Ett projekt om barns skönlitterära läsning

I detta projekt om barns skönlitterära läsning undersöks det om man kan öka barns läslust genom att göra dem delaktiga i en skapandeprocess av en bok. Projektet baseras på barnens egna tankar och idéer. Genom att göra intervjuer med barn i åldrarna 7-8 år ville jag komma fram till vad barn helst vill läsa om och därefter skriva och illustrera en barnbok. När boken sedan var färdig fick barnen läsa den, säga vad de tyckte och svara på ifall de hade börjat läsa mer om de fick vara med i skapandeprocessen av böcker. Resultatet visade sig vara att barnen blev inspirerade och vill gärna skriva och illustrera sina böcker själva men att det förmodligen inte skulle öka deras lust att läsa. Att arbeta med skapandeprocessen av en bok i undervisningen visade sig istället vara ett bra sätt att få eleverna att inspireras till att tänka, skriva och illustrera sina egna böcker. Boken som är en stor del av projektet finns med i projektredovisningen som bilaga i form av pdf-fil.In this project about children’s fiction reading it has been examined if you can increase children’s inclination for reading by involving them in the creating process of a book. The project is based on children’s thoughts and ideas. By doing interviews with children in ages 7-8, I wanted to find out more about what children likes to read and then write and illustrate a children’s book. When the book was finished the children got to read it and make opinions on it. They also answered to the question if they would have been reading more if they were involved in creating processes of books. The result turned out to be that children were inspired to write and illustrate books but they would probably not read more. To work with a creating process of a book in school teaching were instead shown to become a good way to get the students inspired to think, write and illustrate their own books. The book is a part of the project and will be found in the project report as a pdf-file

Visbys zoological secondary school collection : A study of a zoological school collection

I denna studie har den zoologiska skolsamlingen från f.d. Visby läroverk undersökts. Syftet var att utreda hur den har förvaltats genom historien och vad den har för pedagogisk betydelse idag. Detta för att belysa de undervisningsideal i skolan och naturvetenskapsundervisningen som har påverkat och fortfarande påverkar samlingen. Undersökningen har utförts genom en litteraturstudie, en intervju och platsbesök till magasinet och museet där samlingen nu förvaltas.  Undersökningen har visat att samlingen som startades år 1829 vid Visby läroverk idag i majoritet förvaltas av Gotlands Museum. Sedan 1985 har den omhändertagits av naturantikvarier, men innan detta förvaltades den av framförallt lärare och adjunkter. Det sista dokumenterade förvärvet som hittats var under 1950-talet. Under denna tid tycks samlingsförvaltningen ha blivit bristfällig. Stora mängder utländskt material donerades under 1800-talet, medan accessioner under 1900-talet framför allt bestod av lokala arter. Samlingen är idag ett pedagogiskt verktyg för att förmedla kunskap inom skol-och-undervisningshistoria. Den är ett dokument över Gotlands natur och kultur. Idag används den i utställningar för att sprida information om såväl naturvetenskap som kulturhistoria och etnologi.In this study the zoological school collection from the former Visby läroverk has been analyzed. The purpose is to examine how it has been managed historical and what pedagogic significance it has today. This is done  to illustrate the pedagogic ideals in schools and natural science teaching that have affected and continues to affect the collection. This has been studied through a literature study, an interview and a visit to the museum storage building and the museum where the collection now is managed. The study has shown that the collection that started in 1829 at Visby läroverk is today in majority cared for by Gotland’s Museum. Since 1985 it has been managed by nature conservators, but before this it has been cared for by mostly teachers and assistant professors. The last documented acquisition was during the 1950s. During this time the care of the collection seems to have been insufficient. A lot of foreign material was donated during the 1800s, but acquisitions during the 1900s was primarily of local breeds. Today the collection is a pedagogical tool for imparting knowledge in school and teaching history. It is a document of the nature and culture of Gotland. Today it is used in exhibitions to spread information about natural science, cultural history and ethnology

Visbys zoological secondary school collection : A study of a zoological school collection

I denna studie har den zoologiska skolsamlingen från f.d. Visby läroverk undersökts. Syftet var att utreda hur den har förvaltats genom historien och vad den har för pedagogisk betydelse idag. Detta för att belysa de undervisningsideal i skolan och naturvetenskapsundervisningen som har påverkat och fortfarande påverkar samlingen. Undersökningen har utförts genom en litteraturstudie, en intervju och platsbesök till magasinet och museet där samlingen nu förvaltas.  Undersökningen har visat att samlingen som startades år 1829 vid Visby läroverk idag i majoritet förvaltas av Gotlands Museum. Sedan 1985 har den omhändertagits av naturantikvarier, men innan detta förvaltades den av framförallt lärare och adjunkter. Det sista dokumenterade förvärvet som hittats var under 1950-talet. Under denna tid tycks samlingsförvaltningen ha blivit bristfällig. Stora mängder utländskt material donerades under 1800-talet, medan accessioner under 1900-talet framför allt bestod av lokala arter. Samlingen är idag ett pedagogiskt verktyg för att förmedla kunskap inom skol-och-undervisningshistoria. Den är ett dokument över Gotlands natur och kultur. Idag används den i utställningar för att sprida information om såväl naturvetenskap som kulturhistoria och etnologi.In this study the zoological school collection from the former Visby läroverk has been analyzed. The purpose is to examine how it has been managed historical and what pedagogic significance it has today. This is done  to illustrate the pedagogic ideals in schools and natural science teaching that have affected and continues to affect the collection. This has been studied through a literature study, an interview and a visit to the museum storage building and the museum where the collection now is managed. The study has shown that the collection that started in 1829 at Visby läroverk is today in majority cared for by Gotland’s Museum. Since 1985 it has been managed by nature conservators, but before this it has been cared for by mostly teachers and assistant professors. The last documented acquisition was during the 1950s. During this time the care of the collection seems to have been insufficient. A lot of foreign material was donated during the 1800s, but acquisitions during the 1900s was primarily of local breeds. Today the collection is a pedagogical tool for imparting knowledge in school and teaching history. It is a document of the nature and culture of Gotland. Today it is used in exhibitions to spread information about natural science, cultural history and ethnology

The performance of a natural treatment system for landfill leachate with special emphasis on the fate of organic pollutants

A natural treatment system for the treatment of leachate was Studied at Moskogen landfill in southern Sweden. This facility consists of three consecutive ponds and a soil-plant (SP)system. A test area, receiving water from the third pond with the same hydraulic load as the SP-systern, was Used for estimation of the latter system. Quality parameters including biochemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, ammonium, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total suspended solids along the treatment line were determined as well as Soluble metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Pb). In addition a thorough investigation along the treatment tine has also been performed concerning volatile organic Compounds and semi-volatile organic Compounds. Non-polar organic compounds were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Quantification was based on the assumption of equal response for the compounds found in comparison with the chosen marker Substances. For polar, water-soluble Compounds the measurements were restricted to phenolic compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography. Several different types of organic compounds were found in the raw leachate including aromatics, benzene-sulfonamides, biphenyls, naphthalene, organic phosphates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phenols and phthalates. The treatment system efficiently reduced organic Pollutants, heavy metals, and nitrogen/phosphorous compounds. Most metals and organic compounds in the leachate were already significantly reduced to a low level in the treatment ponds and ammonium-N was efficiently transformed to nitrate-N in the SP-system

Development of a combined solid-phase extraction-supercritical fluid extraction procedure for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in wastewater

A combined solid-phase extraction (SPE)-supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) procedure was developed for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wastewater. The importance of cleaning and drying the filters and SPE-disks prior to eluting PCBs with SFE was studied, leading to improved recoveries for all congeners investigated. The average PCB recovery of the final procedure, at a concentration of 18 ng/L in reagent water, was 101% with relative standard deviations ranging from 1 to 5% for the different congeners. Spiked leachate to a final concentration of 4 ng/L was extracted directly after spiking, or after 24 h of spiking. An average recovery of 112% was obtained in the direct extraction of spiked leachate

No association between level of vitamin D and chronic low back pain in Swedish primary care: a cross-sectional case-control study

Objective: Assessment of vitamin D levels and deficiency status in individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) in a Swedish general population, compared with controls matched for sex and age. Design: Cross-sectional case-control study. Setting: Primary care, southern Sweden. Subjects: Participants (n = 44) with self-reported low back pain for at least 3 months and individually sex- and age-matched controls without a chronic pain condition (n = 44), recruited from the general population by random letter of invitation. Main outcome measure: Association between vitamin D level and CLBP when adjusting for possible confounders in a multivariate forward conditional logistic regression model. Results: Mean S-25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 81 and 80 nmol/L in the CLBP and control group, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was low and similar in the CLBP group and the control group. Vitamin D level was not associated with CLBP when potential confounders were taken into account. Conclusions: No difference in vitamin D levels between participants with CLBP and matched controls could be demonstrated in the present sample. Assessment of vitamin D level and deficiency status may be of questionable value in the management of CLBP in primary care settings at similar latitudes, unless there are additional risk factors for deficiency or specific indicators of osteomalacia. Key Points Vitamin D deficiency is common and reported in many chronic pain conditions, including chronic low back pain (CLBP), but evidence for an association and causality is insufficient. The present study found no association between vitamin D levels and CLBP in a case-control sample of 44 + 44 individuals from the Swedish general population. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was low and comparable in individuals with CLBP and controls without chronic pain, matched for sex and age. Assessment of vitamin D status, for the purpose of finding and treating an underlying cause of pain, may be of limited value in the management of CLBP in primary care settings at similar latitudes

Exposure to Metalworking Fluid Aerosols and Determinants of Exposure

Metalworking fluid (MWF) aerosols are associated with respiratory disorders including asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The aims of this study were to describe exposure to inhalable MWF aerosols and volatile compounds in machine shops, to estimate the influence of important determinants of exposure and to compare different sampling techniques for MWF aerosols. Personal full-shift air samples of inhalable aerosol (PAS-6 sampler) and total aerosol (open-faced sampler) were collected on operators in five medium to big-sized machine shops in three companies. The filters were analysed gravimetrically and extracted by supercritical fluid extraction for MWF aerosol and triethanolamine content. In addition, personal measurements were taken for formaldehyde and volatile compounds on adsorbent samplers. Continuous dust measurements were performed with a real-time instrument (DataRAM) during 2 h periods, using 1-min average values. In total, 95 measurements of inhalable aerosol and extracted MWF aerosols on 51 operators were conducted. Within the companies, the average exposure to inhalable aerosol ranged from 0.19 to 0.25 mg m(-3) with geometric standard deviations from 1.56 to 1.79. On average, the extracted fraction of MWF aerosol was 67% of the inhalable aerosol concentration. The exposure levels of triethanolamine, formaldehyde and volatile compounds were generally low. About 45% of the between-worker variance could be explained by use of compressed air, lack of complete enclosure of machines or grinding as cutting task. In 21 workers with continuous aerosol measurements, short-term peak exposures during 6% of the work time contributed to similar to 25% of the average concentration of inhalable MWF aerosol. Inhalable MWF aerosol concentration measured with the PAS-6 sampler was a factor 2 higher than the concentrations derived from the open-faced sampler. These findings suggest that control measures, such as full enclosure of machines and the elimination of the use of compressed air as cleaning technique, are required to reduce the exposure to MWF aerosols to levels below the expected threshold for adverse respiratory health effects