A Geographic Study on Level of Markets in Meiktila

The study area, Meiktila is situated in the southwestern part of Mandalay Region. Meiktila has good transport system with various regions of Myanmar. There are 9 markets in Meiktila. The main aim is to study the markets which serve as tertiary system in the study area. Normally the tertiary functions are consumer oriented and they need a certain number of consumers or the threshold population for their existence. They, therefore, used to locate in population centers or in areas with high accessibility. In this paper, the distribution of market is determined by using GIS based buffer analysis. As a result, distribution of these markets is a great difference with respect to their tributary area, size of their functions, transportation facilities, accessibility and location of market place. Therefore, it is needed to build better transport system to develop for levels of markets in the study area

The Relationship between the Principals' Use of Power and Teachers' Job Satisfaction in Pakokku Township, Myanmar

These objectives have been pursued throughout the duration of the study 1) to study the principals' use of Power, 2) to study the teachers' job satisfaction and 3) to investigate the relationship between principals' use of Power and teachers' job satisfaction in Basic Education High Schools in Pakokku Township, Myanmar.In this study, the quantitative research method was used. The questionnaire survey was carried out in this study. After reviewing the related literature thoroughly, a set of questionnaires to collect the required data was developed based on Principals' Use of Power of (French Jr & Raven, 1959) and Teachers' Job Satisfaction of (Sepector, 1994).  The reliability coefficient (Cronbach α) was 0.753 for the principals' use of Power and 0.988 for the teachers' job satisfaction. The Principals' use of Power modified by the researcher and the teachers' jpb satisfaction was validated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and showed the good model fitting and had validity for the use in the study.Three hundred and four teachers were selected as subjects from the four Basic Education High Schools in Pakokku Township by using the random sampling method. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the collected data. The principals' use of Power and the teachers' job satisfaction that perceived by teachers were determined as the mean value and standard deviations. Moreover, independent samples T-test and the Pearson-product moment correlation coefficient were utilized.The principals' use of power (strong level, Mean=3.78, SD=0.318) and the teachers' job satisfaction (high level, Mean=3.83, SD=0.777) that perceived by teachers and the relationship between principals' use of Power and teachers' job satisfaction were identified in this study. There were statistically significant differences in the use of Power and teachers' job satisfaction grouped by the school location (uban and rural). There was a typical association between principals'’ use of Power and teachers' job satisfaction (p<.01). Quantitative findings also suggested that the higher the principals' use of Power, the better the teachers' job satisfaction. This study gave valuable new insights into that the principals can know which types of Power should be used in the appropriate situations while working with their subordinates. Keywords- Principals' Use of Power, Teachers' Job Satisfaction DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-9-06 Publication date:March 31st 202

Oxidative Addition Reactions Of Dimethylplatinum(ii) Complexes

This work deals with synthesis, characterization and reaction mechanisms in studies of the oxidative addition of organic compounds to dimethyl(1,10-phenanthroline)-platinum(II), (PtMe{dollar}\sb2{dollar}(NN)). The organic compounds studied include lactones, epoxides, alkylpalladium(IV) complexes, alkyl halides including a coumarin derivative, and diphenyl diselenide and diphenyl disulphide. A particularly detailed study has been made of the oxidative addition of the C-O bonds of a {dollar}\beta{dollar}-lactone and of epoxides.;The oxidative addition of propiolactone to the platinum(II) complex to give a platina(IV)lactone, (PtMe{dollar}\sb2\{lcub}{dollar}CH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}CH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}C(O)O{dollar}\{rcub}{dollar} (NN)), (NN = 2,2{dollar}\sp\prime{dollar}-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline) is reported. The structure is determined by both NMR and X-ray crystallography. The oxidative addition of propiolactone to the platinum(II) complex is deduced to follow an S{dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm N{rcub}{dollar}2 type mechanism.;The oxidative addition of some simple epoxides to the complex (PtMe{dollar}\sb2{dollar}(NN)) in the presence of carbon dioxide is shown to give platinacarbonate complexes. The rate-determining step in the reaction is the oxidative addition of the epoxide to (PtMe{dollar}\sb2{dollar}(NN)) and a dipolar intermediate, (Me{dollar}\sb2{dollar}(NN)Pt{dollar}\sp+{dollar}CH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}CHRO{dollar}\sp-{dollar}), is formed through nucleophilic attack by platinum(II) on the least substituted carbon atom of the epoxide, CH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}CHRO. The rapid insertion of CO{dollar}\sb2{dollar} then occurs to give the stable cyclic metallacarbonate products.;A study of reactivity, selectivity and mechanism in alkyl halide transfer reactions from palladium(IV) to platinum(II) complexes was carried out. Kinetic studies have shown that the major route involves loss of halide from palladium(IV) in a preequilibrium step, followed by S{dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm N{rcub}{dollar}2 attack by (PtMe{dollar}\sb2{dollar}(NN)) on an alkyl group (PdMe{dollar}\sb3{dollar}(NN)) {dollar}\sp+{dollar} or (PdMe{dollar}\sb2{dollar}(CH{dollar}\sb2{dollar}Ph)(NN)) {dollar}\sp+{dollar}.;The oxidative addition reactions of O-O, S-S and Se-Se bonds to (PtMe{dollar}\sb2{dollar}(NN)) to give the corresponding platinum(IV) complexes have also been studied and the products have been characterized by NMR as (PtMe{dollar}\sb2{dollar}(OH){dollar}\sb2{dollar}(NN)) or (PtMe{dollar}\sb2{dollar}(EPh){dollar}\sb2{dollar}(NN)), E = S or Se. The oxidative addition of 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin to the dimethylplatinum complex yields a fluorescent platinum(IV) complex and the oxidative addition of allyl chloride and bromoacetyl chloride to (PtMe{dollar}\sb2{dollar}(NN)) are also described briefly. (Abstract shortened by UMI.

