Production of Doubled Haploids in Onion: A Review

Onion suffers from high inbreeding depression and, as a result, inbreds that are developed lack genotypic and phenotypic uniformity. Gynogenesis has emerged as a potential strategy to address this drawback. Efforts have been made since the 1980s for identifying highly-responsive genotypes and for overall improvement of the protocol for bettering gynogenic frequency in onion. Besides improving media composition, identification of responsive explants and increasing the chromosome efficiency has remained a major area of focus over the years. This article purports to review progress made thus far in the induction of gynogenic haploids in onion, and challenges/opportunities associated with it

COMBATING SARS-COV-19 BY PHYTOCHEMICALS: AN IN SILICO STUDY

Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the potential lead phytochemical compounds that can be targeted against the severe acute respiratory coronavirus, 2019 (SARS-CoV-19) main protease (6LU7). Method: A total of 191 phytochemicals from the Phytochemical and Drug Target Database (PDTDB) were retrieved and screened against SARS-CoV-19 protease by employing computational molecular docking studies. Results: Our molecular docking results reveal that compounds ergosterol peroxide, punicalin, oleanolic acid, naringin, and diosmin are showing a very good affinity for coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19) main protease and can be explored further as the lead candidate. Conclusion: Computational studies of phytochemicals library against 6LU, a SARS-CoV-19 main protease led to the determination of compounds with the best theoretical affinity. Further, more target information of these compounds is needed for drug intervention, rational drug design, in vitro and in vivo evaluations, and final preparation in terms of clinical trial so that they can be used to combat the novel virus SARS-CoV-19

Maternal near miss: a surrogate indicator of obstetrics care

Background: A maternal near miss (MNM) is an event in which a pregnant woman is on the verge of dying but doesn't die. Despite the fact that most maternal deaths can be avoided, efforts to reduce maternal mortality have not always been successful. This study aimed to identify and analyze the frequency of maternal near-misses (MNMs) cases and causes of maternal near miss due to severe obstetric complications. Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi. The study duration was from January 2021-June 2022. Purposive sampling was used to collect the total of 2053 samples. Results: The study involved in total of 56 maternal near miss cases which includes total of ten maternal deaths. The majority of the respondents have more than 20 years of the age (82.1%) where near miss cases were higher in multiparous women (73.2%). First delays (delay in women seeking help) were almost a third in numbers to affect the maternal mortality and morbidity. Hypertension (32%). hemorrhage (20%) and anemia (14%) were the major leading cause of obstetrical complications. About 66% of the maternal near miss cases needed the interventional management that was ICU admission, mechanical ventilation (41.1%) and blood transfusion (32.1%). Conclusions: Pregnancy hypertension, postpartum hemorrhage, and severe anemia continue to be important determinants of maternal morbidity. First-referral unit facilities and training should be improved so that they can better respond to basic obstetric emergencies such as hypertension, anemia and hemorrhage

Analysis of caesarean section using Robson’s ten group classification in a tertiary care centre

Background: Caesarean section is the most common obstetric operation that saves lives of countless mother and babies. In the past few decades, caesarean section rates have been continuously increasing worldwide. WHO declared that there is no justification for any region to have a caesarean section rate higher than 10-15% and added that CS rates higher than 10% is not associated with reduction in newborn and maternal mortality rates. In 2015, WHO proposed Robson classification as a global standard of assessing, monitoring comparing and auditing the determinants of caesarean sections rates. Methods: This Retrospective study was done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heritage institute of medical Sciences, Varanasi. The study duration was from July 2021 to June 2022. Results: A total of 2039 cases underwent delivery during the study duration. The caesarean rate calculated was 46.3%. Group 5 (previous CS, single, cephalic, >37weeks) made the greatest contributor to total CS rate followed by Group 1 (nulliparous, single, cephalic, >37 weeks in spontaneous labor). 100% of women with abnormal lie (group 9) and 87.9% women with breech presentation underwent CS. Conclusions: The overall rate of Caesarean sections is on an increasing trend. Robson’s Group 5 and 1 were the major contributors to caesarean section in this study. RTGCS is a simple useful tool which is a starting point for meaningful analysis of CS both at facility level and across different facilities

Point Prevalence of Indwelling Catheterized Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital and Related Nursing Care Practices

Urinary catheterization facilitates the drainage of urinary bladder. The current study was carried out to assess the point prevalence of indwelling catheterized patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital and to assess the related practices of nurses. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Sampling technique was purposive. Survey of all the admitted patients was carried out in a single day to assess the point prevalence of catheterized patients. Tools for data collection comprised of sociodemographic profile and clinical profile of the catheterized patients. A checklist was used to assess the self-expressed practices of nurses regarding insertion, care and removal of catheter. The total number of admitted patients on the day of survey was 1718. 317 (18.5%) patients were found to be catheterized. Majority of the patients were in Intensive Care Unit followed by Emergency areas and were suffering from neurological disorders. Most of the self-expressed practices of nurses regarding catheterization were adequate other than documentation of the procedure; providing perineal care at the time of catheterization, catheter care and removing the catheter; and clamping the catheter before its removal.

