HEMANGIOMAS E HEMANGIOSSARCOMAS EM CÃES: ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO DE 192 CASOS (2002-2014)

O hemangioma e o hemangiossarcoma são neoplasias mesenquimais originárias do endotélio vascular e o cão é o animal doméstico mais frequentemente acometido. Os registros do Laboratório de Patologia Animal do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia de 2002 a 2014 foram revisados. Os dados epidemiológicos e a frequência de cães com diagnóstico de hemangioma e hemangiossarcoma foram verificados e estatisticamente comparados. Foram identificados 64 casos de hemangioma e 128 casos de hemangiossarcoma. Para os hemangiomas, não houve diferença na frequência de acordo com sexo e raça. Quanto à localização, os hemangiomas não viscerais foram os mais frequentes em relação aos viscerais. As cadelas e animais adultos e idosos foram frequentemente acometidos por hemangiossarcoma, assim como a raça Pitbull. Os hemangiossarcomas apresentaram predominantemente tamanho médio e localização cutânea, ou seja, não visceral. Palavras-chave: cão; endotélio vascular; neoplasia

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as an alternative treatment in canine mast cell tumor

The current gold standard treatment for canine mast cell tumors (MCT) uses vinblastine sulfate (VBL) as chemotherapy, although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have recently been shown to be worthy candidates for treatment. This systematic review aimed to analyze the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and complete (CR) or partial response (PR) in dogs with MCT treated with TKI compared to standard VBL treatment. The systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) database under the identifier 10.17605/OSF.IO/WYPN4 (https://osf.io/). An electronic search was performed in nine databases. References from eligible studies were also selected to find more registers. A total of 28 studies met the eligibility criteria, and one more was recovered from the references of eligible studies, totaling 29 selected studies. The overall response rate, complete response, and partial response were higher in dogs treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors than in dogs treated with vinblastine. The overall survival and progression-free survival of vinblastine-treated dogs were higher compared to tyrosine kinase inhibitors-treated dogs. Dogs with mutated KIT treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors have longer overall survival and progression-free survival compared to those treated with vinblastine. It is important to consider the limitation of the study which should temper the interpretation of the results, videlicet, the extracted data lacked sample standardization and included variables such as animal characteristics, mutation detection methods, tumor characteristics, and treatment types which may have influenced the outcome of the study.Systematic review registrationhttps://osf.io/, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WYPN4

Molecular detection of canine herpesvirus-1 (cahv-1) in bitches with history of reproductive disorders from southeast Brazil

Canine herpesvirus-1 (CaHV-1) is known to cause reproductive disorders and fatal infections in puppies, and may also be found in asymptomatic dogs or related to vaginal vesicular lesions, ocular infections and respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was investigate the ocurrence of CaHV-1 using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) within urine samples, ocular and vaginal swab samples from Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Twenty mature bitches, with at least one estrous and reproductive disorders history and/or symptoms were used. Two out of twenty dogs (10%) were positive in the urine and ocular swab samples, respectively, one with pyometra diagnosis and another one healthy with history of stillbirth. No positive results were detected within vaginal swab samples. Sequence analysis of the DNA polymerase gene of the positive samples indicated 100% identity with the sequence of the four CaHV-1 strains selected from Genbank. These findings suggest that positive dogs might be CaHV-1 latent carriers. Additionally, the results confirm the presence of CaHV-1 circulating within urban canine population of Uberlândia, MG. This is the first report that a CaHV-1 infection has been detected in the Southeast Brazil.Mestre em Ciências VeterináriasO Herpesvírus canino tipo 1 (CaHV-1) está associado a desordens reprodutivas e mortalidade neonatal, podendo ser encontrado em cães saudáveis assintomáticos ou associado a manifestações clínicas variadas como lesões vesiculares genitais, infecções oculares e doença respiratória. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar a presença do CaHV-1, através da reação em cadeia de polimerase (PRC), em amostras de urina e em swab ocular e vaginal de cadelas na cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram utilizadas 20 cadelas com histórico ou sinais de desordens reprodutivas. Dois animais apresentaram resultado positivo na PCR (10%) nas amostras de urina e secreção ocular, respectivamente, um diagnosticado com piometra e outro saudável e histórico de natimortalidade. Todas as amostras de secreção vaginal foram negativas. No sequenciamento de DNA as amostras positivas apresentaram 100% de similaridade de nucleotídeos com outras quatro cepas de CaHV-1 já descritas e depositadas no Genbank. Os cães positivos na PCR no presente estudo provavelmente eram portadores de infecção latente. A detecção do DNA viral nas amostras avaliadas confirma a presença do CaHV-1 na população canina do município de Uberlândia. Trata-se da primeira detecção molecular do agente na região sudeste do Brasil

Use of Interrupted Time Series Analysis in Understanding the Course of the Congenital Syphilis Epidemic in Brazil

To fight against the rising incidence of syphilis, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) launched the “Syphilis No!” Project (SNP), with specific resources funded by a parliamentary amendment. Then, in 2018, a national rapid response started to be implemented on the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde) in two strategic lines (1) to reinforce SUS's universal actions and (2) to implement specific ones to 100 municipalities chosen by the MoH as priorities for syphilis congenital response. In 2015, such localities represented 6895% of congenital syphilis cases in Brazil. In this context, SNP has implemented actions to strengthen epidemiological surveillance of acquired syphilis and congenital syphilis by instituting an integrated and collaborative response through health services networks and reinforcing interstate relations. Methods: A quasi-experimental study using time series analysis was conducted to assess immediate impacts and changes to the trend in national congenital syphilis before and after the project, from September 2016 to December 2019. Data were assessed considering rates of congenital syphilis per 1,000 live births in all priority municipalities (n=100) covered by the project and in non-priority municipalities (n=5,470) from all five macro-regions of Brazil. Findings: Priority municipalities showed a greater reduction (change in trend) in comparison to non-priority. The linear regression model revealed trend changes after the intervention, with both groups of municipalities showing a drop in the average monthly number of cases per 1,000 live births, with a reduction of -0·21 (CI 95% -0·33 to -0·09; p=0·0011) in priority municipalities and of -0·10 (CI 95% -0.19 to -0.02; p=0·0216) in non-priority municipalities. Interpretation: The study using ITS provides important evidence on the direction, timing, and magnitude of the effects of interventions introduced as part of the SNP on congenital syphilis in Brazil. Our results suggest that the Syphilis No! Project influenced the trends of congenital syphilis in Brazil from 2018, with higher reductions achieved in the priority municipalities. Funding: The research is funded by a grant to the Syphilis No! Project from Brazilian Ministry of Health (Project Number: 54/2017). The funders had no role in study design, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript