Adequação do uso de pílula anticoncepcional entre mulheres unidas

A total of 2,364 women in marital union, 15 to 49 years of age, were interviewed at home. They lived in poor neighbourhoods in the metropolitan area and in the interior of S. Paulo State, Brazil. The prevalence of contraceptive pill use and the association between socio-demographic characteristics of users and the presence or not of risk factors for pill use were studied. One fourth (25.8 percent) of the women interviewed were using contraceptive pills. Prevalence was higher among younger women, those with no more than one live child and those who had completed between three and eight grades of schooling. Over 40 percent of the users referred having risk factors for pill use at the time they initiated the method. No association was found between age and the percentage of women with risk factors. This percentage increased with number of children and decreased with women's schooling. The fact that pills were prescribed or obtained through the health system was not associated with the proportion of users with risk factors. The percentage of users with risk factors was similar when comparing women who did not consult any health service before initiating use with those who had consulted a public service. The prevalence of use observed in this study is similar to that described by other authors. Results show that the health system in the State of S. Paulo played no role in the improvement in the prescription of hormonal contraceptive pills. Central policy seemed not to have filtered down to the peripheral areas of the system.Foram entrevistadas em seus domicílios 2.364 mulheres unidas de 15 a 49 anos de idade, que moravam em bairros de baixa renda, na área metropolitana e no interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Estudou-se a prevalência de uso da pílula contraceptiva, a associação entre algumas características sócio-demográficas das usuárias e a presença ou não de fatores de risco para seu uso. Verificou-se que 25,8% das mulheres usavam pílula anticoncepcional. A prevalência de uso foi maior entre as mais jovens, entre as com até um filho vivo e nas com 5ª a 8ª séries de escolaridade. Mais de 40% das usuárias referiram apresentar fatores de risco ao iniciar o uso. Não se verificou associação entre a idade e a percentagem de mulheres com fatores de risco. Essa percentagem aumentou com o número de filhos e diminuiu com a escolaridade da mulher. A presença de fatores de risco foi igualmente freqüente entre as mulheres que não consultaram nenhum serviço de saúde para iniciar o uso como entre aquelas que consultaram em serviços públicos. As políticas do nível central não parecem ter atingido a periferia do sistema

Educomunicação e diversidade: múltiplas abordagens

Esta coletânea de capítulos intitulada “Educomunicação e Diversidade: múltiplas abordagens” reúne estudos apresentados no VI Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação e III EducomSul, realizado em Porto Alegre em 2015. Nessa obra, percebe-se que as dimensões interculturais, transversais e cidadãs suscitadas pela educomunicação vêm contribuindo para o aumento de intervenções comunicacionais diversas, em termos de linguagens e de conteúdos, em práticas educativas formais e não formais. Denotando a diversidade como uma área em expansão na educomunicação

Características atuais associadas à história de aborto provocado

For the purpose of analysing the association between selected current socio-demographic characteristics and the history of induced abortion, 138 students of a Brazilian university, who had been pregnant at least once, were studied. These students were identified from among the 937 who returned, by mail, a self-administered, anonimous questionnaire distributed to all the femele undergraduates. The subjects were divided into two groups, those who had and those who did not have a history of induced abortion. It was found that the largest percentage of women who had already had an induced abortion were of less than 24 years of age, were not living in marital union, had no religious affiliation and no living children at the time of the study. Analysis by logistic regression showed that having no living children was the only current characteristic associated with having had an induced abortion.Com o objetivo de analisar a associação de algumas características sociodemográficas atuais com o fato de ter realizado ou não um aborto, foram estudadas 138 alunas de uma universidade brasileira, que haviam tido pelo menos uma gravidez. Essas alunas foram identificadas dentre as 937 que devolveram, pelo correio, questionário auto-respondido, anonimamente, distribuído a todas as alunas da graduação. As alunas foram divididas em dois grupos, segundo tenham feito pelo menos um aborto ou não. Constatou-se que a maior proporção de mulheres que havia abortado esteve entre aquelas com até 24 anos de idade, sem companheiro, sem religião e sem nenhum filho vivo por ocasião do estudo. A análise por regressão logística apontou não ter filhos vivos como característica atual associada à realização de um aborto

