Learning Impact Evaluation of the serious game "Cultural Awareness – Afghanistan Pre-deployment"

Attention to human factor in conducting any type of military/security operations is currently an objective of utmost importance in the context of troop training within NATO. To this purpose, a number of serious games were developed, addressing different aspects of cultural awareness and correctness in approaching human beings during a mission. A significant example is "Afghanistan Pre-deployment – Cultural Awareness", a serious game widely adopted in NATO Defense Schools to support pre-deployment training of troops for the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) missions in Afghanistan. In the context of GALA, the European Network of Excellence on Serious Games, the Romanian National Defense University (MAN) and NATO-STO CMRE conducted a user study particularly focused on the learning impact of this serious game. The study was first run in parallel on different typologies of players (soldier trainees at MAN; and civilian/military staff at CMRE) in order to get different perspectives in the game test and evaluation; results of respective analyses were compared, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this type of serious game as a learning tool. A preliminary correlation study was conducted between users' perception of the game and their respective background and level of engagement

The Development of SONAR as a Tool in Marine Biological Research in the Twentieth Century

The development of acoustic methods for measuring depths and ranges in the ocean environment began in the second decade of the twentieth century. The two world wars and the “Cold War” produced three eras of rapid technological development in the field of acoustic oceanography. By the mid-1920s, researchers had identified echoes from fish, Gadus morhua, in the traces from their echo sounders. The first tank experiments establishing the basics for detection of fish were performed in 1928. Through the 1930s, the use of SONAR as a means of locating schools of fish was developed. The end of World War II was quickly followed by the advent of using SONAR to track and hunt whales in the Southern Ocean and the marketing of commercial fish finding SONARs for use by commercial fisherman. The “deep scattering layer” composed of invertebrates and fish was discovered in the late 1940s on the echo sounder records. SONARs employing high frequencies, broadband, split beam, and multiple frequencies were developed as methods for the detection, quantification and identification of fish and invertebrates. The study of fish behavior has seen some use of passive acoustic techniques. Advancements in computer technology have been important throughout the last four decades of the twentieth century

Evaluation of selected faecal bacterial groups in dogs suffering from cardiovascular diseases

Gastrointestinal dysbiosis has been associated to different diseases of the GI tract (in both man and animals), but also to pathological conditions related to other organs and apparatuses [1-3]. The aim of the present study is to move a first step toward the study of faecal microbiota (selected faecal bacterial groups) in dogs presenting cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), to determine whether, similarly to human and laboratory animal medicine [4,5], interesting correlations could be found. Seven naturally voided faecal samples from 7 dogs suffering from CVD (6 valvulopathies and 1 dilated cardiomyopathy), but without gastrointestinal signs, were collected. Bacterial DNA for the study of selected faecal bacterial groups (Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridium coccoides- Eubacterium rectale group, Staphylococcus spp., and Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas spp.) was extracted using a modified DNA extraction method based on benzyl chloride. SYBR Green Real-Time PCR amplification were performed. For each bacterial group, the total bacterial concentration was determined using 16S rRNA gene targeted primers [6]. Our evaluation was successful in 5 out of 7 dogs, but due to the low number of patients (inclusion/exclusion criteria were very selective) it was not possible to compare statistically subgroups in our sample. However, Student’s t test was applied to compare the mean values of bacterial concentration of each detected group in patients of the present study with those previously obtained from healthy subjects (unpublished data). Bacteroides-Prevotella- Porphyromonas spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. counts resulted significantly lower (p<0.05) in the CVD dogs than in the healthy subjects, while Lactobacillus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae counts were significantly higher (p<0.05). Data from our pilot study, even if very preliminary, suggest that the evaluation of faecal composition in dogs suffering from cardiovascular diseases is possible and may provide interesting insights in cardiovascular diseases’ pathogenesis, prevention and treatment

Interoperability Among Unmanned Maritime Vehicles: Review and First In-field Experimentation

