Ouverture au monde et mouvements de l’existence : notes pour une anthropologie chez Patočka

Y a-t-il, et dans quelles limites, un « moment anthropologique » de la phénoménologie de Patočka ? Si on ne trouve pas dans les textes de Patočka la réalisation explicite d’un projet d’anthropologie philosophique, la question du possible rapport de son œuvre à un tel domaine se pose néanmoins pour deux raisons. En premier lieu, ses textes contiennent une série d’analyses qui, tout en n’étant pas placées sous l’intitulé « anthropologie », peuvent être envisagées comme relevant de ce domaine : ..

Histoire transcendantale/histoire mondaine : de Husserl à Derrida et retour

La première rencontre de la pensée husserlienne avec la question de l’historicité, de façon exemplaire dans La philosophie comme science rigoureuse, ne semblait pas promettre de longs développements : c’était la possibilité même d’une rencontre réelle qui était mise en question, et ce à cause des éléments constitutifs mêmes de la phénoménologie, à savoir sa démarche eidétique et transcendantale. En tant que domaine de la factualité contingente et variable, milieu de ce qui est déjà donné au s..

Présentation

La question de l’histoire a joué un rôle à la fois central et problématique dans la phénoménologie, et ce à partir de l’œuvre de Husserl lui-même. Malgré sa critique acérée de l’historicisme au nom de l’idéal de la philosophie comme science rigoureuse, malgré le caractère menaçant de l’histoire pour une phénoménologie qui se veut transcendantale et eidétique, le thème ne pouvait pas ne pas s’imposer à Husserl, non seulement dans le cadre de sa réflexion sur l’histoire européenne au moment de ..

The Design for Product Service Supportability (DfPSSu) methodology: generating sector-specific guidelines and rules to improve Product Service Systems (PSSs)

Nowadays manufacturers’ need to systematically develop innovative integrated solutions is increasingly pushed by new technologies, a multiple functionalities demand and a change in the customer value perception. For these reasons, it is very complex for Product Service Systems (PSS) providers to fulfil all the design requirements: designers must consider all the objectives the PSS wants to achieve during its whole lifecycle according to different criteria, which are often to be considered according to a trade-off balance. At present, Design for X (DfX) design methods represent the most important attempt to enhance product development according to certain characteristics or lifecycle phases: authors believe they can also support the PSS design, redesigning or enhancing products in certain X-dimensions, in particular those ones related to “service supportability”. On this basis, a methodology generating new Design for X (DfX) guidelines has been proposed: in this paper an application case in the mold industry shows how a physical product can be improved when a service has to be added and integrated. At the same time, new industry-specific PSS design guidelines and rules are proposed

Testing the methodology to generate Design for Product Service Supportability (DfPSS) Guidelines and Rules: an application case

The industrial world is today navigating from a traditional product-based business to a new more complex solution-based orientation, pushed by new technologies, a multiple functionalities demand and a change in the customer value perception. Several are the methods and tools proposed in literature to aid manufacturers to design those solutions in an integrated and systematized way but none of them is really able to consider together product and service components, according to both company and customer views. In this context, a methodology generating new Design for X (DfX) guidelines to support the early integration of service features already in the product design of PSS has been proposed by the authors. This methodology can raise engineers’ consciousness in designing PSSs in a systematic and integrated way and provides insights into the link between the design process of PSS and the design knowledge generation in terms of guidelines and rules. In particular, the objective of this paper is to test this methodology through an application case. The test, following a theory building procedure, contributes to obtain the final methodology design, providing a double result: industrial experts’ feedbacks, giving to the authors a major awareness of its strengths and weaknesses, and new industry-specific PSS design guidelines and rules

Influence of Carding and Pressing on Hygrothermal Properties and Fire Reaction of Hemp Fiber Nonwoven Mats

This article depicts the effect of carding and pressing on hygrothermal properties of hemp fibers nonwoven mats, trying to understand if their implementation can improve their behavior when employed as insulation materials in buildings. Hemp fibers belonging to Cannabis Sativa species and coming from local area (Apulia - Italy) were examined, then samples of carded and pressed hemp fibers nonwoven mats were prepared. According to European standards, the thermal conductivity, the vapor permeability and the fire reaction of hemp fibers samples were measured. Results were compared to each other and with those of a commercial nonwoven mat made with hemp (90 wt. %) and synthetic fibers (10 wt. %), used as reference. We observed that carded and pressed hemp fibers were characterized by a lower thermal conductivity when compared to unprocessed hemp fibers, likely because the removing of wood elements. On the other hand, not processed hemp fibers show higher breathability when compared to carded and pressed ones, as well as with respect to the commercial nonwoven mat. Moreover, it was proved that the absence of synthetic commingled fibers in hemp fibers allows a better behavior in fire reaction. At last, the improvement in terms of insulation properties of a hollow brick when filled with hemp fibers was verified, by comparing the thermal conductivities of an empty and a filled hollow brick; as expected, the filled hollow brick shows a lower thermal conductivity, underlining the effectiveness of hemp fibers as insulation material

Influence of Cardanol Oil on the Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Films Produced by Melt Extrusion

Sustainable polymers from renewable resources are classified as biobased polymers. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most common biobased polymers applied in the biodegradable plastic industry as a feasible substitute of petrochemical-derived products. Cardanol oil (CA), a renewable resource and relatively low-cost side product of the cashew agro-industry, combined with neat PLA permitted the preparation of plasticized PLA/CA films by means of hot melt extrusion processes. Looking at packaging applications of the functional biobased PLA/CA films, chemical, mechanical, thermal, antioxidant, and barrier properties were studied. Thermal analysis revealed that the PLA glass-transition temperature decreased with the increasing content of CA, indicating that CA worked as a plasticizer for PLA. The presence of CA increased the oxygen transmission through the PLA/CA films; consequently, the permeability values were always appreciably higher for plasticized films. Nevertheless, the CA-plasticized PLA films sho..

IEA-Task 31 WAKEBENCH: Towards a protocol for wind farm flow model evaluation. Part 1: Flow-over-terrain models

The IEA Task 31 Wakebench is setting up a framework for the evaluation of wind farm flow models operating at microscale level. The framework consists on a model evaluation protocol integrated on a web-based portal for model benchmarking (www.windbench.net). This paper provides an overview of the building-block validation approach applied to flow-over-terrain models, including best practices for the benchmarking and data processing procedures for the analysis and qualification of validation datasets from wind resource assessment campaigns. A hierarchy of test cases has been proposed for flow-over-terrain model evaluation, from Monin-Obukhov similarity theory for verification of surface-layer properties, to the Leipzig profile for the near-neutral atmospheric boundary layer, to flow over isolated hills (Askervein and Bolund) to flow over mountaneous complex terrain (Alaiz). A summary of results from the first benchmarks are used to illustrate the model evaluation protocol applied to flow-over-terrain modeling in neutral conditions

Erratum to nodal management and upstaging of disease. Initial results from the Italian VATS Lobectomy Registry

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.06.12.]