48 research outputs found
From Political Instrument to Protection Tool? Resettlement of Refugees and North-South Relations
Lacking a clear legal definition, the conceptualization and application of durable solutions have been highly influenced by statesâ interests that were often at odds with humanitarian concerns on refugee protection. During the Cold War resettlement was perceived as the preferred durÂable solution, although it was selectively applied to differÂent refugee crises in the South. With the asylum crisis in the 1980s and the end of the Cold War, a new agenda of containment emerged as Northern countriesâ interest in receiving refugees declined. During the 1990s voluntary repatriation emerged as a new preferred solution and there was an effort to redefine and adapt resettlement to a new context. This process focused on detaching resettlement from its previous political and immigration character and redefining it as an exclusive protection tool and instrument of international co-operation.Hence, resettlement in the post-Cold War era is characterized by depoliticization, a smaller number of beneficiaries, and geographic expansion. However, it is important to critically question whether such depoliticization has happened in fact, the reasons behind it, and its relation to North-South politics and containÂment strategies.Faute dâune dĂ©finition juridique claire, la conceptualisation et lâapplication de solutions durables Ă la rĂ©installation ont Ă©tĂ© fortement influencĂ©es par des intĂ©rĂȘts Ă©tatiques souvent en contradiction avec les prĂ©occupations humanitaires sur la protection des rĂ©fugiĂ©s. Durant la guerre froide, la rĂ©installation paraissait la solution durable la plus souhaitable, bien quâappliquĂ©e de façon ponctuelle aux diffĂ©rentes crises de rĂ©fugiĂ©s dans le Sud. Un nouveau programme de confinement apparaĂźt lors de la crise de lâasile des annĂ©es 1980 et la fin de la guerre froide quand diminue la volontĂ© des pays du Nord Ă accueillir les demandeurs dâasile. Le rapatriement volontaire apparaĂźt au cours des annĂ©es 1990 comme nouvelle solution de prĂ©fĂ©rence. On tente alors de redĂ©finir la rĂ©installation et de lâadapter au nouveau contexte. Ce processus est axĂ© sur une rupture de la rĂ©installation avec ses aspects politique et migratoire prĂ©cĂ©dents et sa redĂ©finition en tant quâoutil exclusif de protection et instrument de la coopĂ©ration internationale. Ainsi, la rĂ©installation Ă lâ Ăšre de lâaprĂšs-guerre froide se caractĂ©rise par la dĂ©politisation, la rĂ©duction du nombre de bĂ©nĂ©ficiaires et lâexpansion gĂ©ographique. Toutefois, il est essentiel de dĂ©terminer de façon critique si cette dĂ©politisation sâest rĂ©ellement faite, les raisons qui la sous-tendent et sa relation Ă la politique Nord-Sud et aux stratĂ©gies de confinement
Managing mobility for human development: the growing salience of mixed migration
In the analysis of migration a basic distinction is often made between those who chose to move and those who are forced to â that is, between âvoluntaryâ and âforcedâ migrants. This distinction is maintained in the policy world, where the governance of international migration is shaped by the conceptual distinction between âvoluntaryâ and âforcedâ migration as mutually exclusive categories. In reality of course the distinction is far from clear-cut. Migration can be âmixedâ in several senses: motivations may be mixed at the point of making the decision to move, when there are often combinations of choice and compulsion in play; people may travel with others in mixed migratory flows; motivations may change en route; and people may find themselves in mixed communities during their journeys or at their destination. This paper explores the connections between mixed migration and human development, understood as the expansion of capabilities and choice (Sen 1999). It first clarifies some of the key concepts in the migration discourse, particularly the role of choice and compulsion in migration, before exploring the emergence of the notions of âmixed migrationâ and the âmigration-asylum nexusâ in the policy arena. The paper then turns to some of the manifestations of âmixed migrationâ and the conditions migrants encounter in such migration streams. It next considers how mixed migration and migration policies â or âmigration governanceâ -- encounter one another. Finally, some policy conclusions are drawn from the evidence presented, pointing to the idea that the transnational practices that arise from mixed migration may constitute a âdurable solutionâ in settings of conflict and displacement.mixed migration, force and choice, refugees, migration policy, development
Managing Mobility for Human Development: The Growing Salience of Mixed Migration
In the analysis of migration a basic distinction is often made between those who chose to move and those who are forced to â that is, between âvoluntaryâ and âforcedâ migrants. This distinction is maintained in the policy world, where the governance of international migration is shaped by the conceptual distinction between âvoluntaryâ and âforcedâ migration as mutually exclusive categories. In reality of course the distinction is far from clear-cut. Migration can be âmixedâ in several senses: motivations may be mixed at the point of making the decision to move, when there are often combinations of choice and compulsion in play; people may travel with others in mixed migratory flows; motivations may change en route; and people may find themselves in mixed communities during their journeys or at their destination. This paper explores the connections between mixed migration and human development, understood as the expansion of capabilities and choice (Sen 1999). It first clarifies some of the key concepts in the migration discourse, particularly the role of choice and compulsion in migration, before exploring the emergence of the notions of âmixed migrationâ and the âmigration-asylum nexusâ in the policy arena. The paper then turns to some of the manifestations of âmixed migrationâ and the conditions migrants encounter in such migration streams. It next considers how mixed migration and migration policies â or âmigration governanceâ -- encounter one another. Finally, some policy conclusions are drawn from the evidence presented, pointing to the idea that the transnational practices that arise from mixed migration may constitute a âdurable solutionâ in settings of conflict and displacement.mixed migration, force and choice, refugees, migration policy, development
Speaking about and speaking for the Third World: representations of women's and girls' agency in child marriage discourses
Over the past two decades, child marriage has become an increasingly prominent issue in human rights and international development agendas. Prevailing child marriage discourses reveal the fetishization of issues affecting women and girls to demonstrate Third World backwardness. Mobilising key postcolonial feminist theory interventions on representation and agency, this thesis explores how the West speaks about and speaks for the Third World and unmasks the details of the global discourse production on child marriage. Using critical discourse analysis to locate child marriage within broader historical, institutional, and political contexts, I found that child marriage is constructed as a âThird World problemâ explained through culture and agency, conceptualised within liberal frameworks of choice and emancipation. Although it appears that the discursive production of Third World women and girls has moved from victim into heroic agent and that rescue was repackaged into empowerment, I argue that both representations perpetuate the colonial encounter and maintain the agency of Third World women and girls narrowly circumscribed to resistance. By questioning how âtraditional cultural practicesâ affecting women and girls are used to reinforce binaries of modern/traditional and oppression/resistance, this thesis contributes to postcolonial feminist theorising of representations of Third World women and girls and of their agency
Hybrid Approaches of Verbal Decision Analysis in the Selection of Project Management Approaches
AbstractDecision support methods aim at assisting in the decision-making process by simplifying the analysis of the problem and justifying the choice of a particular potential action. Recent researches have shown that the hybridization of methods is able to overcome limitations presented by the methods when applied separately: the classification of alternatives before submitting them to an ordination methodology would be an e ective way of filtering the set to be ordered. Specific Practices of Capability Maturity Model Integration were analyzed through a decision making model, assisted by the methods SAC and ZAPROS III-i. The results will be compared to previous studies
Managing mobility for human development: the growing salience of mixed migration
