Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Bacillus cereus in Foods and Human Stool Samples in and Around Pantnagar, Uttrakhand

.A total number of 63 samples out of 505 samples were found to be positive for Bacillus cereus. The positive samples comprised of 29 samples of human stool, 10 of milk, 23 of meat and meat products origin. These positive isolates were tested against 13 different commonly used antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Antibiogram pattern of these 63 isolates indicated multidrug resistance. B. cereus isolates showed a high rate of resistance to Carbenicillin, Kanamycin and Ampicillin and intermediate frequency of resistance to Amoxicillin and Cephalothin. All the isolates irrespective of their source were resistant to Bacitracin and Penicillin G and sensitive to Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin, Neomycin and Streptomycin) and Chloramphenicol. However, variable resistance patterns were also recorded in B. cereus isolates obtained from different origin, which is suggestive of source-associated resistance. It can be inferred from the above study that presence of multidrug resistant B. cereus in animal-origin food and environment in such high proportion is of public health significance

Comparative evaluation of caudal tramadol and fentanyl when mixed with bupivacaine in paediatric age group

Background: A caudal block is commonly performed block for postoperative analgesia pediatric surgeries. Duration can be enhanced by addition drugs like fentanyl, tramadol, clonidine midazolam etc to local anesthetics helps in decreasing the requirement of postoperative analgesics. This study was conducted to assess the analgesic efficacy of tramadol or fentanyl when mixed with bupivacaine in pediatric patients for surgeries below the umbilicus.Methods: Fifty children of ASA I and ASA status, between 2 to 12 years of age, of both sexes underwent elective surgeries below umbilicus were selected and randomly divided into groups of 25 each. One Group, T (n = 25) received 0.75 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with tramadol 1mg/ kg and other Group F (n = 25) received 0.75 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with Inj fentanyl 1μg/kg. Assessment of analgesia and any side effects after caudal injection to the first administration of analgesia were recorded for both the groups in next 24 hours following objective pain scores. Duration of analgesia and requirement of additional rescue analgesics was noted.Results: The Mean duration of analgesia recorded longer in Group T (18.26±6.1 hours) as compared to Group F (10.0+/- 2.68 hrs.) and no significant haemodynamic changes or adverse effect noted between 2 groups.Conclusions: Addition of tramadol, 1mg/kg to bupivacaine 0.25% for caudal anesthesia in children undergoing surgeries below umbilicus, enhances and prolongs postoperative analgesia compared to caudal fentanyl 1μg/kg and bupivacaine 0.25% alone

Discomfort, Pressure Distribution and Safety in Operator's Seat-A Critical Review

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is an Invited Paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 5 (2003): H. Dhingra, V. Tewari, and S. Singh. Discomfort, Pressure Distribution and Safety in Operator's Seat-A Critical Review. Vol. V. July 2003

Comparative phytochemical composition and antimicrobial potential of leaf and twig extracts of Ginkgo biloba L. from India

Antimicrobial potential of leaf and twig extracts of Himalayan gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba L. has been determined by agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods respectively. Strains of five Gram positive bacteria were used as test organisms. Plant extract were prepared in different organic solvents (methanol, hexane and DCM). All plant extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all these tested bacterial strains. Methanolic extract of leaf and twig, and hexane leaf extract of G. biloba showed maximum activity against E. coli with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 2.01, 2.53 and 2.97 mg/mL, respectively

Denoising ECG Signal Using DWT with EAVO

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death across the world, and traditional methods for determining cardiac health are highly invasive and expensive. Detecting CVDs early is critical for effective treatment, yet traditional detection methods lack accessibility, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness – leaving patients with little hope of taking control of their own cardiac health. Noisy ECG signals make it difficult for health practitioners to accurately read and determine heart health. Unreliable readings can lead to misdiagnosis and needless expense. Despite the importance of ECG analysis, traditional methods of signal denoising are inefficient and can produce inaccurate results. This means that medical practitioners are struggling to obtain reliable readings, leaving them unable to accurately treat their patients and leading to a lack of confidence in the medical field. The Enhanced African Vulture Optimization (AVO) algorithm with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) optimized by adaptive switching mean filtration (SMF) is proven to provide accurate denoising of the ECG signal. With this reliable method, medical professionals can quickly and accurately diagnose patients. Obtaining accurate ECG signals and interpreting them quickly is a challenge for healthcare professionals. Not only it takes a lot of time and skill but also requires specialized software to interpret the signals accurately. Healthcare professionals are facing a serious challenge when it comes to obtaining accurate ECG signals and interpreting them quickly. It requires them to spend extra time and effort, as well as specialize in the field with expensive software. Time is of the essence in healthcare and ECG readings can mean the difference between life and death. Specialized software can be expensive and time-consuming for those who don't have the resources or expertise. Our easy-to-use platform allows healthcare professionals to quickly interpret ECG signals, saving time, money, and lives! Get accurate readings. The EAVO algorithm and MIT-BIH dataset provide an effective solution to this problem. With the proposed filter built using EAVO, businesses can attain significant enhancements in reliable parameters and obtain accurate testing results in terms of SNR, MD, MSE and NRMSE