Avaliação da assistência pré-natal realizada na atenção primária: estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte gestativa

Objetivos: avaliar a adequação da assistência pré-natal na atenção primária, classificar o pré-natal com os parâmetros de adequabilidade e determinar os fatores associados à assistência pré-natal das gestantes estudadas. Método: estudo analítico transversal realizado com 205 gestantes em dez unidades básicas de saúde, em São Luís- MA. As variáveis qualitativas foram apresentadas por meio de frequências absolutas e percentuais. Resultados: Na variável idade, houve predomínio da faixa etária entre 21-30 anos (49,44%).  A variável raça/cor, a maior prevalência foi para as gestantes que se auto declararam pardas/outros 99 (55,62%), com prevalência menor  para 6 consultas realizadas. Na variável benefícios pagos pelo governo, a maior prevalência, 110  (61,80%) deu-se para gestantes que os recebiam. Em relação ao estado civil, (76,97%) eram gestantes que possuíam companheiro, com prevalência menor para 6 consultas realizadas, 137 (76,97%). Quanto à escolaridade, houve predomínio de gestantes com ensino médio (68,18%). Em relação ao início do pré-natal, (66,85%) iniciaram o pré- natal. À prescrição do ferro após início do pré-natal houve maior prevalência em gestantes que faziam uso 124 (69,66%). Maior prevalência também se apresentou para as gestantes que realizaram os seguintes exames: exame preventivo do câncer de colo uterino, 147 (82,58%), sistema ABO-RH 129 (72,47%), Hemograma completo 121 (68,75%), e glicemia em jejum no primeiro trimestre, 107 (60,11%). Quanto ao exame anti-HIV, a maior prevalência foi para as gestantes que não realizaram o exame 103 (57,87 %). Ao exame veneral disease research laboratory, a maior prevalência foi para as gestantes que o realizaram 120 (67,42%). Ao exame dos elementos anormais de sedimento, maior prevalência foi observada em gestantes que o realizaram 122 (68,54%). Quanto à vacinação de influenza nas gestantes, maior prevalência foi para as que não foram vacinadas 104 (58,43%). Para a vacina antitetânica prévia, a maior prevalência foi para as gestantes que não receberam o imunizante 108 (60.67%). Vacina contra hepatite B, apresentou maior prevalência para as gestantes que receberam o imunizante 95 (53,37%). Foi mais prevalente as gestantes que não apresentaram sintomas, com diagnóstico e sem diagnóstico negativo para covid-19, 117 (65,73%). Conclusão: O estudo permitiu analisar que a qualidade da assistência pré-natal nas unidades de saúde onde foram realizadas o estudo, foi insatisfatória para alguns indicadores, visto que a prevalência foi menor que 6 consultas realizadas.Objectives: to assess the adequacy of prenatal care in primary care, to classify prenatal care according to the parameters of adequacy and to determine the factors associated with prenatal care in the pregnant women studied. Method: an analytical cross-sectional study of 205 pregnant women in ten basic health units in São Luís, MA. The qualitative variables were presented using absolute and percentage frequencies. Results: In the age variable, there was a predominance of the 21-30 age group (49.44%).  In the race/color variable, the highest prevalence was for pregnant women who declared themselves brown/other 99 (55.62%), with a lower prevalence for 6 consultations performed. With regard to the government benefits variable, the highest prevalence, 110 (61.80%), was for pregnant women who received them. Regarding marital status, 76.97% were pregnant women who had a partner, with a lower prevalence for 6 consultations, 137 (76.97%). As for schooling, there was a predominance of pregnant women with a high school education (68.18%). With regard to the start of prenatal care, 66.85% started prenatal care. With regard to the prescription of iron after starting prenatal care, there was a higher prevalence of pregnant women who used it (69.66%). Prevalence was also higher among pregnant women who underwent the following tests: cervical cancer screening, 147 (82.58%), ABO-RH system 129 (72.47%), complete blood count 121 (68.75%), and fasting blood glucose in the first trimester, 107 (60.11%). As for the anti-HIV test, the highest prevalence was for pregnant women who had not undergone the test, 103 (57.87%). With regard to the venereal disease research laboratory, the highest prevalence was among pregnant women who had undergone the test, 120 (67.42%). The highest prevalence of abnormal sediment elements was observed in pregnant women who underwent the test, 122 (68.54%). As for influenza vaccination among pregnant women, the highest prevalence was among those who had not been vaccinated 104 (58.43%). The highest prevalence of previous tetanus vaccination was among pregnant women who had not received the vaccine, 108 (60.67%). Hepatitis B vaccination was more prevalent among pregnant women who had received the vaccine 95 (53.37%). Pregnant women with no symptoms, with a diagnosis and without a negative diagnosis for Covid-19 were more prevalent, 117 (65.73%). Conclusion: The study allowed us to analyze that the quality of prenatal care in the health units where the study was carried out was unsatisfactory for some indicators, since the prevalence was less than 6 consultations

Prevalência do papilomavírus humano (HPV) em Belém, Pará, Brasil, na cavidade oral de indivíduos sem lesões clinicamente diagnosticáveis

Trata-se de um estudo transversal com o objetivo de verificar a prevalência do HPV na cavidade oral de indivíduos sem lesões clinicamente diagnosticáveis e quais são os tipos encontrados neles. Foram analisadas 166 amostras em pacientes maiores de 18 anos de idade, residentes no Estado do Pará, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas por meio de raspado com escova estéril na cavidade oral. Para a detecção da presença do HPV, foi utilizada a técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). As amostras infectadas pelo HPV foram tipadas para HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52 e 58. Os resultados encontrados indicaram a presença de HPV em 40 amostras (24,1%). Três amostras (7,5%) foram positivas para HPV 6; cinco (12,5%), para HPV 18; e uma (2,5%), para HPV 58

