Evaluation of cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of a calcium aluminate-based endodontic material

A calcium aluminate-based endodontic material, EndoBinder, has been developed in order to reduce MTA negative characteristics, preserving its biological properties and clinical applications. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, pH, solubility and water sorption of EndoBinder and to compare them with those of white MTA (WMTA). Material and Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed through a multiparametric analysis employing 3T3 cells. Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus. (ATCC 25923) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10556) was determined by the agar diffusion method. pH was measured at periods of 3, 24, 72 and 168 hours. Solubility and water sorption evaluation were performed following ISO requirements. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test with a significance level of 5%. Results: EndoBinder and WMTA were non-cytotoxic in all tested periods and with the different cell viability parameters. There was no statistical differences between both materials (P>.05). All tested materials were inhibitory by direct contact against all microbial strains tested. EndoBinder and WMTA presented alkaline pH in all tested times with higher values of pH for WMTA (P.05). Conclusion: Under these experimental conditions, we concluded that the calcium aluminate-based endodontic material EndoBinder demonstrated suitable biological and physicochemical properties, so it can be suggested as a material of choice in root resorption, perforations and root-end filling221616

Evaluation of cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of a calcium aluminate-based endodontic material

A calcium aluminate-based endodontic material, EndoBinder, has been developed in order to reduce MTA negative characteristics, preserving its biological properties and clinical applications. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, pH, solubility and water sorption of EndoBinder and to compare them with those of white MTA (WMTA). Material and Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed through a multiparametric analysis employing 3T3 cells. Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus. (ATCC 25923) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10556) was determined by the agar diffusion method. pH was measured at periods of 3, 24, 72 and 168 hours. Solubility and water sorption evaluation were performed following ISO requirements. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey`s test with a significance level of 5%. Results: EndoBinder and WMTA were non-cytotoxic in all tested periods and with the different cell viability parameters. There was no statistical differences between both materials (P>;.05). All tested materials were inhibitory by direct contact against all microbial strains tested. EndoBinder and WMTA presented alkaline pH in all tested times with higher values of pH for WMTA (

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of phosphoric acid solution compared to other root canal irrigants

Phosphoric acid has been suggested as an irrigant due to its effectiveness in removing the smear layer. The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a 37% phosphoric acid solution to other irrigants commonly used in endodontics. The substances 37% phosphoric acid, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 2% chlorhexidine (solution and gel), and 5.25% NaOCl were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was tested against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Actinomyces meyeri, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella nigrescensaccording to the agar diffusion method. The cytotoxicity of the irrigants was determined by using the MTT assay. Phosphoric acid presented higher antimicrobial activity compared to the other tested irrigants. With regard to the cell viability, this solution showed results similar to those with 5.25% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine (gel and solution), whereas 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid showed higher cell viability compared to other irrigants. Phosphoric acid demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity similar to that of 5.25% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine (gel and solution).232158163CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP302575/2009-0Sem informação2009/53976-0; 2010/50817-5; 2011/09047-

Prevalence of oral injuries and salivary changes in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis: systematic review and meta-analysis

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether individuals with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing hemodialysis treatment have more salivary and oral mucosa alterations when compared to healthy individuals, through a systematic review followed by meta-analysis. A systematic literature review was performed, evaluating randomized clinical trials found in the Proquest, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Lilacs and Pubmed databases, using MeSH terms and other keywords. Initially, 40 articles were included in the study and, after reading the complete articles, only 15 clinical trials that analyzed oral lesions and salivary changes in patients with CRF undergoing hemodialysis treatment were eligible. Most of the clinical studies included were cross-sectional and composed of a study group and a control group. The mean age of participants in the study group was 50.19 years and in the control group, 48.95 years. The most common oral alterations found in the CRF group in relation to the control group were xerostomia, uremic breath, dysgeusia, coated tongue, gingival bleeding and pale mucosa. The salivary flow of patients with CRF was 46.6% lower than the control group. The salivary pH in the study group was also more alkaline when compared to the control group. Greater amounts of urea, phosphate, C-reactive protein and total proteins were found in the saliva of individuals with CRF. Individuals with CRF undergoing hemodialysis are more prone to changes in both the quantity and quality of saliva, as well as having a greater amount of oral changes

Prevalence of species of yellow, purple and green microbial complexes in endo-perio lesions: a systematic review

Abstract This review aimed to determine the prevalence of species of yellow, purple and green microbial complexes in root canals (RC) and periodontal pockets (PP) of teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions. For this purpose, two reviewers searched the literature up to January 2022. Studies reporting the prevalence of species of the yellow, purple and green microbial complexes in teeth diagnosed with endodontic-periodontal lesions were included. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the 14 criteria from the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Of 1,611 references identified in the initial search, only four studies were eligible and included in the qualitative analysis. The profile and prevalence rates of bacterial species in RC and PP varied among the included studies: levels of Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (12% RC, 58% PP), Capnocytophaga granulosa (10% RC, 35% PP), Capnocytophaga sputigena (15-70% RC, 0-30% PP), Streptococcus mitis (30% RC, 35% PP), Streptococcus sanguinis (30% RC, 35% PP), and Veillonella parvula (70% RC, 50% PP) were identified. The high methodological heterogeneity prevented grouping and quantitative analysis of data. The risk of bias was considered ‘moderate’ for all studies. The included studies identified the presence of seven bacterial species belonging to the yellow, purple, and green microbial complexes in RC and PP, but with different prevalence rates. Future clinical studies are encouraged to investigate the presence and role of these species in the occurrence and development of endodontic-periodontal lesions

Impact of an extension project on the disciple training for action in a hospital environment

The University's role is based on an interdisciplinary, educational, cultural, scientific and political process, promoting an interaction transforming not only the University, but also social sectors in which it interacts. Objective: (1) to describe the work accomplished and the experience acquired within a project of university extension of the health area entitled "Ambulatory of Oncological Dentistry"; (2) to explain the importance of dental care promoted by the project at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (HU/UFSC). Results: it was evidenced that the extension provides the exercise of multiprofessional and interdisciplinary action, giving a holistic view of the patient, far beyond their dental needs. Conclusion: Dental care promoted by the Ambulatory Oncology: Onco-hematology is essential for the comprehensive care of the cancer patient, as well as the additional technical and scientific training undergraduate project extension students receive. It is proposed that these practical activities be included in the curricular matrix of the course

Evaluation of cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of a calcium aluminate-based endodontic material

A calcium aluminate-based endodontic material, EndoBinder, has been developed in order to reduce MTA negative characteristics, preserving its biological properties and clinical applications. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, pH, solubility and water sorption of EndoBinder and to compare them with those of white MTA (WMTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cytotoxicity was assessed through a multiparametric analysis employing 3T3 cells. Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus. (ATCC 25923) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10556) was determined by the agar diffusion method. pH was measured at periods of 3, 24, 72 and 168 hours. Solubility and water sorption evaluation were performed following ISO requirements. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey`s test with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: EndoBinder and WMTA were non-cytotoxic in all tested periods and with the different cell viability parameters. There was no statistical differences between both materials (P>.05). All tested materials were inhibitory by direct contact against all microbial strains tested. EndoBinder and WMTA presented alkaline pH in all tested times with higher values of pH for WMTA (P<.05). Both materials showed values complying with the solubility minimum requirements. However, EndoBinder showed lower solubility than WMTA (P<.05). No statistical differences were observed regarding water sorption (P>.05). CONCLUSION: Under these experimental conditions, we concluded that the calcium aluminate-based endodontic material EndoBinder demonstrated suitable biological and physicochemical properties, so it can be suggested as a material of choice in root resorption, perforations and root-end filling

Incidência de dois canais radiculares em incisivos inferiores tratados endodonticamente por alunos da graduação : análise radiográfica, por microscopia óptica e diafanização