In the analysis of migration a basic distinction is often made between those who chose to move and
those who are forced to â that is, between âvoluntaryâ and âforcedâ migrants. This distinction is
maintained in the policy world, where the governance of international migration is shaped by the
conceptual distinction between âvoluntaryâ and âforcedâ migration as mutually exclusive
categories. In reality of course the distinction is far from clear-cut. Migration can be âmixedâ in
several senses: motivations may be mixed at the point of making the decision to move, when
there are often combinations of choice and compulsion in play; people may travel with others in
mixed migratory flows; motivations may change en route; and people may find themselves in
mixed communities during their journeys or at their destination. This paper explores the
connections between mixed migration and human development, understood as the expansion of
capabilities and choice (Sen 1999). It first clarifies some of the key concepts in the migration
discourse, particularly the role of choice and compulsion in migration, before exploring the
emergence of the notions of âmixed migrationâ and the âmigration-asylum nexusâ in the policy
arena. The paper then turns to some of the manifestations of âmixed migrationâ and the
conditions migrants encounter in such migration streams. It next considers how mixed migration
and migration policies â or âmigration governanceâ -- encounter one another. Finally, some
policy conclusions are drawn from the evidence presented, pointing to the idea that the
transnational practices that arise from mixed migration may constitute a âdurable solutionâ in
settings of conflict and displacement
Managing mobility for human development: the growing salience of mixed migration
In the analysis of migration a basic distinction is often made between those who chose to move and
those who are forced to â that is, between âvoluntaryâ and âforcedâ migrants. This distinction is
maintained in the policy world, where the governance of international migration is shaped by the
conceptual distinction between âvoluntaryâ and âforcedâ migration as mutually exclusive
categories. In reality of course the distinction is far from clear-cut. Migration can be âmixedâ in
several senses: motivations may be mixed at the point of making the decision to move, when
there are often combinations of choice and compulsion in play; people may travel with others in
mixed migratory flows; motivations may change en route; and people may find themselves in
mixed communities during their journeys or at their destination. This paper explores the
connections between mixed migration and human development, understood as the expansion of
capabilities and choice (Sen 1999). It first clarifies some of the key concepts in the migration
discourse, particularly the role of choice and compulsion in migration, before exploring the
emergence of the notions of âmixed migrationâ and the âmigration-asylum nexusâ in the policy
arena. The paper then turns to some of the manifestations of âmixed migrationâ and the
conditions migrants encounter in such migration streams. It next considers how mixed migration
and migration policies â or âmigration governanceâ -- encounter one another. Finally, some
policy conclusions are drawn from the evidence presented, pointing to the idea that the
transnational practices that arise from mixed migration may constitute a âdurable solutionâ in
settings of conflict and displacement
Captação de ĂrgĂŁos em um Hospital PĂșblico do Rio de Janeiro: o Impacto da Pandemia da COVID-19 / Organ Procurement in a Public Hospital in Rio de Janeiro: the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
Introdução: Ao final do ano de 2019, o mundo foi marcado pelo surgimento de uma misteriosa pneumonia causada por uma variação do coronavĂrus (SARS-CoV-2), que foi inicialmente detectado em Wuhan, na China. Por conseguinte, os serviços de saĂșde foram afetados em todo o mundo, sendo necessĂĄria a adaptação deles para que as atividades conseguissem se manter em nĂveis adequados, o que inclui a mudança no protocolo de captação e doação de ĂłrgĂŁos em diversas OrganizaçÔes de Captação de ĂrgĂŁos e Sociedades de Transplante.Objetivo: Delimitar como um novo protocolo de captação de ĂłrgĂŁos influencia, em dados quantitativos, o Hospital Municipal Souza Aguiar, um hospital pĂșblico de referĂȘncia no municĂpio do Rio de Janeiro e tambĂ©m na AmĂ©rica Latina.Metodologia: Foi feita uma busca ativa nas planilhas do centro cirĂșrgico