Complex maritime missions, both above and below the surface, have traditionally been carried out by manned surface ships and submarines equipped with advanced sensor systems. Unmanned Maritime Vehicles (UMVs) are increasingly demonstrating their potential for improving existing naval capabilities due to their rapid deployability, easy scalability, and high reconfigurability, offering a reduction in both operational time and cost. In addition, they mitigate the risk to personnel by leaving the man far-from-the-risk but in-the-loop of decision making. In the long-term, a clear interoperability framework between unmanned systems, human operators, and legacy platforms will be crucial for effective joint operations planning and execution. However, the present multi-vendor multi-protocol solutions in multi-domain UMVs activities are hard to interoperate without common mission control interfaces and communication protocol schemes. Furthermore, the underwater domain presents significant challenges that cannot be satisfied with the solutions developed for terrestrial networks. In this paper, the interoperability topic is discussed blending a review of the technological growth from 2000 onwards with recent authors' in-field experience; finally, important research directions for the future are given. Within the broad framework of interoperability in general, the paper focuses on the aspect of interoperability among UMVs not neglecting the role of the human operator in the loop. The picture emerging from the review demonstrates that interoperability is currently receiving a high level of attention with a great and diverse deal of effort. Besides, the manuscript describes the experience from a sea trial exercise, where interoperability has been demonstrated by integrating heterogeneous autonomous UMVs into the NATO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE) network, using different robotic middlewares and acoustic modem technologies to implement a multistatic active sonar system. A perspective for the interoperability in marine robotics missions emerges in the paper, through a discussion of current capabilities, in-field experience and future advanced technologies unique to UMVs. Nonetheless, their application spread is slowed down by the lack of human confidence. In fact, an interoperable system-of-systems of autonomous UMVs will require operators involved only at a supervisory level. As trust develops, endorsed by stable and mature interoperability, human monitoring will be diminished to exploit the tremendous potential of fully autonomous UMVs

Fecal proteomic analysis in healthy dogs and in dogs suffering from food responsive diarrhea

Different laboratory markers are routinely used in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal (GI) disease in dogs. In the present study, starting from feces from both healthy dogs and dogs suffering from food responsive diarrhea (FRD), we tried to find proteins differently expressed in the two groups of dogs, by using a proteomic approach. Interestingly, we found that the immunoglobulin J-chain isoform 1 (species: Canis lupus familiaris) was identified only in diseased dogs (not in healthy). J-chain combines especially IgA monomers to IgA dimers and plays a crucial role for their secretions into mucosal interface. Being the first study of that kind in the dog, it is only possible to hypothesize that their presence could be likely due to an increased activation of the immune system or to a mucosal damage or both in FRD patients. Similarly, it is still impossible to assess whether this protein could be used as diagnostic/prognostic marker of GI disease; however, this study represents a promising first step toward fecal proteomics in canine GI disorders

Latent classes of emotional and behavioural problems in epidemiological and referred samples and their relations to DSM-IV diagnoses

Researchers\u2019 interest have recently moved toward the identification of recurrent psychopathological profiles characterized by concurrent elevations on different behavioural and emotional traits. This new strategy turned to be useful in terms of diagnosis and outcome prediction. We used a person-centred statistical approach to examine whether different groups could be identified in a referred sample and in a general-population sample of children and adolescents, and we investigated their relation to DSM-IV diagnoses. A latent class analysis (LCA) was performed on the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) syndrome scales of the referred sample (N = 1225), of the general-population sample (N = 3418), and of the total sample. Models estimating 1-class through 5-class solutions were compared and agreement in the classification of subjects was evaluated. Chi square analyses, a logistic regression, and a multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the relations between classes and diagnoses. In the two samples and in the total sample, the best-fitting models were 4-class solutions. The identified classes were Internalizing Problems (15.68%), Severe Dysregulated (7.82%), Attention/Hyperactivity (10.19%), and Low Problems (66.32%). Subsequent analyses indicated a significant relationship between diagnoses and classes as well as a main association between the severe dysregulated class and comorbidity. Our data suggested the presence of four different psychopathological profiles related to different outcomes in terms of psychopathological diagnoses. In particular, our results underline the presence of a profile characterized by severe emotional and behavioural dysregulation that is mostly associated with the presence of multiple diagnosis