Características atuais associadas à história de aborto provocado Current characteristics associated with the history of induced abortion

Com o objetivo de analisar a associação de algumas características sociodemográficas atuais com o fato de ter realizado ou não um aborto, foram estudadas 138 alunas de uma universidade brasileira, que haviam tido pelo menos uma gravidez. Essas alunas foram identificadas dentre as 937 que devolveram, pelo correio, questionário auto-respondido, anonimamente, distribuído a todas as alunas da graduação. As alunas foram divididas em dois grupos, segundo tenham feito pelo menos um aborto ou não. Constatou-se que a maior proporção de mulheres que havia abortado esteve entre aquelas com até 24 anos de idade, sem companheiro, sem religião e sem nenhum filho vivo por ocasião do estudo. A análise por regressão logística apontou não ter filhos vivos como característica atual associada à realização de um aborto.For the purpose of analysing the association between selected current socio-demographic characteristics and the history of induced abortion, 138 students of a Brazilian university, who had been pregnant at least once, were studied. These students were identified from among the 937 who returned, by mail, a self-administered, anonimous questionnaire distributed to all the femele undergraduates. The subjects were divided into two groups, those who had and those who did not have a history of induced abortion. It was found that the largest percentage of women who had already had an induced abortion were of less than 24 years of age, were not living in marital union, had no religious affiliation and no living children at the time of the study. Analysis by logistic regression showed that having no living children was the only current characteristic associated with having had an induced abortion

Contraceptive pill: adequacy of use among women in union

A total of 2,364 women in marital union, 15 to 49 years of age, were interviewed at home. They lived in poor neighbourhoods in the metropolitan area and in the interior of S. Paulo State, Brazil. The prevalence of contraceptive pill use and the association between socio-demographic characteristics of users and the presence or not of risk factors for pill use were studied. One fourth (25.8 percent) of the women interviewed were using contraceptive pills. Prevalence was higher among younger women, those with no more than one live child and those who had completed between three and eight grades of schooling. Over 40 percent of the users referred having risk factors for pill use at the time they initiated the method. No association was found between age and the percentage of women with risk factors. This percentage increased with number of children and decreased with women's schooling. The fact that pills were prescribed or obtained through the health system was not associated with the proportion of users with risk factors. The percentage of users with risk factors was similar when comparing women who did not consult any health service before initiating use with those who had consulted a public service. The prevalence of use observed in this study is similar to that described by other authors. Results show that the health system in the State of S. Paulo played no role in the improvement in the prescription of hormonal contraceptive pills. Central policy seemed not to have filtered down to the peripheral areas of the system.Foram entrevistadas em seus domicílios 2.364 mulheres unidas de 15 a 49 anos de idade, que moravam em bairros de baixa renda, na área metropolitana e no interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Estudou-se a prevalência de uso da pílula contraceptiva, a associação entre algumas características sócio-demográficas das usuárias e a presença ou não de fatores de risco para seu uso. Verificou-se que 25,8% das mulheres usavam pílula anticoncepcional. A prevalência de uso foi maior entre as mais jovens, entre as com até um filho vivo e nas com 5ª a 8ª séries de escolaridade. Mais de 40% das usuárias referiram apresentar fatores de risco ao iniciar o uso. Não se verificou associação entre a idade e a percentagem de mulheres com fatores de risco. Essa percentagem aumentou com o número de filhos e diminuiu com a escolaridade da mulher. A presença de fatores de risco foi igualmente freqüente entre as mulheres que não consultaram nenhum serviço de saúde para iniciar o uso como entre aquelas que consultaram em serviços públicos. As políticas do nível central não parecem ter atingido a periferia do sistema.9610

In vitro effect of the herbicide glyphosate on human blood platelet aggregation and coagulation Efeito in vitro do herbicida glifosato na agregação plaquetária e coagulação sanguínea em humanos