do hospital, no perĂodo de 2014 a 2020, e um levantamento de dados quantitativos e qualitativos no PET (Programa Estadual de Transplante) acerca das captaçÔes realizadas.Resultado: Observou-se que, entre o perĂodo de 2015 a 2019, houve uma mĂ©dia de dez captaçÔes/ano, enquanto que em 2020 esse valor correspondeu Ă metade dos casos, sendo de apenas cinco captaçÔes.DiscussĂŁo: A disparidade de captaçÔes pode ser justificada pela adaptação do protocolo de captação de ĂłrgĂŁos e pelo manejo inadequado de potenciais doadores em leitos de terapia intensiva, uma vez que o nĂșmero de leitos ocupados por pacientes com a COVID-19 disparou nos primeiros meses da pandemia. AlĂ©m disso, foi observada uma ascensĂŁo no nĂșmero de pessoas na fila de espera para transplante de ĂłrgĂŁos a partir do ano de 2018.ConclusĂŁo: O presente estudo se torna um apelo para que mais polĂticas pĂșblicas sobre conscientização de doação de ĂłrgĂŁos sejam feitas. Apesar da COVID-19 ser o foco do momento, as questĂ”es de saĂșde pĂșblica nĂŁo podem ser negligenciadas, sendo a captação de ĂłrgĂŁos uma delas.Â
O Programa Criança Feliz e suas contribuiçÔes para o desenvolvimento da criança na primeira infùncia: apontamentos sobre o caso de Ribeirão Preto/SP
The objective of this study is to present some reflections about the âPrograma Criança Feliz - PCFâ and its contributions to the development of children in early childhood, having as reference the analysis of the experiences lived through the professional performance of the authors in the program in RibeirĂŁo Preto - SP. Based on the reflections constructed in this text, it is possible to present the work of the program in question, its methodology and theoretical basis, intersectoriality and its pertinence for the development of the child in early childhoodO trabalho aqui apresentado tem como objetivo realizar reflexĂ”es acerca do Programa Criança Feliz - PCF e as contribuiçÔes para o desenvolvimento da criança na primeira infĂąncia, tendo como referĂȘncia a anĂĄlise das experiĂȘncias vivenciadas atravĂ©s da atuação profissional dos autores no referido programa em RibeirĂŁo Preto â SP e como metodologia a anĂĄlise bibliogrĂĄfica acerca dos assuntos abordados. A partir das reflexĂ”es construĂdas neste texto, Ă© possĂvel apresentar o trabalho do programa em pauta, sua metodologia e fundamentação teĂłrica, intersetorialidade e sua pertinĂȘncia para o desenvolvimento da criança na primeira infĂąncia
Classificação de risco: fatores de baixa complexidade que interferem no atendimento do enfermeiro
The aim was to analyze the low-complexity external factors that interfere in the care provided by the risk classification nurse. This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach, based on a semi-structured interview conducted with nurses from the risk classification unit of a Municipal Hospital of the Unified Health System, being a reference as the largest in urgent and emergency care in Latin America. Twelve nurses who worked directly in this sector were interviewed, of which three refused to respond to the interview. Of the nine respondents, there was a predominance of females with eight people, followed by marital status, six married, and five aged 40 years or over, in the profession, five worked between 6 and 9 years, and six performed their activities in the period daytime. It is concluded that failure in primary care was cited as the main external factor of low complexity that causes overcrowding in the emergency unit.Objetivou-se analisar os fatores externos de baixa complexidade que interferem no atendimento do enfermeiro da classificação de risco. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e exploratĂłrio de abordagem qualitativa, a partir de entrevista semiestruturada realizado com enfermeiros da unidade de classificação de risco de um Hospital Municipal do Sistema Ănico de SaĂșde, sendo referĂȘncia como o maior em atendimento de urgĂȘncia e emergĂȘncia da AmĂ©rica Latina. Entrevistou- 12 enfermeiros que atuavam diretamente neste setor, desses, trĂȘs recusaram responder a entrevista. Dos nove entrevistados, predominou o sexo feminino com oito pessoas, seguido de estado civil seis casados, e cinco com idade igual ou superior a 40 anos, no tempo de profissĂŁo, cinco atuavam entre 6 e 9 anos, e seis exerciam suas atividades no perĂodo diurno. Conclui-se que a falha na Atenção PrimĂĄria foi citada como o principal fator externo de baixa complexidade que causa superlotação da unidade de emergĂȘncia