O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a presença do segundo canal em incisivos inferiores permanentes tratados endodonticamente pelos alunos da graduação da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP UNICAMP) através dos métodos radiográficos, clínicos (visual e com o auxílio do microscópio clínico) e da diafanização. Foram utilizados 132 incisivos inferiores (centrais e laterais) humanos extraídos com rizogênese completa e tratados endodonticamente. Os dentes foram radiografados de forma estandardizada e a análise radiográfica realizada com auxílio de um negatoscópio juntamente com uma lupa. Informações referente ao número de canais radiculares existentes, obturados ou não, foram anotadas. Posteriormente, foi realizada a remoção completa do selamento provisório existente, até que o material obturador estivesse visível com a iluminação do refletor, simulando assim, o tratamento in vivo. Nesse momento, a localização da possível presença de um segundo canal em todos os dentes da amostra foi realizada tanto visualmente, quanto com o uso do microscópio clínico e os dados registrados. Na sequência, os dentes foram diafanizados, sendo inicialmente descalcificados com ácido clorídrico 5% e depois realizada a desidratação progressiva através de escala ascendente de álcool. Em seguida, foram armazenados em salicilato de metila que, aumentou o grau de transparência e manteve o dente conservado por um longo período. Os dentes foram levados à lupa, as imagens capturadas e os dados analisados. Os resultados mostraram que a presença do segundo canal foi identificada radiograficamente em 3 dentes, cujos 2 canais foram obturados pelos alunos da graduação (2,2%) e em 21 dentes (15,8%), onde o 2º canal não foi obturado. Através do exame visual foi encontrado o 2º canal em 3 dentes (2,7%) e através do uso do microscópio clínico em 15 dentes (11,3%). Trinta e quatro dentes (25,9%) apresentaram o 2º canal após o processo de diafanização. Concluiu-se que o segundo canal em incisivos inferiores pode ser detectado com todos os métodos avaliados. Clinicamente, este é de mais fácil localização através do microscópio clínico, entretanto, in vitro, com maior confiança e reprodutibilidade pelo método de diafanização.The aim of this study was to was to identify the presence of the second canal in mandibular incisors endodontically treated by undergraduate students from the Piracicaba Dental School (FOP UNICAMP), using the radiographic and clinical (visual and with the clinical microscope) methods and the clearing technique. One hundred and thirty-two human extracted root-filled incisors (central and lateral) with complete root formation were used. The teeth were radiographed in a standardized way and the analysis performed with the aid of a lightbox with a loupe. Information regarding the number of existing canals, filled or not, were noted. After the radiographic examination, complete removal of temporary sealing was performed, until the filling material was visible using the light of the reflector, simulating the in vivo treatment. At this point, the location of the possible presence of a second canal in the sample was performed, both visually and using the clinical microscope. The data found were recorded. Following, the teeth were cleared, initially decalcified with 5% hydrochloric acid and then the progressive dehydration was performed using ascending scale of alcohol.Then the teeth were stored in methylsalicylate, in order to maintain the degree of transparency of the teeth and preserve them for a long time. Following the teeth were photographed and the images captured and analyzed. The second observer was present at all stages of the work. The results showed that the presence of the second canal was identified by the radiographic analysis in 3 teeth (2.2%) endodontically treated by the undergraduate students, and in 21 teeth (15,8%) untreated. Using the visual examination, the second canal was found in 3 teeth (2.7%) and in 15 teeth (11.3%) by using the clinical microscope. Thirty-four teeth (25,9%) presented the second canal after being made transparent. It was concluded that the second canal can be detected by all methods tested. Clinically, it is of easier location by means of the clinical microscope, however, in vitro, the clearing technique is more reliable and reproducible

Evaluation of the influence of influence of endodontic treatment in patients with periodontal chronic disease through microbiological analysis by PCR quantification of endotoxin and proinflammatory cytokines

Orientador: Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida GomesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: A doença periodontal crônica atinge as estruturas de suporte dos dentes e é uma das causas mais importantes da perda dos dentes em adultos. Essa doença de longa duração que não regride com a terapia, já pode ter causado uma alteração irreversível na polpa, mesmo quando clinicamente, responde de forma positiva aos testes de sensibilidade pulpar. Os lipopolissacarideos (LPS) presente nas paredes das bactérias Gram negativas e citocinas pró inflamatórias funcionam como fatores estimulantes para a resposta imune, causando destruição óssea e exacerbando o processo inflamatório. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência do tratamento endodôntico em pacientes com doença periodontal crônica, através da análise microbiológica por pcr, quantificação de endotoxinas e monitoramento de citocinas pró inflamatórias em bolsas periodontais e canais radiculares. Foram selecionados 15 dentes com envolvimento periodontal crônico e sensibilidade pulpar positiva. Após o preparo químico mecânico (PQM), os dentes foram divididos em três grupos: G1- sessão única (n=5); GII - Ca(OH)2 associado à clorexidina gel 2% (CHX-gel) (n=5); GIII - Ca(OH)2 + Solução salina (SS). Amostras foram coletadas em três diferentes momentos da terapia endodôntica: inicial, após PQM e após medicação intracanal (MIC) por 30 dias, através de cones de papéis apirogênicos/estéreis. Os microrganismos foram identificados através da técnica molecular do PCR simples (16S rDNA) com o uso de primers específicos para Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermédia, complexo vermelho (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia e Treponema denticola), Gemella morbillorum e Parvimonas micra. Para quantificação de endotoxina foi realizado o teste Lisado de Amebócito Limulus (LAL) e, para a quantificação de citocinas IL1 ?, IL1 ?, TNF ? e PGE2, foi utilizado o ensaio imunoenzimático ELISA. Os resultados mostraram que após 1 ano, dos 15 dentes tratados, 5 foram extraídos. Os outros 10 dentes apresentaram melhora no quadro clínico relacionada à profundidade de sondagem e mobilidade. Nas bolsas periodontais iniciais, pelo menos um dos microrganismos do complexo vermelho estiveram presentes em 12/15 amostras e os 3 juntos estiveram presentes em 6/15. Amostras do canal inicial mostraram a presença de Parvimonas micra e Fusobaterium nucleatum detectadas em 80% dos casos. Não houve associação entre as bactérias encontradas inicialmente nas bolsas e nos canais radiculares. Após o PQM e uso de MIC por 30 dias, houve redução do conteúdo microbiano em ambos os sítios. A concentração de endotoxinas nas bolsas periodontais iniciais foram altas (192,81 EU/mL), mas após o PQM, uma redução (19,65 EU/mL) significativamente estatística foi observada. Os canais radiculares apresentaram concentrações de endotoxinas quase nulas (0,1 EU/mL), sendo compatível com o estado pulpar e assim se manteve durante as outras coletas. Avaliando as medicações testadas, a redução de LPS nas bolsas apresentou melhores resultados com o uso do Ca(OH)2 associado à solução salina (p< 0,05). Houve redução de todas as citocinas pró inflamatórias, quando comparadas às coletas iniciais e após o uso da medicação das bolsas e dos canais, sendo esta estatisticamente significativa em relação a IL1? e TNF?. Não houve correlação positiva entre citocinas e endotoxinas nas bolsas periodontais. Conclui-se que o complexo vermelho está presente na doença periodontal e que a presença de uma medicação intracanal diminui a concentração do LPS e de citocinas inflamátorias nos canais radiculares e bolsas periodontaisAbstract: The chronic periodontal disease affects the supporting structures of the teeth and is a major cause of tooth loss in adults. This long-term illness that does not regress with therapy, may have already caused an irreversible change in the pulp, even when clinically responds to pulp sensitivity tests. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) present in the walls of gram negative bacteria and inflammatory cytokines act as factors for stimulating the immune response, causing bone destruction and increasing inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of endodontic treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis using microbiological analysis by pcr, endotoxin quantification and monitoring of inflammatory cytokines in periodontal pockets and root canals. Samples were taken from 15 teeth with chronic periodontal involvement and positive pulp sensitivity was selected. After chemical mechanical preparation (MCP), the teeth were divided into three groups: G1- one visit (n = 5), GII - Ca(OH)2 associated with chlorhexidine gel 2% (CHX-gel) (n = 5) ; GIII - Ca(OH)2 + saline solution (SS). Samples were collected at three different times in endodontic therapy: initial, after MCP and after intracanal medication (ICM) for 30 days, through paper cones apirogênics / sterile. The microorganisms were identified by PCR simple molecular technique (16S rDNA) by using specific primers for Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermédia, red complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia), and Parvimonas micras. For quantification of endotoxin was performed the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test and for the quantification of cytokines IL-1 ?, IL-1 ?, TNF ? and PGE2 was used ELISA immunoenzymatic assay. The results showed that after 1 year, 15 of the treated teeth, 5 were extracted. The other 10 teeth showed improvement related to probing depth and mobility. In the initial periodontal pockets, at least one of the microorganisms of the red complex were present in 12/15 samples and 3 together were present in 6/15. Canals samples showed the presence of Parvimonas micra and Fusobaterium nucleatum detected in 80% of cases. There was no association between the bacteria found in the pockets and root canals. After the CMP and use of ICM for 30 days, there was reduction of microbial content in both places. The initial endotoxin concentration in periodontal pockets were high (192.81 EU / ml), but after the CMP the reduction (19.65 EU / ml) was statistically significantly observed. Root canals showed low concentrations of endotoxin (0.1 EU / mL), being compatible with state of the pulp and maintained for other samples. Accordin the tested medications, reduction of LPS in the pockets showed better results with the use of Ca(OH)2 associated to saline solution (p <0.05). There was a reduction of all inflammatory cytokines when compared to the initial samples and after use of the dressing in pocktes and canals, being statistically significant in relation to IL1? and TNFa. There was no positive correlation between endotoxin and cytokines in periodontal pockets. In conclusion the red complex is present in the periodontal disease and that the presence of dressing decreases the concentration of inflammatory cytokines and LPS in root canals and periodontal pocketsMestradoEndodontiaMestra em Clínica Odontológic