War Linguistics: Perception and Influence Tactics

Объектом лингвистики войны являются тексты, которые формируют языковую картину войны. Предмет представленной статьи состоит в описании базовых характеристик данного направления исследований, основной задачей которого является комплексное изучение и описание лексикона, тезауруса и прагматикона войны, реализованных в текстах разных типов – от текстов законов и до обсуждений в соцсетях. Методологическая основа исследования – представление о языке как об отчуждённой реальности, в которой воплощаются реалии войны. Методология лингвистики войны представляет собой синтез методов социолингвистики, лексикологии, стилистики, дискурсологии, лексикографии: методы сплошной выборки, анкетирования, интервью, дискурс-анализа, лексикографирования и т.д. Различаются общая лингвистика войны, описывающая глобальные языковые средства реализации тактик восприятия и воздействия на массы, и локальная лингвистика, связанная с конкретными вооружёнными конфликтами. Различаются тексты, порождаемые, с одной стороны, организаторами, идеологами, пропагандистами войны (тексты агентов воздействия), а с другой – участниками и жертвами войны (тексты реципиентов). Данные исследований лингвистики войны могут использоваться в процессах пропаганды и контрпропаганды, юридической и общественной оценки реалий военных конфликтовWar linguistics has described the texts forming the language picture of war. The subject of the study are the basic characteristics of this direction of research, the main objective of which is a comprehensive study and description of the lexicon, thesaurus and war pragmatics, implemented in the texts of different types – from the law texts to social networks discussions. The methodological basis of the study is the notion of language as an alienated reality, which embodies the war realities. The methodology of the war linguistics is the methods combination of sociolinguistics, lexicology, stylistics, discоursоlogy, lexicography: methods of continuous sampling, questionnaires, interviews, discourse analysis, lexicography, etc. The distinction has been made between general war linguistics, which describes the global linguistic means of implementing the tactics of perception and influence on the masses, and local linguistics, associated with specific armed conflicts. There should be differentiated texts produced by war organizers, ideologists and propagandists (agents texts), on the one hand, and participants and victims of war (recipients texts), on the other one. Data from the war linguistics study can be used in propaganda and counterpropaganda, legal and social assessment of the military conflicts realitie

Language Identification and Identity

В статье рассматривается соотношение понятий этноса, нации и языка на примере языковой политики на Украине.The paper examines the correlation of the concepts of ethnos, nation, and language on the example of the language policy in Ukraine and explores the conceptual content and functional positions of language identification and identity in the process of ethnic identification

Beam-helicity asymmetries for single-hadron production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering from unpolarized hydrogen and deuterium targets

A measurement of beam-helicity asymmetries for single-hadron production in deep-inelastic scattering is presented. Data from the scattering of 27.6 GeV electrons and positrons off gaseous hydrogen and deuterium targets were collected by the HERMES experiment. The asymmetries are presented separately as a function of the Bjorken scaling variable, the hadron transverse momentum, and the fractional energy for charged pions and kaons as well as for protons and anti-protons. These asymmetries are also presented as a function of the three aforementioned kinematic variables simultaneously

Transverse-target-spin asymmetry in exclusive ω\omega-meson electroproduction

Hard exclusive electroproduction of $\omega$ mesons is studied with the HERMES spectrometer at the DESY laboratory by scattering 27.6 GeV positron and electron beams off a transversely polarized hydrogen target. The amplitudes of five azimuthal modulations of the single-spin asymmetry of the cross section with respect to the transverse proton polarization are measured. They are determined in the entire kinematic region as well as for two bins in photon virtuality and momentum transfer to the nucleon. Also, a separation of asymmetry amplitudes into longitudinal and transverse components is done. These results are compared to a phenomenological model that includes the pion pole contribution. Within this model, the data favor a positive $\pi\omega$ transition form factor.Comment: DESY Report 15-14

Longitudinal double-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of electrons and positrons by protons and deuterons

A comprehensive collection of results on longitudinal double-spin asymmetries is presented for charged pions and kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of electrons and positrons on the proton and deuteron, based on the full HERMES data set. The dependence of the asymmetries on hadron transverse momentum and azimuthal angle extends the sensitivity to the flavor structure of the nucleon beyond the distribution functions accessible in the collinear framework. No strong dependence on those variables is observed. In addition, the hadron charge-difference asymmetry is presented, which under certain model assumptions provides access to the helicity distributions of valence quarks

Bose-Einstein correlations in hadron-pairs from lepto-production on nuclei ranging from hydrogen to xenon

Bose-Einstein correlations of like-sign charged hadrons produced in deep-inelastic electron and positron scattering are studied in the HERMES experiment using nuclear targets of $^1$H, $^2$H, $^3$He, $^4$He, N, Ne, Kr, and Xe. A Gaussian approach is used to parametrize a two-particle correlation function determined from events with at least two charged hadrons of the same sign charge. This correlation function is compared to two different empirical distributions that do not include the Bose-Einstein correlations. One distribution is derived from unlike-sign hadron pairs, and the second is derived from mixing like-sign pairs from different events. The extraction procedure used simulations incorporating the experimental setup in order to correct the results for spectrometer acceptance effects, and was tested using the distribution of unlike-sign hadron pairs. Clear signals of Bose-Einstein correlations for all target nuclei without a significant variation with the nuclear target mass are found. Also, no evidence for a dependence on the invariant mass W of the photon-nucleon system is found when the results are compared to those of previous experiments

Double hadron leptoproduction in the nuclear medium

First measurement of double-hadron production in deep-inelastic scattering has been measured with the HERMES spectrometer at HERA using a 27.6 GeV positron beam with deuterium, nitrogen, krypton and xenon targets. The influence of the nuclear medium on the ratio of double-hadron to single-hadron yields has been investigated. Nuclear effects are clearly observed but with substantially smaller magnitude and reduced $A$-dependence compared to previously measured single-hadron multiplicity ratios. The data are in fair agreement with models based on partonic or pre-hadronic energy loss, while they seem to rule out a pure absorptive treatment of the final state interactions. Thus, the double-hadron ratio provides an additional tool for studying modifications of hadronization in nuclear matter

The Q2Q^2-dependence of the generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integral for the deuteron, proton and neutron

The Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule connects the anomalous contribution to the magnetic moment of the target nucleus with an energy-weighted integral of the difference of the helicity-dependent photoabsorption cross sections. The data collected by HERMES with a deuterium target are presented together with a re-analysis of previous measurements on the proton. This provides a measurement of the generalised GDH integral covering simultaneously the nucleon-resonance and the deep inelastic scattering regions. The contribution of the nucleon-resonance region is seen to decrease rapidly with increasing $Q^2$. The DIS contribution is sizeable over the full measured range, even down to the lowest measured $Q^2$. As expected, at higher $Q^2$ the data are found to be in agreement with previous measurements of the first moment of $g_1$. From data on the deuteron and proton, the GDH integral for the neutron has been derived and the proton--neutron difference evaluated. This difference is found to satisfy the fundamental Bjorken sum rule at $Q^2 = 5$ GeV$^2$.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure

Nuclear Polarization of Molecular Hydrogen Recombined on a Non-metallic Surface

The nuclear polarization of $\mathrm{H}_2$ molecules formed by recombination of nuclear polarized H atoms on the surface of a storage cell initially coated with a silicon-based polymer has been measured by using the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry in deep-inelastic positron-proton scattering. The molecules are found to have a substantial nuclear polarization, which is evidence that initially polarized atoms retain their nuclear polarization when absorbed on this type of surfac