2,324 research outputs found
Hydrological summary for the United Kingdom: February 2012
The monthly summary of hydrological conditions in the United Kingdom is compiled as part of the National Hydrological Monitoring Programme (a joint CEH and BGS enterprise). The report features contemporary data for rainfall, river flow, reservoir and groundwater levels in the form of maps and graphs. A commentary is provided on the status of the nation's water resources and any notable hydrological events during the month. The National River Flow and National Groundwater Level Archives help provide an historical context for these contemporary assessments. Financial support for the production of the Hydrological Summaries is provided by Defra, the Environment Agency, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, the Rivers Agency in Northern Ireland and the Office of Water Services
Hydrological summary for the United Kingdom: January 2012
The monthly summary of hydrological conditions in the United Kingdom is compiled as part of the National Hydrological Monitoring Programme (a joint CEH and BGS enterprise). The report features contemporary data for rainfall, river flow, reservoir and groundwater levels in the form of maps and graphs. A commentary is provided on the status of the nation's water resources and any notable hydrological events during the month. The National River Flow and National Groundwater Level Archives help provide an historical context for these contemporary assessments. Financial support for the production of the Hydrological Summaries is provided by Defra, the Environment Agency, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, the Rivers Agency in Northern Ireland and the Office of Water Services
The 2010-12 drought and subsequent extensive flooding: a remarkable hydrological transformation
Across most of the UK, the 2010‑12 period was remarkable in climatic terms with exceptional departures from
normal rainfall, runoff and aquifer recharge patterns. Generalising broadly, drought conditions developed through
2010, intensified during 2011 and were severe across much of England & Wales by the early spring of 2012. Record
late spring and summer rainfall then triggered a hydrological transformation that has no close modern parallel. Seasonally extreme river flows were common through the summer, heralding further extensive flooding during the autumn and, particularly, the early winter when record runoff at the national scale provided a culmination to the wettest nine‑month sequence for England & Wales in an instrumental record beginning in 1766.
This report provides comprehensive documentation and hydrometeorological appraisals of a three‑year period which
incorporated a number of important regional drought episodes as well as the outstanding runoff and recharge
patterns which characterised most of 2012. An examination of the wide range of impacts of the drought and flood
episodes is included and the extreme hydrometeorological conditions are examined within an extended historical
context. Finally, the recent exceptional conditions are reviewed in the light of observational evidence for trends in temperature, rainfall, river flow and aquifer recharge patterns
Mortality from infectious pneumonia in metal workers: a comparison with deaths from asthma in occupations exposed to respiratory sensitizers
Introduction: national analyses of mortality in England and Wales have repeatedly shown excess
deaths from pneumonia in welders. During 1979-1990 the excess was attributable
largely to deaths from lobar pneumonia and pneumonias other than bronchopneumonia,
limited to working-aged men, and apparent in other metal fume-exposed occupations.
We assessed findings for 1991-2000 and compared the mortality pattern with that from
asthma in occupations exposed to known respiratory sensitizers.Methods: the Office of National Statistics supplied data on deaths by underlying cause among
men aged 16-74 years in England and Wales during 1991-2000, including age and last
held occupation. We abstracted data on pneumonia for occupations with exposure to
metal fume and on asthma for occupations commonly reported to surveillance schemes
as at risk of occupational asthma. We estimated expected numbers of deaths by applying
age-specific proportions of deaths by cause in the population to the total deaths by age in
each occupational group. Observed and expected numbers were compared for each
cause of death.Results: among working-aged men in metal fume-exposed occupations we found excesses of
mortality from pneumococcal and lobar pneumonia (54 deaths vs. 27.3 expected) and
from pneumonias other than bronchopneumonia (71 vs. 52.4), but no excess from these
causes at older ages, or from bronchopneumonia at any age. The attributable mortality
from metal fume (45.3 excess deaths) compared with an estimated 62.6 deaths from
occupational asthma.Conclusion: exposure to metal fume is a material cause of occupational mortality. The hazard
deserves far more attention than it presently receive
Lipids and Liposomes in the Enhancement of Health and Treatment of Disease
TKS research is supported in part by the Wellcome Trust, SUSLA, BBSRC and the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No.602773 (Project KINDReD).Publisher PD
Control of polymorphism in coronene by the application of magnetic fields
Coronene, a polyaromatic hydrocarbon, has been crystallized for the first
time in a different polymorph using a crystal growth method that utilizes
magnetic fields to access a unit cell configuration that was hitherto unknown.
Crystals grown in magnetic field of 1 T are larger, have a different appearance
to those grown in zero field and retain their structure in ambient conditions.
We identify the new form, beta-coronene, as the most stable at low
temperatures. As a result of the new supramolecular configuration we report
significantly altered electronic, optical and mechanical properties.Comment: 32 pages, 17 figure
An Adaptive Algorithm for Rough Differential Equations
We present an adaptive algorithm for effectively solving rough differential
equations (RDEs) using the log-ODE method. The algorithm is based on an error
representation formula that accurately describes the contribution of local
errors to the global error. By incorporating a cost model, our algorithm
efficiently determines whether to refine the time grid or increase the order of
the log-ODE method. In addition, we provide several examples that demonstrate
the effectiveness of our adaptive algorithm in solving RDEs
An adaptive algorithm for rough differential equations
We present an adaptive algorithm for effectively solving rough differential equations (RDEs) using the log- ODE method. The algorithm is based on an error representation formula that accurately describes the contribution of local errors to the global error. By incorporating a cost model, our algorithm efficiently deter- mines whether to refine the time grid or increase the order of the log-ODE method. In addition, we provide several examples that demonstrate the effectiveness of our adapctive algorithm in solving RDEs
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