Uma perspectiva psicossocial da sintomatologia depressiva na adolescência A psychosocial perspective of depressive symptoms in adolescence

Este trabalho objetivou apreender as representações sociais (RS) da depressão entre adolescentes inseridos no contexto do ensino médio. Participaram 222 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos (53% masculino e 47% feminino), com idades entre 14 e 19 anos, que cursavam da primeira a terceira série do ensino médio. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: inventário de Beck para medir depressão (BDI), que serviu de screening na seleção da amostra, sendo o ponto de corte utilizado de 17. Os adolescentes que obtiveram este somatório foram convidados a participar do segundo momento do estudo, no qual foram aplicados os testes de associação livre de palavras com os estímulos indutores: depressão, pessoa deprimida e eu mesmo, posteriormente as entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Verificou-se que os adolescentes ancoraram suas RS da depressão como sinônimo de dor, mágoa, infelicidade, ódio, morte, desânimo, angústia, solidão e choro. As RS elaboradas pelos atores sociais desta pesquisa revelaram uma similitude com a concepção/descrição, tal como descreve a nosologia psiquiátrica. A partir desses resultados, pretende-se, além de compreender o sofrimento provocado pela sintomatologia depressiva, contribuir para uma melhor qualidade de vida desses adolescentes.<br>This study aimed at understanding the social representations (SR) of depression among adolescents on high school level. Two hundred and twenty-two (222) adolescents of both sexes (53% male and 47% female), aged between 14 and 19 years and attending the first, second and third grades of high school participated in the study. The instruments used were: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for selecting the sample, using 17 as a cut point. The adolescents who achieved this score were invited to participate in the second part of this study consisting of semi-structured interviews and application of Free Association Tests with the stimulus words: depression, depressed person and me. It was verified that the adolescents anchored their SR of depression as synonym for pain, grief, misfortune, hatred, death, discouragement, anxiety, solitude and tears. The SR elaborated by the social actors of this study revealed a similarity with the conception/description, as described in psychiatry. The purpose of this study besides helping to understand the suffering provoked by depressive symptoms is to contribute to a better quality of life of these adolescents

Effectiveness of first-wave protease inhibitors in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection: a multicenter study in Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: In 2013, combination therapy using peginterferon, ribavirin, and boceprevir or telaprevir was introduced to treat hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in Brazil. The effectiveness of this therapy in four Brazilian regions was evaluated. METHODS: Clinical and virological data were obtained from patients of public health institutions in five cities, including sustained virological response (SVR) and side effects. Patients with advanced fibrosis (F3/4), moderate fibrosis (F2) for > 3 years, or extra-hepatic manifestations were treated according to Ministry of Health protocol. Treatment effectiveness was verified by using bivariate and multivariate analysis; p-values of < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Of 275 patients (64.7% men; average age, 57 years old), most (61.8%) were treatment-experienced; 53.9% had subgenotype 1a infection, 85.1% had advanced fibrosis, and 85.5% were treated with telaprevir. SVR was observed in 54.2%. Rapid virological response (RVR) was observed in 54.6% of patients (data available for 251 patients). Overall, 87.5% reported side effects and 42.5% did not complete treatment. Skin rash, severe infection, and death occurred in 17.8%, 2.5%, and death in 1.4% of cases, respectively. SVR was associated with treatment completion, RVR, and anemia. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of hepatitis C virus triple therapy was lower than that reported in phase III clinical trials, possibly owing to the prioritized treatment of patients with advanced liver fibrosis. The high frequency of side effects and treatment interruptions observed supported the decision of the Brazilian authorities to suspend its use when safer and more effective drugs became available in 2015

Effectiveness of first-wave protease inhibitors in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection: a multicenter study in Brazil

<div><p>Abstract INTRODUCTION: In 2013, combination therapy using peginterferon, ribavirin, and boceprevir or telaprevir was introduced to treat hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in Brazil. The effectiveness of this therapy in four Brazilian regions was evaluated. METHODS: Clinical and virological data were obtained from patients of public health institutions in five cities, including sustained virological response (SVR) and side effects. Patients with advanced fibrosis (F3/4), moderate fibrosis (F2) for > 3 years, or extra-hepatic manifestations were treated according to Ministry of Health protocol. Treatment effectiveness was verified by using bivariate and multivariate analysis; p-values of < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Of 275 patients (64.7% men; average age, 57 years old), most (61.8%) were treatment-experienced; 53.9% had subgenotype 1a infection, 85.1% had advanced fibrosis, and 85.5% were treated with telaprevir. SVR was observed in 54.2%. Rapid virological response (RVR) was observed in 54.6% of patients (data available for 251 patients). Overall, 87.5% reported side effects and 42.5% did not complete treatment. Skin rash, severe infection, and death occurred in 17.8%, 2.5%, and death in 1.4% of cases, respectively. SVR was associated with treatment completion, RVR, and anemia. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of hepatitis C virus triple therapy was lower than that reported in phase III clinical trials, possibly owing to the prioritized treatment of patients with advanced liver fibrosis. The high frequency of side effects and treatment interruptions observed supported the decision of the Brazilian authorities to suspend its use when safer and more effective drugs became available in 2015.</p></div