Immunogenicity of inactivated Salmonella sp vaccines used in the poultry industry in Argentina

La salmonelosis es una de las enfermedades infecciosas más difundidas anivel mundial, que afecta tanto a seres humanos como a diferentes especies animales, estandohistóricamente vinculada a la avicultura. Salmonella sp es un microorganismo que puedetransmitirse a través de los alimentos y ello implica su impacto en la salud pública, así comotambién en el comercio internacional de productos y subproductos avícolas. La vacunaciónes una de las herramientas fundamentales para la contención de estas bacterias y su efectividadrequiere de controles de calidad para medir la inmunogenicidad de las mismas. Elobjetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la inmunogenicidad de tres vacunas comerciales deSalmonella sp aviares de uso en la producción avícola argentina, mediante la inmunizacióngrupal y la determinación de títulos séricos específicos. Grupos de aves fueron vacunadassegún un procedimiento estandarizado que incluyó dos vacunaciones. Se observó diversidadde los títulos-aglutinación de Salmonella enteritidis entre las distintas vacunas analizadas,si bien todas ellas generaron seroconversión en las aves. La vacuna 1 presentó los mayorespromedios de título, tanto en la primera como en la segunda vacunación, siendo seguida porla vacuna 3 y la vacuna 2. El control de las vacunas tiene como objetivo final estimular la mejoríacontinua de su calidad para la producción de alimentos más inocuos para la población.Salmonellosis is one of the most widespread infectious diseases worldwide, affecting humans and several animal species, and it has been historically linked to poultry production. Salmonella sp is a food-borne microorganism with impact on public health and also on the global trade of poultry products and by-products. Vaccination is one of the main tools to the pathogen and its effectiveness requires quality controls to measure their immunogenicity. The objective of this work was to determine the immunogenicity of three commercial avian Salmonella sp vaccines used in Argentinean poultry production by immunizing groups of birds and determining specific serum titers. Groups of birds were vaccinated according to a standardized procedure that comprises two vaccinations. Diversity was observed in the agglutination titers against Salmonella enteritidis among the vaccines analyzed, although all of them generated seroconversion in the birds. The vaccine 1 presented the biggest title averages, as much in the first one as in the second vaccination, being continued by the vaccine 3 and the vaccine 2. The final goal of the control of vaccines is to stimulate continuous improvement of their quality to produce safer food for the population.Fil: Chacana, Pablo Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria.; ArgentinaFil: Leiva, Carlos Leónidas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria.; ArgentinaFil: Joaquim, Patricia Estefania. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria.; ArgentinaFil: Bombicino, M.. No especifíca;Fil: Terrera, M.V.. No especifíca

APOE ɛ4 exacerbates age-dependent deficits in cortical microstructure

The apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele is the primary genetic risk factor for the sporadic type of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the mechanisms by which apolipoprotein E ɛ4 are associated with neurodegeneration are still poorly understood. We applied the Neurite Orientation Dispersion Model to characterize the effects of apolipoprotein ɛ4 and its interactions with age and education on cortical microstructure in cognitively normal individuals. Data from 1954 participants were included from the PREVENT-Dementia and ALFA (ALzheimer and FAmilies) studies (mean age = 57, 1197 non-carriers and 757 apolipoprotein E ɛ4 carriers). Structural MRI datasets were processed with FreeSurfer v7.2. The Microstructure Diffusion Toolbox was used to derive Orientation Dispersion Index maps from diffusion MRI datasets. Primary analyses were focused on (i) the main effects of apolipoprotein E ɛ4, and (ii) the interactions of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 with age and education on lobar and vertex-wise Orientation Dispersion Index and implemented using Permutation Analysis of Linear Models. There were apolipoprotein E ɛ4 × age interactions in the temporo-parietal and frontal lobes, indicating steeper age-dependent Orientation Dispersion Index changes in apolipoprotein E ɛ4 carriers. Steeper age-related Orientation Dispersion Index declines were observed among apolipoprotein E ɛ4 carriers with lower years of education. We demonstrated that apolipoprotein E ɛ4 worsened age-related Orientation Dispersion Index decreases in brain regions typically associated with atrophy patterns of Alzheimer’s disease. This finding also suggests that apolipoprotein E ɛ4 may hasten the onset age of dementia by accelerating age-dependent reductions in cortical Orientation Dispersion Index