Role of imaging modalities in diagnosis of silent caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy after ovulation induction: a case report

There has been an increased prevalence of ectopic pregnancies in the present scenario attributing to 1.5-2% of all pregnancies. Caesarean scar pregnancies are rare, occurring in approximately 1 in 2000 pregnancies, although the incidence is increasing. The increasing rate of caesarean scar ectopic pregnancies mirrors the increasing rate of caesarean delivery. Disruption of the endometrium and myometrium after caesarean delivery predisposes to improper implantation at the site of the prior hysterotomy. Without normal surrounding myometrium, untreated caesarean scar ectopic pregnancies can result in uterine rupture with severe maternal hemorrhage and death. Although ultrasound remains the primary imaging modality for this diagnosis, MRI may be useful in the setting of equivocal cases and also may aid in the detection of possible placental implantation or bladder wall invasion. An MRI may provide additional confirmation of the ultrasound findings and characterize the myometrial interface if the pregnancy is difficult to distinguish from other pregnancy complications such as a cervical ectopic pregnancy or consideration for expectant management of pregnancy is considered

Role of Traditional Therapy (Yoga) in Avabahuka (Frozen Shoulder)

Frozen shoulder, the “Peri-arthritis” or “Adhesive Capsulitis” is the problem of shoulder region in which the shoulder capsule, the connective tissue surrounding the gleno-humeral joint of shoulder, becomes inflamed and stiff, greatly restrict motion and cause chronic pain. In Ayurveda there is no direct reference of frozen shoulder. But there are many problems which are related viz “Avabahuka”, “Amsa Shosha”, “Bahushosha”, “Sandhigata Kupita Vata”, Snayu Gata Kupita Vata. Among these Avabahuka has close correlation with frozen shoulder. This disease usually affects the Amsa Sandhi (shoulder joint). Acharya Sushruta and other Acharyas have considered Avabahuka as a Vataja Vikara. Amsa Shosha (wasting of shoulder) can be considered as the preliminary stage of the disease, where loss or dryness of Shleshak kapha from Amsa Sandhi occurs and hampers the movement of the arm. The most common treatment for frozen shoulder is mobility, exercises and Yoga (Asana & Pranayama). Yogic procedures are helpful in removing the stiffness of the joint. Keeping this in mind I am presenting a review article on following exercises (Suksham Vyayama- wrist movement, elbow movement, shoulder movement, neck movement, wall climbing exercise, towel stretch exercise, Chakkichalan), Asanas (Tadasana, Chakkichalanasana, Ardhakatichakrasana, Katichakrasana and Shashankasana) and Pranayama (Kapalbhati, Nadishodhana (Anulom-Vilom), Bhramari) how they help manage or prevent frozen shoulder

Evaluation of Geno Type MTBDRplus Line Probe Assay for Early Detection of Drug Resistance in Tuberculous Meningitis Patients in India

Background: Molecular methods which allow for rapid and reliable detection of drug resistance have yet not been sufficiently evaluated for timely management of patients with tuberculous meningitis. Aims: We aimed to evaluate Geno Type MTBDRplus line probe assay for early detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and CSF samples of confirmed tuberculous meningitis patients. Settings and Design: This was a multicentric prospective study carried out from July 2011 to December 2013 in tertiary care hospitals of Delhi. Materials and Methods: The assay was performed on 89 M. tuberculosis isolates and 31 direct CSF samples from microbiologically confirmed tuberculous meningitis patients. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay was calculated in comparison to drug susceptibility testing by BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Results: The sensitivity, specificity for detection of resistance to Isoniazid was 93%, 97% and to Rifampicin was 80%, 98.8%, respectively by this assay in comparison with the phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. The line probe assay could detect M. tuberculosis in 55% of CSF samples from patients with microbiologically confirmed tuberculous meningitis. Only 5/89 isolates (5.6%) were resistant to both Isoniazid and Rifampicin while 9/89 (10%) isolates were additionally resistant to Isoniazid. Resistance to any of the drugs, namely Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Streptomycin or Ethambutol, was seen in 24.7% of strains. Conclusion: The line probe assay has a good sensitivity and specificity for detection of drug resistance to Isoniazid and Rifampicin in M. tuberculosis culture isolates. However, this assay has limited role in detection of M. tuberculosis and drug resistance from direct samples with confirmed diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis