Differential Susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Americas to Zika Virus

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-04-07T14:00:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thais_carneiro_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 845847 bytes, checksum: 9ed1df5a02392644975233438c1a5133 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-04-07T14:10:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thais_carneiro_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 845847 bytes, checksum: 9ed1df5a02392644975233438c1a5133 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T14:10:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thais_carneiro_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 845847 bytes, checksum: 9ed1df5a02392644975233438c1a5133 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Institut Pasteur. Arboviruses and Insect Vectors. Paris, France.Institut Pasteur. Arboviruses and Insect Vectors. Paris, France.Centre de Démoustication/Collectivité Territoriale de La Martinique. Fort-de-France, Martinique.Institut Pasteur of French Guiana. Unit of Medical Entomology, Cayenne, French Guiana.Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe. Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Environment and Health. Les Abymes, Guadeloupe.Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia. Dengue and Arboviruses Research and Expertise Unit. Nouméa, New Caledonia.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Institut Pasteur. Arboviruses and Insect Vectors. Paris, France.Background Since the major outbreak in 2007 in the Yap Island, Zika virus (ZIKV) causing dengue-like syndromes has affected multiple islands of the South Pacific region. In May 2015, the virus was detected in Brazil and then spread through South and Central America. In December 2015, ZIKV was detected in French Guiana and Martinique. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vector competence of the mosquito spp. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe), North America (southern United States), South America (Brazil, French Guiana) for the currently circulating Asian genotype of ZIKV isolated from a patient in April 2014 in New Caledonia. Methodology/Principal Findings Mosquitoes were orally exposed to an Asian genotype of ZIKV (NC-2014-5132). Upon exposure, engorged mosquitoes were maintained at 28°±1°C, a 16h:8h light:dark cycle and 80% humidity. 25–30 mosquitoes were processed at 4, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Mosquito bodies (thorax and abdomen), heads and saliva were analyzed to measure infection, dissemination and transmission, respectively. High infection but lower disseminated infection and transmission rates were observed for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Ae. aegypti populations from Guadeloupe and French Guiana exhibited a higher dissemination of ZIKV than the other Ae. aegypti populations examined. Transmission of ZIKV was observed in both mosquito species at 14 dpi but at a low level.Conclusions/Significance This study suggests that although susceptible to infection, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were unexpectedly low competent vectors for ZIKV. This may suggest that other factors such as the large naïve population for ZIKV and the high densities of human-biting mosquitoes contribute to the rapid spread of ZIKV during the current outbreak

The impact of the age of first blood meal and Zika virus infection on Aedes aegypti egg production and longevity

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-02-13T12:13:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelm_freitas_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 3358923 bytes, checksum: 5137946e57a3481695a57867265452f4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-02-13T12:26:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelm_freitas_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 3358923 bytes, checksum: 5137946e57a3481695a57867265452f4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-13T12:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelm_freitas_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 3358923 bytes, checksum: 5137946e57a3481695a57867265452f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Antwerp. Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Antwerp, Belgium.University of Antwerp. Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Antwerp, Belgium.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The impact of senescence and pathogen infection on Aedes aegypti life-history traits remains poorly understood. This laboratory study focused on the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and the age of first blood intake on blood meal and clutch sizes, and more importantly on the egg production ratio per μL of blood. Three groups of ZIKV-infected and uninfected Ae. aegypti females that received their first blood meal at 7 (young feeders), 14 (mature feeders) and 21 days old (old feeders) were monitored daily for survival and received a blood meal free of ZIKV once a week. The number of eggs laid per female were registered 3-4 days after blood feeding. Infection by ZIKV and age of feeding produced a strong negative impact on survival and oviposition success (e.g. likelihood of laying at least one egg per gonotrophic cycle). Interestingly, clutch size presented a dramatic reduction on uninfected mosquitoes, but raised from 36.5 in clutch1 to 55.1 eggs in clutch 3. Blood meal size remained stable in uninfected females, while a slight increase was observed for the infected counterparts. In uninfected Ae. aegypti, egg production was strongly affected by the age of feeding with younger females laying three times more eggs than when older. On the other hand, ZIKV-infected mosquitoes had a constant but low egg production. Overall, mosquito senescence and ZIKV infection had an impact on mosquito egg production by causing a sharp decrease in the number of eggs along the clutches for uninfected mosquitoes and a slight increase for infected mosquitoes. Despite some study limitations, our results contribute to a better understanding of the effects of mosquito aging and pathogen infection on the vectorial capacity of Ae. aegypti

The impact of the age of first blood meal and Zika virus infection on Aedes aegypti egg production and longevity

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-02-13T12:13:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelm_freitas_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 3358923 bytes, checksum: 5137946e57a3481695a57867265452f4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-02-13T12:26:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelm_freitas_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 3358923 bytes, checksum: 5137946e57a3481695a57867265452f4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-13T12:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelm_freitas_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 3358923 bytes, checksum: 5137946e57a3481695a57867265452f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Antwerp. Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Antwerp, Belgium.University of Antwerp. Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Antwerp, Belgium.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The impact of senescence and pathogen infection on Aedes aegypti life-history traits remains poorly understood. This laboratory study focused on the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and the age of first blood intake on blood meal and clutch sizes, and more importantly on the egg production ratio per μL of blood. Three groups of ZIKV-infected and uninfected Ae. aegypti females that received their first blood meal at 7 (young feeders), 14 (mature feeders) and 21 days old (old feeders) were monitored daily for survival and received a blood meal free of ZIKV once a week. The number of eggs laid per female were registered 3-4 days after blood feeding. Infection by ZIKV and age of feeding produced a strong negative impact on survival and oviposition success (e.g. likelihood of laying at least one egg per gonotrophic cycle). Interestingly, clutch size presented a dramatic reduction on uninfected mosquitoes, but raised from 36.5 in clutch1 to 55.1 eggs in clutch 3. Blood meal size remained stable in uninfected females, while a slight increase was observed for the infected counterparts. In uninfected Ae. aegypti, egg production was strongly affected by the age of feeding with younger females laying three times more eggs than when older. On the other hand, ZIKV-infected mosquitoes had a constant but low egg production. Overall, mosquito senescence and ZIKV infection had an impact on mosquito egg production by causing a sharp decrease in the number of eggs along the clutches for uninfected mosquitoes and a slight increase for infected mosquitoes. Despite some study limitations, our results contribute to a better understanding of the effects of mosquito aging and pathogen infection on the vectorial capacity of Ae. aegypti

Mosquito populations collected in the Caribbean and continental Americas.

<p>Mosquito populations collected in the Caribbean and continental Americas.</p

Viral infection (A), dissemination (B) and transmission (C, D) of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> TUB (Brazil) and <i>Aedes albopictus</i> VRB (United States), 14 days after oral exposure to with ZIKV.

<p>Error bars represent the confidence intervals (95%). The number of individuals analyzed is given in parentheses.</p

Repeated measures analysis (with hematin as the repeatedly measured variable) of the square-root of the blood meal size taken by <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> females.

<p>Repeated measures analysis (with hematin as the repeatedly measured variable) of the square-root of the blood meal size taken by <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> females.</p

Survival curves of three cohorts of <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> females infected with ZIKV and uninfected counterparts.

<p>Data based on the daily monitoring of survival of 500 <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> females: 300 YF, 100 MF and 100 OF. Half of mosquitoes per group was ZIKV-infected. Arrows indicate the day on which each group had it first blood meal.</p

Viral load in the <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> mosquitoes infected with ZIKV.

<p>A total of 18 mosquitoes was individually tested for the presence of ZIKV RNA copies with RT-PCR on days 14 (N = 10) and 21 (N = 8) post infection (dpi).</p

Average number of eggs laid by mosquitoes from the different treatment and age groups.

<p>Data based on the weekly observation of ZIKV-infected and uninfected mosquitoes.</p

Mosquito populations (A), viral infection (B), dissemination (C) at days 4 and 7 after challenge of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Aedes albopictus</i> from Continental America (Brazil and United States) with ZIKV provided at a titer of 10⁷ TCID₅₀/mL.

<p>30 mosquitoes were sampled each day. The error bars represent the confidence intervals (95%). The number of individuals analyzed is given in parentheses.</p