Participations and Communications of Myanmar Academicians on Research Gate among Differences Disciplines

The purpose of this paper is to know the participating and communication of different disciplines among Myanmar academicians in ResearchGate (RG). The data were manually collected by visiting the profile pages of all members who had an account with the Institution of Myanmar in RG. In total, 1035 RG members and 59 participants' communications were analyzed by using the statistic method—Kruskal-Wallis H test under the five disciplines. The results show that Engineering and Technology disciplines massively participated than other disciplines on ResearchGate, while Natural science disciplines are more in research items. Life Science and Medicine disciplines have the most scholarly communication, respectively. There is no RG metric significant in social science disciplines. But, different disciplines of Myanmar academicians show varying levels of interest in being involved in RG with different significance Keywords: Researchgate, Myanmar academicians, Interaction, academic, social networks, question and answer site. DOI: 10.7176/IKM/11-2-03 Publication date:March 31st 202

Challenges to Industrial Water Pricing in Mandalay Region

This paper focuses on major aspects for challenges of industrial water pricing in Mandalay. The situational analysis on water supply system in Mandalay was conducted by questionnaire survey based on literature. In Mandalay, it is categorized by three zones of water resources according to the depth of tube wells which can get enough volume of groundwater. At present condition, there are 12 booster pumping stations, two treatment plants and 33 tube wells for public water supply. However, public water supply does not cover the whole city and industrial water supply is still being lack. Most industries extract vast amount of groundwater and discharge contaminated water into the surface water sources. Infrastructure in water supply, public appreciation for the water value, public-private-partnerships, going green, climate change patterns and impacts, groundwater abstraction, groundwater regulations and industrial water tariff system are studied in Mandalay area. Based on this study, the main challenges concerned with industrial water pricing are identified for Mandalay area

Assessment of risk factors for breast and ovarian cancer in UMS students

Cancer is a major public health problem and the third leading cause of death in Malaysia . Breast and ovarian cancers are the first and fourth most common cancer among women in Peninsular Malaysia. Our aim is to assess the risk factors in healthy young adult female students from UMS and will act as an input for further prevention of breast and ovarian cancer. Total 278 Medical and Nursing students from Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences were participate in this study. Assessing the hereditary risk factor, total 12.34% gives positive result for history of breast tumour in first degree relatives and for ovarian tumour total 1.8% gives positive results in first degree relatives. An overall mutation frequency of 2.3%, in woman who had at least one first-degree relative with breast cancer diagnosed at age <50 years ( Hartge et al. (1999) . The lifetime risk of breast cancer among female mutation carriers was 82% and lifetime risks of ovarian cancer were 54% for BRCA1 and 23% for BRCA2 mutation carriers. Risk reducing options are available to women with a strong family history of breast and ovarian cancer. These options include high-risk screening, chemoprevention, and prophylactic surgery. In our study, 63.7% is not meeting with WHO recommendation for Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) and remaining 36.3% meets WHO recommendation. By using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPQA)Score protocol,only 2.6 % of Medical students showed Health Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) active,36.4 % showed minimally active and 60.9% showed inactive. Among nursing students only 5.5% showed HEPA active, 35.4% showed minimally active and 59.1% are inactive. Primary prevention through behavioural and life style modification is a cost-effective means of preventing the large burden cancer has on societies world-wide

An Alternative Electrode System for Monitoring Belousov-Zhabotinsky Chemical Oscillations

The capability of copper-platinum (Cu/Pt) electrode system as a BelousovZhabotinsky (BZ) chemical oscillation monitor was compared with that of the normally used SCE/Pt electrode system, by testing it on three BZ systems, which were obtained by varying the oscillator in the combination bromate, oscillator and malonic acid. The oscillators, used separately, were cerium(IV), manganese(II) and ferroin [iron (II)-1,10- phenanthroline complex].Cu/Pt electrode gave essentially identical values of oscillation characteristics (oscillation period, peak potential, induction period, peak width) except peak potentials. This indicated that the Cu/Pt electrode system would be more useful than the SCE/Pt electrode system (which had chloride leakage problem), in electrical applications of chemical oscillations, such as electrical switches, which would depend only on the on/off frequency

A Potential Model for Chemical Oscillations

Oscillation characteristics: induction period, oscillation period, peak potential, and total oscillation time of Belousov-Zhabotinsky systems, which consisted of bromate - oscillator [Ce4+ or Mn2+ or ferroin] - malonic acid were deter- mined using SCE/Pt and Cu/Pt electrodes. The solution potential requirements for appearance of chemical oscillations were determined by finding the concentra- tion limits of the reactants, bromate and malonic acid, and measuring the corres-ponding solution reduction potentials. A chemical oscillation model was proposed