Faecal proteome in clinically healthy dogs and cats: Findings in pooled faeces from 10 cats and 10 dogs

Background: In the scientific literature, there are only a few manuscripts available on small animal faecal proteomics. Methods: In the present pilot study, this evaluation was performed using pooled faecal samples from 10 clinically healthy dogs and, for the first time, in 10 clinically healthy cats by mean of two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Our results showed the presence of nine (albumin, alkaline phosphatase, chymotrypsin-C-like, cytosol aminopeptidase, elastase-3B/proteinase E, immunoglobu-lins and nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210) and 14 (albumin, caspase recruitment domain-containing protein, chymotrypsin-like, deleted in malignant brain tumours 1 protein-like, hypothetical protein LOC107375, immunoglobulin, kallikrein-1, superox-ide dismutase, transthyretin precursor, interstitial collagenase-like) different proteins in canine and feline faeces, respectively. Conclusion: These preliminary findings document the presence of a range of proteins in the faeces of apparently healthy dogs and cats and may serve as a basis for larger, prospective studies to establish reference proteomic data against which diseased popu-lations can be compared

Estimation filtering for Deep Water Navigation

The navigation task for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles is made difficult in a deep water scenario because of the lack of bottom lock for Doppler Velocity Log (DVL). This is due to the operating altitude that, for this kind of applications, is typically greater than the sensor maximum range. The effect is that the velocity measurements are biased by sea currents resulting in a rapidly increasing estimation error drift. The solution proposed in this work is based on a distributed, cooperative strategy strongly relying on an acoustic underwater network. According to the distributed philosophy, an instance of a specifically designed navigation filter (named DWNF - Deep Water Navigation Filter) is executed by each vehicle. Each DWNF relies on different Extended Kalman Filters (EKFs) running in parallel on-board: one for own navigation state estimation (AUV-EKF), the other ones for the navigation state of the remaining assets (Asset-EKF). The AUV-EKF is designed to simultaneously estimate the vehicle position and the sea current for more reliable predictions. The DWNF builds in real-time a database of past measurements and estimations; in this way it can correctly deal with delayed information. An outlier detection and rejection policy based on the Mahalanobis distance associated to each measurement is implemented. The experimental validation of the proposed approach took place in a deep water scenario during the Dynamic Mongoose’17 exercise off the South coast of Iceland (June-July 2017); preliminary analysis of the results is presented

CT Images in Follicular Lymphoma: Changes after Treatment Are Predictive of Cardiac Toxicity in Patients Treated with Anthracycline-Based or R-B Regimens

The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and cardiac extracellular volume (ECV) in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) treated with R-CHOP-like regimens or R-bendamustine. We included 80 patients with FL between the ages of 60 and 80 and, using computed tomography (CT) performed at onset and at the end of treatment, we assessed changes in EAT by measuring tissue density at the level of the cardiac apex, anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus of the heart. EAT is known to be associated with metabolic syndrome, increased calcium in the coronary arteries and therefore increased risk of coronary artery disease. We also evaluated changes in ECV, which can be used as an early imaging marker of cardiac fibrosis and thus myocardial damage. The R-CHOP-like regimen was associated with lower EAT values (p &lt; 0.001), indicative of a less active metabolism and more adipose tissue, and an increase in ECV (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, in patients treated with anthracyclines and steroids (R-CHOP-like) there is a greater decrease in ejection fraction (EF p &lt; 0.001) than in the R-B group. EAT and ECV may represent early biomarkers of cardiological damage, and this may be considered, to our knowledge, the first study investigating radiological and cardiological parameters in patients with FL