Uniformly Integrated Database Approach for Heterogenous Databases

The demands of more storage, scalability, commodity of heterogenous data for storing, analyzing and retrieving data are rapidly increasing in today data-centric area such as cloud computing, big data analytics, etc. These demands cannot be solely handled by relational database system (RDBMS) due to its strict relational model for scalability and adaptability. Therefore, NoSQL (Not only SQL) database called non-relational database is recently introduced to extend RDBMS, and now it is widely used in some software developments. As a result, it becomes challenges regarding how to transform relational to non-relational database or how to integrate them to achieve business purposes regarding storage and adaptability. This paper therefore proposes an approach for uniformly integrated database to integrate data separately extracted from individual database schema from relational and NoSQL database systems. We firstly try to map the data elements in terms of their semantic meaning and structures with the help of ontological semantic mapping and metamodeling from the extracted data. We then cover structural, semantical and syntactical diversity of each database schema and produce integrated database results. To prove efficiency and usefulness of our proposed system, we test our developed system with popular datasets in BSON and traditional sql format using MongoDB and MySQL database. According to the results compared with other proficient contemporary approaches, we have achieved significant results in mapping similarity results although running time and retrieval time are competitive with the others

Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics and genetic diversity of widely consumed rice varieties in Kyaukse area, Myanmar

Consumer preferences are greatly influenced by eating and cooking qualities of rice grains, along with the economic value of a specific rice variety. This study was to evaluate ten rice varieties including the check variety IR64 on their physicochemical, cooking and eating qualities as well as to identify their genetic diversity using SSR markers. Most rice varieties are medium-grain types based on length-breadth ratio, whereas the famous Myanmar rice variety, Paw San Bay Kyar, (PSBK) is bold. PSBK showed the best cooking and eating quality traits with intermediate amylose content (AC), intermediate gelatinization temperature (GT), soft gel consistency (GC), and the highest elongation ratio among the studied rice varieties. Seventeen SSR markers linked with cooking and eating traits were used to assess the extent of polymorphism and genetic variation among ten rice varieties. There were 49 alleles in total, with an average of 2.88 alleles per locus. RM592 had the maximum number of alleles. The average PIC value ranged from 0.22 (RM540) to 0.77 (RM592). Cluster analysis with UPGMA method based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient divided ten rice varieties into two main groups and four sub-clusters. In multiple regression analysis, RM190 and Wx primers were discovered to be significantly associated with AC, GC and GT of cooking and eating quality traits. This study could contribute to the choice of rice varieties with superior cooking and eating qualities for rice breeding programs by implementing physicochemical characteristics and molecular analysis

Prevalence and seroprevalence of Plasmodium infection in Myanmar reveals highly heterogeneous transmission and a large hidden reservoir of infection.

Malaria incidence in Myanmar has significantly reduced over recent years, however, completeness and timeliness of incidence data remain a challenge. The first ever nationwide malaria infection and seroprevalence survey was conducted in Myanmar in 2015 to better understand malaria epidemiology and highlight gaps in Annual Parasite Index (API) data. The survey was a cross-sectional two-stage stratified cluster-randomised household survey conducted from July-October 2015. Blood samples were collected from household members for ultra-sensitive PCR and serology testing for P. falciparum and P. vivax. Data was gathered on demography and a priori risk factors of participants. Data was analysed nationally and within each of four domains defined by API data. Prevalence and seroprevalence of malaria were 0.74% and 16.01% nationwide, respectively. Prevalent infection was primarily asymptomatic P. vivax, while P. falciparum was predominant in serology. There was large heterogeneity between villages and by domain. At the township level, API showed moderate correlation with P. falciparum seroprevalence. Risk factors for infection included socioeconomic status, domain, and household ownership of nets. Three K13 P. falciparum mutants were found in highly prevalent villages. There results highlight high heterogeneity of both P. falciparum and P. vivax transmission between villages, accentuated by a large hidden reservoir of asymptomatic P. vivax infection not captured by incidence data, and representing challenges for malaria elimination. Village-level surveillance and stratification to guide interventions to suit local context and targeting of transmission foci with evidence of drug resistance would aid elimination efforts

Pharmaceutical Ethnobotany Survey of Anticancer Plant Resources from The Hlawgar Wildlife Park, Yangon Region, Myanmar

Since prehistoric time, men have used natural resources especially from plants for healthcare purpose. The information of therapeutic uses for cancer is very rare. The present work information is the result of pharmaceutical ethnobotany investigation on the Hlawgar Wildlife Park, Yangon Region from June to October 2014 . We studied the plant resource therapeutically used materials especially for the treatment of cancer by Thai and Myanmar traditional practitioners. Specimens were collected together with two Thai traditional practitioners. Data were combined with the interview of four traditional practitioners, two from Thailand and two from Myanmar. A total 32 species, 23 families were recognized as record. Those species were recommended for specific treatments of different organ cancer by two Thai traditional practitioners, and some of them are used as medicine by Myanmar traditional practitioners too. In the present research morphological identification was carried out using literature. Furthermore, herbarium specimens were deposited in the Department of Botany Herbarium, University of Yangon. Those species need to address more systematic and scientific methods. These data were useful for future pharmacological study, and also for estimation of the species which are in threat of exhaustion

Designing Student-centered Classroom for Effective Teaching of the Target Language

This study aims to give the students opportunities to be active participants in any activities, to monitor their critical thinking, to improve their analytical skills, as well as skills in deep learning, lifelong learning, self-directed learning, reflective learning, and motivation. This study includes ninety intermediated students from University of Computer Studies, Yangon (UCSY). English Language Teaching (ELT) teachers implement to design student centered classroom using different ways of teaching and sometimes they use technological aids to be more attractive and more communicative. In designing student centered classroom, ELT teachers use task-based language teaching or learning process to encourage the students to be active participants and to promote students’ language proficiency in the process of completing a task. This method increases students’ motivation generally, as does their achievement and satisfaction through the academic year

Study on Food Security Status and Coping Strategies of Rural Households in Myingyan Township, Dry Zone Area

This study was emphasized to estimate the food security status and coping strategies employed to food insecurity and better understanding of major determinants of per capita food expenditure at household level in Myingyan Township. The sample of 120 farm households and 77 landless households were interviewed in 6 villages by using simple random sampling method. Households’ daily calorie availability based on minimum capita daily food requirement 2100 kcal/person/day, food poverty line method and coping strategies method were used to fulfill the research objectives. There were 48% of landless and 45% of farm households in food insecure group. Landless and farm households used 90% and 72% of their total income for food consumption respectively. In terms of average capita calorie intake per day, landless and farm households took 2127 kcal and 2181 kcal, respectively. Landless consumed 508 MMK whereas farm households consume 596 MMK as per capita daily food expenditure. Food secure households group was characterized by smaller family size, higher annual income, higher rice and meat consumption and lower migration rate compared to the food insecure group. About half of the landless and farm households were found in low level of coping strategies for food insecurity

Factors Influencing Proper Plantar Ulcer Care of Leprosy Patients: Experience from Mon-Ywa Township of Disabilities Survey Project, Myanmar

A cross-sectional study design was applied to explore types and ways of proper plantar ulcer care and factors influencing it. This study was conducted during 2008 in Mon-ywa Township because it is one of the ‘9 selected townships of the Disabilities survey project’. The study involved 19 patients affected by leprosy (PAL) with foot grade 2 disability, but without plantar ulcer at the time of study, 6 community members who had PAL in their immediate family and 6 community members who had PAL among their surroundings. They participated voluntarily in the study. The information was gathered by in-depth interview. Stigma attached to disability-related leprosy was still observed among the study respondents. They knew that ulcer could weaken their life and their surroundings. They were also aware of that one would gain benefit if one would free from ulcer. Personal outlook, a close attachment of their families and responsibility for the family, community’s reactions and the provision from the health service were the key factors to push and pull the PAL to perform plantar ulcer care. Consequently, as to regain the normal life in a society, despite a number of difficulties, PAL tried their best to look after the plantar ulcer along with the help from their families and relatives. As they were aware of the value of ulcer-free condition. for the future, they had positive view on plantar ulcer care not only for them but also for their families