Contexto clínico-epidemiológico dos casos de hanseníase notificados em Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais - Brasil, entre 2015 e 2019

The objective is to characterize the clinical-epidemiological context of leprosy cases notified in Governador Valadares city between 2015 and 2019. Methodology: This is an ecological study that includes sociodemographic variables (gender, age and education) and clinical variables (clinical form, operational classification, number of injuries, presence of disability and type of exit). Results: Among the 387 reported cases, 52.1% were male, 26.6% were aged ≥65 years and 22.9% had incomplete elementary school from the 1st to the 4th grade. Regarding clinical variables, 42.8% were classified as dimorphic and 56.3% as multibacillary. In addition, it was possible to identify that the majority had 5 or more injuries (43.4%) and zero disability level (71.3%). There were correlations between being male and: virchowian form (*p=0.0001), multibacillary (*p=0.0004), 5 or more injuries (*p=0.0008) and disability grade 2 (*p=0.002). On the other hand, there were correlations between being female and tuberculoid form (*p=0.001) and only 1 injure (*p=0.002). It is important to note that the cure rates remained above 90%. Final considerations: Leprosy is a disease with an impact on Governador Valadares city, what makes early diagnosis and prevention through health education measures essential.Objetiva-se caracterizar o contexto clínico-epidemiológico dos casos de hanseníase notificados no município de Governador Valadares (GV) entre 2015 e 2019. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico no qual foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade) e variáveis clínicas (forma clínica, classificação operacional, número de lesões, presença de incapacidade e tipo de saída). Resultados: Entre os 387 casos notificados, 52,1% eram do sexo masculino, 26,6% apresentavam idade ≥65 anos e 22,9% possuíam da 1ª a 4ª série do ensino fundamental incompleta. Com relação às variáveis clínicas, 42,8% foram classificados como dimorfos e 56,3% como multibacilares. Além disso, foi possível identificar que a maior parte apresentava 5 ou mais lesões (43,4%) e grau de incapacidade zero (71,3%). Observou-se ainda correlação entre ser do sexo masculino e apresentar forma virchowiana (*p=0,0001), multibacilar (*p=0,0004), possuir 5 ou mais lesões (*p=0,0008) e desenvolver incapacidade de grau 2 (*p=0,002). Por outro lado, houve correlação entre ser do sexo feminino e forma tuberculóide (*p=0,001) e o surgimento de somente 1 lesão (*p=0,002). Torna-se importante ressaltar que os percentuais de cura permaneceram acima de 90%. Considerações finais: A hanseníase é uma doença de impacto em GV, fato que torna imprescindível o diagnóstico precoce e a prevenção por meio de medidas de educação em saúde.

A bibliometric analysis of research productivity on parasitic infections in children during the 15-year period / Uma análise bibliométrica da produtividade da investigação sobre infecções parasitárias em crianças durante o período de 15 anos

Parasitic infections in children (PIC) represent an important public health issue regarding that children are more vulnerable to these infections and its consequences. Many countries have neglected PIC in their health agendas and budgets, which has hindered scientific production about it. In this sense, bibliometric analyzes have been useful to identify the panorama of scientific production for many diseases and thus assist in decision-making. Thus, this review aims to analyze the brazilian and worldwide scientific production of PIC between 2006 and 2020. The terms “Parasitic diseases” and “Children” were used for search in Scopus database. The variables were organized and simple linear regression was applied using Graphpad Prism 7. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. was USA (18.5%), UK (8.9%) and Brazil (7.8%) were the countries that performed more scientific research on IPC. Among Brazil´s federal unities, São Paulo (34.3%), Rio de Janeiro (32%) and Minas Gerais (17.3%) published more scientific papers on PIC. The Brazilian research were mostly performed by public institutions, especially FIOCRUZ, USP and UFMG which published 19%, 16% and 10.6% of total Brazilian scientific production about PIC, respectively. There was a significant increase in scientific production about PIC over the 15 years analyzed, especially about schistosomiasis, giardiasis and trichuriasis. In addition, scientific journals from developed countries such as London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases were the main publishers of papers about PIC. Scientific production on PIC increased between 2006 and 2020 with participation of developed countries (USA and UK) and developing countries (Brazil). This increase in scientific production seems to be driven by the increase in studies on giardiasis, trichuriasis and especially schistosomiasis

High frequency of M. leprae DNA detection in asymptomatic household contacts

Abstract Background Characterization of the Mycobacterium leprae genome has made possible the development of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) systems that can amplify different genomic regions. Increased reliability and technical efficiency of quantitative PCR (qPCR) makes it a promising tool for early diagnosis of leprosy. Index cases that are multibacillary spread the bacillus silently, even before they are clinically diagnosed. Early detection and treatment could prevent transmission in endemic areas. Methods In this study, the qPCR technique is used to detect DNA of M. leprae in samples of slit skin smears (SSS) of the ear lobe and blood of leprosy patients and their asymptomatic household contacts residing in Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil, a hyperendemic area for leprosy. A total of 164 subjects participated in the study: 43 index cases, 113 household contacts, and, as negative controls, 8 individuals who reported no contact with patients nor history of leprosy in the family. The qPCR was performed to amplify 16S rRNA fragments and was specifically designed for M. leprae. Results Of asymptomatic household contacts, 23.89% showed bacillary DNA by qPCR in samples of SSS and blood. Also, 48.84% of patients diagnosed with leprosy were positive for qPCR while the bacillary load was positive in only 30.23% of patients. It is important to note that most patients were already receiving treatment when the collection of biological material for qPCR was performed. The level of bacillary DNA from household contacts was similar to the DNA levels detected in the group of paucibacillary patients. Conclusion Considering that household contacts comprise a recognizable group of individuals with a high risk of disease, as they live in close proximity to a source of infection, qPCR can be used to estimate the risk of progress towards leprosy among household contacts and as a routine screening method for a chemoprophylactic protocol

High frequency of M. leprae DNA detection in asymptomatic household contacts

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-09-28T14:16:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 euzenirn_sarno_etal_2018.pdf: 520056 bytes, checksum: bdf1ca4f6d571e04b1ac64a89e23c703 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-09-28T14:38:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 euzenirn_sarno_etal_2018.pdf: 520056 bytes, checksum: bdf1ca4f6d571e04b1ac64a89e23c703 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-28T14:38:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 euzenirn_sarno_etal_2018.pdf: 520056 bytes, checksum: bdf1ca4f6d571e04b1ac64a89e23c703 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Universidade Vale do Rio Doce. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia. Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil / Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia e DIP/Genética e Biotecnologia). Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasi.Universidade Vale do Rio Doce. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia. Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil.Universidade Vale do Rio Doce. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia. Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Vale do Rio Doce. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia. Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil / Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Governador Valadares. Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil.Universidade Vale do Rio Doce. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia. Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil / Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia e DIP/Genética e Biotecnologia). Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasi.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia e DIP/Genética e Biotecnologia; Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Governador Valadares. Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil / Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia e DIP/Genética e Biotecnologia; Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.Characterization of the Mycobacterium leprae genome has made possible the development of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) systems that can amplify different genomic regions. Increased reliability and technical efficiency of quantitative PCR (qPCR) makes it a promising tool for early diagnosis of leprosy. Index cases that are multibacillary spread the bacillus silently, even before they are clinically diagnosed. Early detection and treatment could prevent transmission in endemic areas