Investigating the Moderating Impact of National Culture in Information Systems Security Policy Violation: The Case of Italy and Ethiopia

Information systems security (ISS) has become one of the top agendas of companies located in the developed world. Despite this fact, there is an increasing trend in the types and frequency of ISS breaches. Most of the time researchers and practitioners focus on threat that are caused by external agents while most of the threats are originated from insiders. In addition to this, the majority of the investments and researches around ISS are limited to technically oriented solutions. It is now realized that the technical approach alone couldn’t bring the required level of ISS, and this led ISS researchers to embark on socio-technical approaches. One of the critical social factors that has been given little emphasis is culture. Thus, this research investigates the impact of national culture on employees’ ISS behaviour. Specifically, it answers the question “what is the moderating impact of national culture on the influence of ISS countermeasures on employees’ intention to violate ISS policies?” We will develop and test an empirical ISS compliance model, using rational choice theory and national culture constructs. Survey will be used to collect data from Italy and Ethiopia

2-[2-(2-Pyrid­yl)eth­yl]isoindolinium perchlorate

In the title salt, C15H17N2 +·ClO4 −, the isoindoline N atom is protonated and an intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, N—H⋯O and numerous weak C—H⋯O inter­actions occur between the cation and anion. The O atoms of the perchlorate anion are disordered over four sets of sites with occupancies of 0.438 (4), 0.270 (9), 0.155 (8) and 0.138 (5)

5G Radio Access Networks Enabling Efficient Point-to-Multipoint Transmissions

© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.[EN] The first release of 5th Generation (5G) technology from 3rd Generation Project Partnership (3GPP) Rel'15 has been completed in December 2018. An open issue with this release of standards is that it only supports unicast communications in the core network and Point-To-Point (PTP) transmissions in the Radio Access Network (RAN), and does not support multicast/broadcast communications and Point-To-Multipoint (PTM) transmissions, which are 3GPP system requirements for 5G applications in a number of vertical sectors, such as Automotive, Airborne Communications, Internet-of-Things, Media & Entertainment, and Public Warning & Safety systems. In this article, we present novel mechanisms for enhancing the 5G unicast architecture with minimal footprint, to enable efficient PTM transmissions in the RAN, and to support multicast communications in the Rel'15 core as an in-built delivery optimization feature of the system. This approach will enable completely new levels of network management and delivery cost-efficiency.This work was supported in part by the European Commission under the 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership project "5G-Xcast: Broadcast and Multicast Communication Enablers for the Fifth Generation of Wireless Systems" (H2020-ICT-2016-2 call, grant 761498). The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the project.Säily, M.; Barjau, C.; Navrátil, D.; Prasad, A.; Gomez-Barquero, D.; Tesema, FB. (2019). 5G Radio Access Networks Enabling Efficient Point-to-Multipoint Transmissions. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine. 14(4):29-37. https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2019.2936657S293714

(Acetonitrile)[bis­(2-pyridylmeth­yl)amine]bis­(perchlorato)copper(II)

In the title compound, [Cu(ClO4)2(C12H13N3)(C2H3N)], the CuII atom is six-coordinate in a Jahn–Teller distorted octahedral geometry, with coordination by the tridentate chelating ligand, an acetonitrile mol­ecule, and two axial perchlorate anions. The tridentate ligand bis­(2-pyridylmeth­yl)amine chelates meridionally and equatorially while an acetonitrile mol­ecule is coordinated at the fourth equatorial site. The two perchlorate anions are disordered with site occupancy factors of 0.72/0.28. The amine H is involved in intra­molecular hydrogen bonding to the perchlorate O atoms and there are extensive but weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions

CHARACTERISATION OF MULTIVARIATE TRAITS IN SWAZI INDIGENOUS GOATS

Swazi goats from two different regions in Swaziland kept in communal systems were characterised based on phenotypic measurements. Objective measurements for 200 goats included body weight (BW), abdominal circumference (AC), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), face length (FL), neck circumference (NC), neck length (NL), rump height (RH) and height at withers (HW), while qualitative traits included coat colour, coat texture and presence or absence of horns. Seven coat colours were observed across both regions. Goats with straight coat texture (82%), short hair length (68%) and with horns (84%) were predominantly more. Goats in Manzini region had the lower BW, AC, BL and CC (51.77±1.32, 61.77±1.32, 62.49±0.66, 57.96±1.18) than Shiselweni goats (53.09±1.01, 71.09±1.00, 73.67±0.94, 53.83±0.90). The study provided a reference for phenotypic and genetic diversity for Swazi goats useful for designing genetic strategies for improved production, food security and sustainable utilisation

(m-Phenyl­enedimethyl­ene)diammonium p-nitro­phenyl­phosphate perchlorate

The title compound, C8H14N2 2+·C12H8N2O8P−·ClO4 −, was formed by the reaction of α,α-bis-m-xylenediamine and sodium bis-p-nitro­phenyl­phosphate in the presence of Zn(ClO4)·6H2O in methanol solution. The two amine groups of the m-xylenediammonium ion are each protonated and each hydrogen-bonded to two O atoms of the phosphate anion, which acts as a 1,3-bridge. The ammonium groups are arranged matched face to face and each pair is doubly bridged by two perchlorate ions through hydrogen bonding. In addition, there are also weak C—H⋯O inter­actions. Both the N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O inter­actions are contained in a channel down the a axis. The perchlorate oxygen atoms are disordered over two positions with site occupancy factors of ca 0.7 and 0.3

[(6-Methyl-2-pyridylmeth­yl)(2-pyridylmeth­yl)amine][(2-pyridylmeth­yl)amine]copper(II) bis­(perchlorate)

The title compound, [Cu(C6H8N2)(C13H15N3)](ClO4)2, is a mixed ligand complex with the CuII atom coordinated by (6-methyl-2-pyridylmeth­yl)(2-pyridylmeth­yl)amine, acting as a tridentate ligand, and 2-(2-amino­meth­yl)pyridine, as a bidentate ligand, leading to an N5 square-pyramidal geometry. The amine H atoms are involved in hydrogen bonding to the perchlorate O atoms and there are extensive but weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions in the crystal structure. The perchlorate ions are each disordered over two positions, with site occupancies of 0.601 (8):0.399 (8) and 0.659 (11):0.341 (11)

High erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli among humans and chickens in Africa

Human Campylobacter spp. enteritis is a common bacterial foodborne illness globally. C. jejuni and C. coli are implicated: chickens are carriers of these bacteria without showing clinical symptoms. The burden of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter is increasing worldwide. However, there are limited data on the extent of antimicrobial resistance in Africa. Objective: This review aimed to estimate the pooled magnitude of antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. Materials and methods: To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Checklist. Literature search used relevant terms and phrases combined using the Boolean operators. The databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Hinnari, and Google were used to find relevant articles. All necessary data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format by two individuals independently. A quality assessment of selected articles was made using Newcastle–Ottawa scale adapted for cross sectional studies. Result: A total 12 studies were identified by this systematic review and meta-analysis. Of 1,142 isolates documented in the papers, 858 (75.1%) were C. jejuni and 284 (24.9%) were C. coli. We found C. jejuni showed lowest resistance level (21.2%) to ciprofloxacin and highest resistance level to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(78.2%) whereas C. coli showed lowest resistance level (18.3%) to ciprofloxacin and highest level of resistance (82.7%) to azithromycin. The overall pooled magnitude of erythromycin resistance C. jejuni and C. coli among in human and chicken subjects was 51.0% and 54.0%, respectively. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis found high pooled magnitude of erythromycin resistant C. jejuni and C. coli among isolates from both humans and chickens in Africa. More One Health research is needed to give a clear picture on antimicrobial resistance and transmission dynamics of Campylobacter spp. in Africa, covering both humans and poultry