathology. The content is summarized based on the recommendations of the American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology. All images in this chapter are data at our center. In the chapter, we will see the relationship between histopathology and cytopathology and pathophysiology, which will serve as a basis for us to have more studies in the future

Optimization Parameters of Milling Process of Mould Material for Decreasing Machining Power and Surface Roughness Criteria

Improving milling performances is an effective solution to decrease the costs required. This paper addressed a multi-response optimization to simultaneously decrease the machining power consumed Pm, arithmetical roughness Ra, and ten-spot roughness Rz. The Grey-Response Surface Method-Multi Island Genetic Algorithm (GRMA) consisting of grey relational analysis (GRA), response surface method (RSM), and multi-island genetic algorithm (MA) was proposed to predict the optimal parameters and yield optimum milling performances. The experimental trials were conducted with the support of a CNC milling center. The influences of spindle speed (S), depth of cut (ap), feed rate (fz), and tip radius (r) were explored using GRA. The nonlinear relationship between machining parameters and grey grade (GG) model was developed using RSM. Finally, two optimization techniques, including desirability approach (DA) and MA were performed to observe the optimal values. The results indicated that the machining power was greatly affected by processing factors and the radius has a significant impact on the roughness criteria. The measured reductions using optimal parameters of Pm, Ra, and Rz are approximately 77.05%, 50.00%, and 58.02%, respectively, as compared to initial settings. The GRMA can be considered as an effective approach to generate reliable values of processing conditions and technological performances in the milling process

FLAVONOIDS ISOLATED FROM THE FLOWERS OF CAMELLIA CHRYSANTHA

Camellia chrysantha (the golden camellia, golden tea) is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the family Theaceae. The flowers and the leaves of this plant are used as tea and drank for its health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical constituents of the flowers of Camellia chrysantha. Five flavonoids were isolated from the flowers of Camellia chrysantha (Theaceae), including (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), quercetin (3), quercetin-3-O-methyl ether (4) and kaempferol (5). Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and by comparison with those reported in the literature. Among five compounds, compounds 4 was isolated for the first time from this species

NGHIÊN CỨU SỬ DỤNG DỮ LIỆU CÁC AXIT BÉO TRONG PHÂN LOẠI HOÁ HỌC THỰC VẬT (CHEMOTAXONOMY) ĐỐI VỚI CÁC LOÀI RONG ĐỎ

In this paper, the compositions and contents of fatty acids in the total lipid extracts of 69 red seaweed samples belonging to 9 families (Gracilariaceae, Hypneaceae, Ceramiaceae, Bangiaceae, Hylamaniaceae, Bonnemaisoniaceae, Phyllophoraceae, Rhodymeniaceae and Halymeniaceae) are studied. According to the results, 56 fatty acids are identified, in which 12 fatty acids were considered “fatty acid markers” for the botanical classification (Chemotaxonomy) of red seaweed species such as C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C16:1n-7, C18:0, C18:1n-9, C18:1n-7, C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3 and C22:0. By using principal component analysis method (PCA), the analysis result on two-dimensional chart showed that families of red seaweed are distributed into separate regions. Classification tree diagram of the red seaweed species based on essential fatty acid composition is also given.Chúng tôi đã tiến hành nghiên cứu thành phần và hàm lượng các axit béo trong dịch chiết lipit tổng của 69 mẫu rong đỏ Rhodophyta thuộc 9 họ Gracilariaceae, Hypneaceae, Ceramiaceae, Bangiaceae, Hylamaniaceae, Phyllophoraceae, Rhodymeniaceae, họ Halymeniaceae. Kết quả đã xác định được 56 axit béo trong đó có 12 axit béo là C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C16:1n-7, C18:0, C18:1n-9, C18:1n-7, C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3 và C22:0 được sử dụng là những chất đánh dấu cho việc phân loại hoá học thực vật (Chemotaxonomy) đối với các loài rong đỏ. Sử dụng phương pháp phân tích cấu tử chính (PCA), kết quả thể hiện qua giản đồ hai chiều, các họ rong đỏ phân định thành các vùng riêng rẽ. Chúng tôi cũng đưa ra sơ đồ cây phân loại của các loài rong đỏ theo thành phần axit béo chính yếu

Portable Rabies Virus Sequencing in Canine Rabies Endemic Countries Using the Oxford Nanopore MinION

As countries with endemic canine rabies progress towards elimination by 2030, it will become necessary to employ techniques to help plan, monitor, and confirm canine rabies elimination. Sequencing can provide critical information to inform control and vaccination strategies by identifying genetically distinct virus variants that may have different host reservoir species or geographic distributions. However, many rabies testing laboratories lack the resources or expertise for sequencing, especially in remote or rural areas where human rabies deaths are highest. We developed a low-cost, high throughput rabies virus sequencing method using the Oxford Nanopore MinION portable sequencer. A total of 259 sequences were generated from diverse rabies virus isolates in public health laboratories lacking rabies virus sequencing capacity in Guatemala, India, Kenya, and Vietnam. Phylogenetic analysis provided valuable insight into rabies virus diversity and distribution in these countries and identified a new rabies virus lineage in Kenya, the first published canine rabies virus sequence from Guatemala, evidence of rabies spread across an international border in Vietnam, and importation of a rabid dog into a state working to become rabies-free in India. Taken together, our evaluation highlights the MinION’s potential for low-cost, high volume sequencing of pathogens in locations with limited resources

Global Burden of Multiple Myeloma ASystematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm with substantial morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive description of the global burden of MM is needed to help direct health policy, resource allocation, research, and patient care.Objective: To describe the burden of MM and the availability of effective therapies for 21 world regions and 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016.Design and Setting: We report incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study. Data sources include vital registration system, cancer registry, drug availability, and survey data for stem cell transplant rates. We analyzed the contribution of aging, population growth, and changes in incidence rates to the overall change in incident cases from 1990 to 2016 globally, by sociodemographic index (SDI) and by region. We collected data on approval of lenalidomide and bortezomib worldwide.Main Outcomes and Measures: Multiple myeloma mortality; incidence; years lived with disabilities; years of life lost; and DALYs by age, sex, country, and year.Results: Worldwide in 2016 there were 138 509 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 121 000-155 480) incident cases of MM with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 2.1 per 100 000 persons (95% UI, 1.8-2.3). Incident cases from 1990 to 2016 increased by 126% globally and by 106% to 192% for all SDI quintiles. The 3 world regions with the highest ASIR of MM were Australasia, North America, and Western Europe. Multiple myeloma caused 2.1 million (95% UI, 1.9-2.3 million) DALYs globally in 2016. Stem cell transplantation is routinely available in higher-income countries but is lacking in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the Middle East. In 2016, lenalidomide and bortezomib had been approved in 73 and 103 countries, respectively.Conclusions and Relevance: Incidence of MM is highly variable among countries but has increased uniformly since 1990, with the largest increase in middle and low-middle SDI countries. Access to effective care is very limited in many countries of low socioeconomic development, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Global health policy priorities for MM are to improve diagnostic and treatment capacity in low and middle income countries and to ensure affordability of effective medications for every patient. Research priorities are to elucidate underlying etiological factors explaining the heterogeneity in myeloma incidence