Comparative Evaluation of flank wear of uncoated, AlTiN and TiSiN Coated Cermet Insert by Machining of D2 Tool Steel

The life of a cutting tool is one of the major parameters which affects the cost and quality of machining. Hence manufacturing industries putting lots of effort and resources to increase tool life and productivity. This research focuses on increasing the life of cutting tool insert by suggesting new coating material for turning harden metals. An experimentation analysis is carried out on uncoated, conventional coated (AlTiN) and newly suggested coating (TiSiN) cermet insert. Experiments were carried out by selecting 90, 183, and 245 m/min as cutting speed, 0.2 mm/rev as feed, and 0.25 mm depth of cut. The result shows all three inserts give good performance at 90 m/min cutting speed. Tool life of AlTiN coated insert shows 20 min and TiSiN coated insert shows 22.21 min at 183 m/min cutting speed. At cutting speed 245 m/min all three types of cutting insert break even after 1 min of machining

Uterine volume measurement as a determinant in route of hysterectomy

Background: Objectives of the study were to determine the role of uterine volume rather than uterine length in assessing the route of hysterectomy; to estimate the cut-off of uterine volume for route of hysterectomy; and to correlate uterine volume measured preoperatively by ultrasound with post-operative uterine weight.Methods: This was a prospective observational study including a total of 101 women who underwent hysterectomies (vaginal, laparascopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), total laparascopic hysterectomy (TLH), abdominal) in a period of 2 years 2 months from July 2018 to August 2020 in Mehta Multispeciality Hospital, Chetpet, Chennai. Uterine size was measured by clinical examination. Ease of the procedure with various uterine volume and routes of hysterectomy were studied.Results: 51 (50.49%) underwent vaginal route (including laparascopic hysterectomy), 50 (49.50%) underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Mean uterine volume leading to removal vaginally was 168.09±139.28 cc whereas 309.12±182.47 cc for abdominal hysterectomy (p=0.001) which was statistically significant. vaginal hysterectomy was done without difficulty up to 300 cc. Postoperative complications were less with vaginal hysterectomy compared to abdominal hysterectomy was statistically significant (p=0.0001).Uterine volume measured pre operatively by ultrasound showed positive correlation (r=0.82) with post-operative uterine weight proved that uterine volume measurements was superior to the clinical estimate of uterine size in assessing the route of hysterectomy.Conclusions: Uterine volume on ultrasonography (USG) can be a good predictor in deciding whether hysterectomy via vaginal route is possible.

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TURBINE BUILDING USING HIGH STRENGTH STEEL

Structural steel is advantageous material in construction industry because of its constructability and high strength to mass ratio. Steel frame is composed of structural steel members of different shape and size, which is connected with each other to transfer loads and provide complete rigidity against heavy loads. Steel frame can be built in a couple of days rather than weeks, with 20% to 40% reduction in construction time compared to on site construction. Now a day’s in steel frame, structural components are used of medium strength steel grade E250 and E350. Grade E250 is used in general fabrication, storage tanks, structural member, etc. Grade E350 steel is utilized in projects where average strength is required without compromising weldability and ductility. Since rising price of materials requires reduction in weight of the structure, use of High Strength Steel (HSS) is increased and it fulfills the most of constructional requirements. The HSS is developed to provide the beneficial mechanical properties and excessive corrosion resistance than conventional grade steel. With the reduced weight, steel provides higher strength to the structure against heavy loads. In this research, E450 and E350 grade steels have been used to design the turbine building. Dead, Live, Wind, Seismic and Crane loads are applied to the turbine building as per IS 875:1987, IS 875:2015, IS 1893(1):2002, and IS 1893(4):2005, respectively and designed as per IS 800:2007 using Staad.pro software. Built-up, Indian, and Jindal sections are provided to the structural elements. After the comparison of results of E350 and E450 grade steels, it is concluded that by using HSS, the reduction in steel up to 15%. Structural member size decreases and hence overall weight of the turbine building is reduced. Reduction of steel results in overall construction cost

Understanding the degree of awareness among medical professionals regarding the ethics of pharmaceutical marketing activities in context of revised medical council of India code of ethics

Background: Pharmaceutical marketing activities are regarded as ethically challenging by most medical professionals. This study was planned to understand the extent of the interaction of pharmaceutical companies with healthcare providers & to determine the level of awareness about the ‘Medical Council of India (MCI) Code of Ethics’.Methods: A questionnaire based survey was conducted among 100 consultants and residents. The questionnaire mainly dealt with ethical issues about accepting free gifts, medicines and other sponsorships from pharmaceutical representatives, interactions and expectations from representatives of pharmaceutical companies by doctors and ascertaining among them the level of awareness about the MCI’s code of ethics.Results: 59.4% residents and 58.8% consultants do not consider small gifts (stationery/books/drug samples) as ethically problematic. 88% residents and 85% consultants felt that offers should be limited. 72% of consultants were aware of the revised MCI code of ethics as compared to 28% of residents.Conclusions: Most physicians do maintain a code of ethics with regards to accepting gifts and they felt that inexpensive gifts do not influence clinical judgment. Consultants were of the view that amended MCI code of ethics would not affect their clinical practice significantly

Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models of Lithium-ion Battery

Modelling helps us to understand the battery behaviour that will help to improve the system performance and increase the system efficiency. Battery can be modelled to describe the V-I Characteristics, charging status and battery’s capacity. It is therefore necessary to create an exact electrical equivalent model that will help to determine the battery efficiency. There are different electrical models which will be discussed and examined along with the benefits and demerits. A systematic comparison and analysis using simulation will help us to select an ideal model which will suit best to a specific application

Seismic Behaviour of Bridges Considering Soil-Structure Interaction

The soil-structure interaction has significant effect on seismic response of bridges in many situations. The choice of soil springs for response determination is an important consideration. This paper presents a comparative assessment of the seismic response of bridge substructure by four different types of frequency independent soil springs namely, Beredugo-Novak, Wolf, Bycroft-Parmelee and Terzaghi. The variation of equivalent weighted damping and equivalent seismic coefficient is also studied. The Terzaghi\u27s soil springs obtained by modulus of subgrade reaction approach are most flexible as compared to others. The responses are seen to be comparable with springs other than Terzaghi. The equivalent damping in higher modes is increased due to energy dissipation in soil. The codal provisions of equivalent seismic coefficient variation below scour level are generally unconservative

Disseminated tuberculosis presenting as chronic pancreatitis, a rare case report

Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) refers to concurrent involvement of at least two non-contiguous organ sites of the body, or involvement of the blood or bone marrow by tuberculosis process. Pancreatic TB is a rare manifestation of such a common disease possibly due to protective pancreatic enzymes. We described a case report of a patient who presented with chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic pseudocyst with empyema of left lung which intraoperatively was a psoas abscess which was managed by drainage of the abscess and Intercostal tube placement and thoracoscopic drainage of empyema and its adhesiolysis. Histopathology revealed tuberculous granulation tissue of psoas muscle biopsy and in thoracoscopic scrapings. Patient became symptomless since the surgery and initiation of anti-tubercular therapy

On the origin of the artesian groundwater and escaping gas at Narveri after the 2001 Bhuj earthquake

At Narveri, north of Khavada in the Great Rann of Kachchh, an outflow of groundwater continued even more than four months after the Bhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001, although at a considerably reduced rate compared to that immediately following the earthquake. Air or gas bubbling through the freshly oozing water has also been observed. We had collected a large number of samples from different parts of Gujarat, where post-earthquake groundwater outpourings were reported. Narveri, however, was the only site where the samples showed dissolved helium concentrations, significantly above the air equilibration value. Based on measurements of helium, radon, chloride, sulphate and sodium concentrations and temperature, we suggest that the flowing water and escaping gases at Narveri have a deep confined source with a reservoir age in excess of ~ 104 years

PDGF-driven proliferation, migration, and IL8 chemokine secretion in human corneal fibroblasts involve JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway

Purpose: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is associated with corneal fibroblast migration and proliferation and plays an important role in corneal wound healing. However, the intracellular mechanisms of PDGF-mediated functions in corneal fibroblasts are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that PDGF functional activities in the cornea involve the Janus kinase-2/signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (JAK2-STAT3) signaling pathway and whether PDGF induces the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), belonging to the novel family of feedback regulators of cytokine and growth factor activities. Methods: Human corneal fibroblast (HSF) cultures were used as an in vitro model for functional analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reactions were performed to quantify gene expression. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting techniques were used to measure protein expression. Cell growth, migration, and ELISA assays were used for functional validation. Results: Low endogenous levels of STAT3 and SOCS3 mRNA and protein expression were noted in HSFs. PDGF treatment of HSF significantly induced SOCS3 mRNA (3.0–4.5 fold) and protein (1.5–2.5 fold) expression in a timedependent manner. Similarly, PDGF treatment of HSF significantly increased STAT3 protein expression at two tested time points (2.5–2.96 fold). Cultures exposed to vehicle (control) did not show any change in SOCS3 and STAT3 mRNA or protein expression. An addition of AG-490, a selective inhibitor of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, significantly inhibited PDGF-mediated STAT3 induction and cell growth and migration in HSF. We also observed that PDGF induced interleukin-8 (IL8) chemokine secretion (2 fold) and AG-490 inhibited IL8 secretion. Conclusions: Our data showed that PDGF induced STAT3, SOCS3, and IL8 chemokine secretion in human corneal fibroblasts. Further, PDGF-induced cell growth, migration, and IL8 secretion in corneal fibroblast involve the JAK2- STAT3 signaling pathway