Economic data for management and their analysis: modern challenges and transformational changes

Стратегічно важливою частиною управління суб’єкта господарювання виступають об’єктивно сформовані економічні дані щодо усіх рівнів діяльності підприємства. Метою статті є обґрунтування засад формування оптимальної системи економічних даних для процесу аналізу рівня управління та можливостей його покращення у конкурентному середовищі. Проведено дослідження сутності облікової інформації, що дозволило здійснити обґрунтування показників аналізу управлінської діяльності суб’єкта господарювання. Запропоновано послідовність кроків формування облікової інформації, які передбачають охоплення усіх рівнів діяльності підприємства та її узагальнення у певні проміжки часу. Сформовано систему показників для проведення аналізу управління, які безпосередньо розраховуються на основі облікової інформації та стосуються внутрішнього середовища функціонування суб’єкта господарювання. В перспективі для удосконалення аналізу та підвищення рівня адекватності його результатів можуть бути використані зовнішні показники. Останні слід брати з даних статистичних збірників. При цьому доцільним є обрання показників, що характеризують найсуттєвіші фактори впливу на рівень розвитку підприємства в конкурентному середовищі. Запропоновано економічні дані для проведення аналізу управління суб’єктом господарювання з урахуванням усіх рівнів фінансово-господарської діяльності. Обґрунтовано необхідність введення екологічної складової у процес оцінки рівня управління, що дозволить раціоналізувати розподіл доходів підприємства з метою покращення довкілля. Запропоновано доповнити економічні дані щодо оцінювання управління суб’єкта господарювання показникам, які є індивідуальними для конкретного суб’єкта господарювання та встановлюються його керівництвом. Даний підхід дозволить провести точніше оцінювання та розробити дієві заходи з розвитку підприємства і підвищення ефективності його діяльності, в тому числі управлінської. Також це дасть змогу оперативніше запобігати кризовим ситуаціям і забезпечить кращу стабільність розвитку підприємства.A strategically important part of the management of a business entity is objectively formed economic data on all levels of the enterprise's activity. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the principles of the formation of an optimal system of economic data for the process of analyzing the level of management and the possibilities of its improvement in a competitive environment. In the article, a study of the essence of accounting information was carried out, which made it possible to substantiate the indicators of the analysis of the management activity of the business entity. A sequence of steps for the formation of accounting information is proposed, which provide for the coverage of all levels of the enterprise's activity and its generalization in certain time intervals. A system of indicators for conducting management analysis has been formed, which are directly calculated on the basis of accounting information and relate to the internal environment of the business entity. In the future, external indicators can be used to improve the analysis and increase the level of adequacy of its results. The latter should be taken from the data of statistical collections. At the same time, it is appropriate to choose indicators that characterize the most significant factors influencing the level of development of the enterprise in a competitive environment. Economic data are offered for conducting an analysis of the management of a business entity, taking into account all levels of financial and economic activity. The work substantiates the need to introduce an ecological component into the process of assessing the level of management, which will allow rationalizing the distribution of the company's income in order to improve the environment. It is proposed to supplement the economic data regarding the assessment of the management of the economic entity with indicators that are individual for a specific economic entity and are established by its management. This approach will make it possible to carry out a more accurate assessment and develop effective measures for the development of the enterprise and increase the efficiency of its activities, including management. It will also make it possible to prevent crisis situations more quickly and ensure better stability of the company's development

Management of small business entities

The purpose of the study is to identify the factors influencing the management of the activity of small businesses and to provide recommendations for its development through the resolution of crisis issues that prevent businesses from achieving strategic prospects and stable profits. The main factors for reducing the effectiveness of small businesses have been identified on the basis of the results of the questionnaire survey of one level of managers (small business directors), which should be taken into account in the formation of strategic management decisions and long-term development strategies. It is found that many of the factors are subject to managerial influence, which minimizes the negative impact on the performance of small business entities. The hypothesis that the main tool for stimulating small business development remains the state has confirmed with the help of research, but there is an urgent objective need to identify other factors that influence the activities of small businesses that impede their development and lead to closure. The study suggests that only a balance between the internal environment of small businesses and the regulatory framework of the state will allow them to work effectively in market conditions and provide the national economy with money. The authors present a position on the organization of a small business entity management system that reflects the links between processes and events in a market environment. The presented approach takes into account a number of elements of influence on a small business when forecasting its development in a strategic perspective. The results of the study showed that it is necessary to clearly identify the tasks at each stage of development of a small business entity, to form alternative models of its development by looking for ways to optimize activities and opportunities to avoid possible risks

ANALYSIS OF RISKS IN THE FINANCIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF BUSINESS ENTITIES

Financial and economic activity is exposed to numerous systemic risks, which are a threat to the financial security of enterprises. The criterion for ensuring financial security is the appropriate level of the company's financial condition. The financial condition of the enterprise is a complex concept and is characterized by the system of indicators – financial coefficients: indicators of liquidity, financial stability, business activity, and management efficiency. The interrelationship and mutual determination between the indicators that cause the occurrence of risk when one of them changes is established. A range of factors that comprehensively characterize the financial and economic activity of the enterprise has been determined and developed risk analysis and assessment methodology, which includes the following stages: preparatory stage; construction of an algorithm for quantitative assessment of risk in the financial security system; interpretation of the results of an integrated risk assessment in the financial security system; determining the priorities of risk management in the system. The methods of financial analysis (horizontal, vertical, coefficient, analysis of business activity and financial stability) were applied and a quantitative assessment of risks was carried out. The indicators-coefficients of the enterprise's functioning are calculated and given an interpretation. The conclusion was formed that the construction of an effective risk management system and its universal functional component of risk analysis are current issues, as they allow to develop a set of measures to minimize threats and risks of conducting financial and economic activities of economic entities. Therefore, the correct assessment of risk with the help of the proposed methods and models of financial analysis for individual economic situations and business entities is effective and has value, as it gives the opportunity to make the optimal decision in specific situations and characterizes the criterion feature of financial security of industrial enterprises – liquidity, financial stability, business activity, profitability

Management of small business entities

The purpose of the study is to identify the factors influencing the management of the activity of small businesses and to provide recommendations for its development through the resolution of crisis issues that prevent businesses from achieving strategic prospects and stable profits. The main factors for reducing the effectiveness of small businesses have been identified on the basis of the results of the questionnaire survey of one level of managers (small business directors), which should be taken into account in the formation of strategic management decisions and long-term development strategies. It is found that many of the factors are subject to managerial influence, which minimizes the negative impact on the performance of small business entities. The hypothesis that the main tool for stimulating small business development remains the state has confirmed with the help of research, but there is an urgent objective need to identify other factors that influence the activities of small businesses that impede their development and lead to closure. The study suggests that only a balance between the internal environment of small businesses and the regulatory framework of the state will allow them to work effectively in market conditions and provide the national economy with money. The authors present a position on the organization of a small business entity management system that reflects the links between processes and events in a market environment. The presented approach takes into account a number of elements of influence on a small business when forecasting its development in a strategic perspective. The results of the study showed that it is necessary to clearly identify the tasks at each stage of development of a small business entity, to form alternative models of its development by looking for ways to optimize activities and opportunities to avoid possible risks