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] is a broad-spectrum, non-selective, post-emergence herbicide that is extensively used in agriculture. Published data referring to the effects of this product on human health are contradictory. We showed previously that long-term treatment of rats with low doses of Glyphosate-Biocarb® may induce hepatic histological changes and bleeding without decreasing platelet counts. The aim of the current study was to investigate, in vitro, the effect of glyphosate on human blood platelet aggregation and coagulation. Materials and methods: Platelet aggregation was determined in the platelet-rich plasma using the agents: 6µM-adenosine diphosphate, 6µM-epinephrine and 4µg/mL-collagen. Pretreatment with 500µg/mL glyphosate showed significant hypofunction of the three aggregating agents. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent at concentrations from 50 to 500 µg/mL. The release of ATP was lower for glyphosate-treated platelets after stimulation by collagen. On the other hand, glyphosate did not promote any inhibitory effects on prothrombin time, thromboplastin time and thrombin time. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that glyphosate promotes changes in the platelet metabolism with an inhibitory effect on primary hemostasis.O glifosato [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] é um herbicida pós-emergente não seletivo de amplo espectro muito utilizado na agricultura. Dados da literatura referentes aos efeitos desse produto na saúde humana são contraditórios. Em estudos prévios demonstramos que ratos previamente tratados com glifosato apresentavam lesões hepáticas e sangramento sem alterações quantitativas de plaquetas. O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar os efeitos in vitro do glifosato (GP) na agregação plaquetária e coagulação sanguínea em humanos. A agregação plaquetária foi determinada em plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) usando os agentes adenosina difosfato (ADP) 6µM, epinefrina 6µM e colágeno 4µg/mL. Pré-tratamento com GP 500µg/mL demonstrou significativa hipofunção dos três agentes agregantes. O efeito inibitório foi dose dependente em concentrações de 50-500 µg/mL. Utilizando-se a quantificação de ATP como um índice da capacidade de secreção plaquetária, foi observado diminuição da liberação das plaquetas tratadas com GP. Por outro lado, o GP não promoveu efeito inibidor no tempo de protrombina (TP), tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (ATTP) e tempo de trombina (TT). Em conclusão, os resultados demonstram que o GP promove mudanças no metabolismo plaquetário com efeito inibitório na hemostasia primária

Chemical composition, leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils from Mangifera indica L. var. Rosa and Espada

Submitted by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-11-21T13:09:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Chemical Composition - ramos.pdf: 1214746 bytes, checksum: 59085409c9712afe7f9666dab9fce004 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-11-21T13:39:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Chemical Composition - ramos.pdf: 1214746 bytes, checksum: 59085409c9712afe7f9666dab9fce004 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-21T13:39:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Chemical Composition - ramos.pdf: 1214746 bytes, checksum: 59085409c9712afe7f9666dab9fce004 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil.The essential oils from Mangifera indica var. Rosa and Espada latex were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. Twenty-seven components were identified. The main compound in the essential oil from M. indica var. Espada (EOMiE) was terpinolene (73.6%). The essential oil of M. indica var. Rosa (EOMiR) was characterized by high amounts of β-pinene (40.7%) and terpinolene (28.3%). In the test for leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes forms of L. amazonensis, EOMiR and EOMiE showed IC50 (72 h) of 39.1 and 23.0 μg/mL, respectively. In macrophages, EOMiR and EOMiE showed CC50 of 142.84 and 158.65 μg/mL, respectively. However, both were more specific to the parasite than macrophages, with values of selectivity index of 6.91 for EOMiE and 3.66 for EOMiR. The essential oils were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the human tumor cells HEp-2, HT-29, NCI-H292, and HL-60. The EOMiR and EOMiE were most effective against the HL-60, with IC50 values of 12.3 and 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that the essential oils of M. indica can destroy L. amazonensis and inhibit tumor cell growth. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian biodiversity as a source of potential therapeutic agents