Declaração Internacional sobre o Direito ao Cuidado Nutricional e a Luta contra a Desnutrição

  Faced with the need to promote the right to nutritional care, to fight against malnutrition and to advance in education and research in clinical nutrition, all the FELANPE’s societies signed on May 3 during an extraordinary assembly in the city of Cartagena, the International Declaration on the Right to Nutritional Care and the fight against Malnutrition, “Declaration of Cartagena”. The Declaration provides a coherent framework of thirteen principles which can serve as a guide for societies, schools and associations affiliated to FELANPE in the development of action plans. In addition, it will serve as an instrument to promote, through governments, the formulation of policies and legislation in the field of clinical nutrition. We believe that the general framework of principles proposed by the Declaration can contribute to raise awareness about the magnitude of this problem and to forge cooperation networks among Latin-American countries. Although this Declaration does not have a binding legal effect, it has undeniable moral force and can provide practical guidance to States. We will then be contributing to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals which aim to put an end to all forms of malnutrition by 2030.Frente a la necesidad de promover el derecho al cuidado nutricional, de luchar contra la malnutrición y de avanzar en temas de educación e investigación en nutrición clínica, las sociedades que constituyen la FELANPE firmaron la Declaración Internacional sobre el Derecho al Cuidado Nutricional y la lucha contra la Malnutrición, “Declaración de Cartagena”, en la asamblea extraordinaria que tuvo lugar el 3 de mayo del presente año en la ciudad de Cartagena. La Declaración proporciona un marco coherente de trece principios los cuales podrán servir de guía a las sociedades, los colegios y las asociaciones afiliadas a la FELANPE en el desarrollo de los planes de acción. Además, servirá como un instrumento para que promuevan, a través de los gobiernos, la formulación de políticas y legislaciones en el campo de la nutrición clínica. Consideramos que el marco general de principios propuesto por la Declaración puede contribuir a crear conciencia acerca de la magnitud de este problema y a forjar redes de cooperación entre los países de la región. Aunque esta Declaración no tiene un efecto jurídico vinculante (obligatorio), tiene una fuerza moral innegable y puede proporcionar orientación práctica a los Estados. Estaremos entonces contribuyendo a alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de Naciones Unidas que buscan, para 2030, poner fin a todas las formas de malnutrición.  Confrontados com a necessidade de promover o direito à assistência nutricional, para combater a desnutrição e favorecer o progresso na educação e na pesquisa em nutrição clínica, todas as companhias membros da FELANPE em data do 3 de maio 2019 numa reunião extraordinária, na cidade de Cartagena, reconhecem e suscrivem à Declaração Internacional sobre o Direito à Nutrição e o combate à desnutrição, “Declaração de Cartagena”. A Declaração fornece uma estrutura coerente de treze princípios que podem servir como um guia para sociedades, escolas e associações afiliadas à FELANPE no desenvolvimento de planos de ação. Além disso, servirá como instrumento para promover, através dos governos, a formulação de políticas e legislação no campo da nutrição clínica. Acreditamos que a estrutura geral de princípios proposta pela Declaração pode contribuir para aumentar a conscientização sobre a magnitude desse problema e forjar redes de cooperação entre os países da região. Embora esta Declaração não tenha um efeito legal vinculante, tem força moral inegável e pode fornecer orientação prática aos Estados. Vamos então contribuir para alcançar os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Nações Unidas que visam, até 2030, pôr fim a todas as formas de desnutrição

Discriminatory Mass De-housing and Low-Weight Births: Scales of Geography, Time, and Level

Struening et al.1 demonstrated a widening disparity of low birthweight (LOB) rates among New York City health areas from 1980–1986, clearly a dynamic process. In contrast, the New York City Department of Health reported static citywide LOB rate in 1988–2008.2 Struening et al.1 is extended here at the health district level with mapping and regression analyses. Additionally, birthweight data are reported for babies born in 1998–2001 to a group of African-American and Dominican women in Upper Manhattan. The data reported in this paper indicate that both fetal programming of the mother herself (life course model) and stress during or shortly before pregnancy may play a role in LOB. Current stress may arise from past events. Intergenerational effects, thus, could arise from stresses on the grandmother and their residual impacts on the mother as well as new stresses on the mother as an adult. The average weight of babies born to the Upper Manhattan mothers who were born in 1970–1974 was 3,466 g, with 1.6% below 2,500 g; that of babies of mothers born in 1975–1979, 3,320 g, with 6% below 2,500 g. The latter group was born during the 1975–1979 housing destruction. Intergenerational impacts of that event may be reflected in this elevated rate of LOB. Health district maps of LOB incidence ranges show improvement from 1990–2000 and then deterioration in 2005 and 2008. Bivariate regressions of socioeconomic (SE) factors and LOB incidence showed many strong associations in 1990; but by 2000, the number and strength of these associations declined. In 1990, 2000, and 2008, black segregation was the SE factor most strongly associated with LOB. Black segregation and murder rate explained about 85% of the pattern of 1990 LOB. Regressing the 1970–1980 percent population change against the SE factors showed effects even in 2000. The 1990 murder rate and 1989 percentage of public assistance explained over half the 2008 LOB incidence pattern. The housing destruction of the 1970s continued to influence LOB incidence indirectly in 2008. The ability of community and individual to cope with current stressors may hinge on resilience status, which is shaped by past events and circumstances. The present interacts with the past in many ways. Serial displacement exemplifies this interaction of immense importance to public health