Thyroid metastases from a breast cancer diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Case report and overview of the literature

Aim: Intrathyroid metastases are uncommon in cytology practice. We report a case of metastatic lesion in the thyroid from breast carcinoma which was recognized in a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and confirmed by immunohistopathology. In addition, we provide an overview of the literature describing similar cases. Study design: The patient was a 54-year old woman with a large, multinodular goiter and bilaterally enlarged lymph nodes in the supraclavicular areas. Fourteen years earlier she had undergone radical mastectomy followed by chemio- and radiotherapy due to a breast carcinoma. Results: FNA of the thyroid nodules showed a metastatic breast carcinoma and was followed by total strumectomy and lymphadenectomy. Histological reassessment of the surgical thyroid specimens as well as the neck lymph nodes revealed multiple breast metastases. This was strongly confirmed by immunohistochemical examinations, which revealed a positive staining for: CKMNF 116, CK7, CEA as well as for ER, PgR and HER2, and a negative staining for: CK20, thyroglobulin, TTF1, calcitonin, and chromogranin. Conclusion: Every new aggregate in the thyroid in patients with even a long-term history of cancer should be considered as potentially metastatic until proved otherwise. FNA could be helpful in the diagnosis of thyroid metastatic lesion, but it should be confirmed by immunohistopathology

Hall-plot of the phase diagram for Ba(Fe₁₋ₓCoₓ)₂As₂

The Hall effect is a powerful tool for investigating carrier type and density. For single-band materials, the Hall coefficient is traditionally expressed simply by , where e is the charge of the carrier, and n is the concentration. However, it is well known that in the critical region near a quantum phase transition, as it was demonstrated for cuprates and heavy fermions, the Hall coefficient exhibits strong temperature and doping dependencies, which can not be described by such a simple expression, and the interpretation of the Hall coefficient for Fe-based superconductors is also problematic. Here, we investigate thin films of Ba(Fe₁₋ₓCoₓ)₂As₂ with compressive and tensile in-plane strain in a wide range of Co doping. Such in-plane strain changes the band structure of the compounds, resulting in various shifts of the whole phase diagram as a function of Co doping. We show that the resultant phase diagrams for different strain states can be mapped onto a single phase diagram with the Hall number. This universal plot is attributed to the critical fluctuations in multiband systems near the antiferromagnetic transition, which may suggest a direct link between magnetic and superconducting properties in the BaFe₂As₂ system

Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but analysis of its molecular and clinical characteristics has been complicated by histological and aetiological heterogeneity. Here we describe a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We propose a molecular classification dividing gastric cancer into four subtypes: tumours positive for Epstein–Barr virus, which display recurrent PIK3CA mutations, extreme DNA hypermethylation, and amplification of JAK2, CD274 (also known as PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (also knownasPD-L2); microsatellite unstable tumours, which show elevated mutation rates, including mutations of genes encoding targetable oncogenic signalling proteins; genomically stable tumours, which are enriched for the diffuse histological variant and mutations of RHOA or fusions involving RHO-family GTPase-activating proteins; and tumours with chromosomal instability, which show marked aneuploidy and focal amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification of these subtypes provides a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies

On the structural and physical properties of sputtered multilayers of the FeSiB-CuNb alloy system

Multilayers of the FeSiB-CuNb alloy system have been prepared by the DC-magnetron-sputtering technique. In this way, a Fe(Si) alloy representing the crystalline and a FeBNb alloy representing the amorphous phase were deposited alternately. It was found that a microstructure of nanosized Fe(Si) and amorphous FeBNb is obtainable without heat treatment. In these multilayers, the coercive force Hc is independent of the amorphous layer thickness in the as-deposited state and after heat treatment up to 823 K. With Hc = 76 A/m, the lowest values found are high in comparison to that ones observed on nanocrystalline ribbons of the same composition. Internal stresses induced during deposition and heat treatment are found to be the origin of this difference. Above TA = 823 K, the coercive force rises strongly, although the FeBNb phase does not crystallize. The increase is attributed to an intergranular phase forming when the multilayer structure is starting to be destroyed by diffusion. At TA = 973 K, a linear dependence of the coercive force on the FeBNb interlayer thickness and hence on the chemical composition of the Fe(Si) grain boundary phase formed is found

High temperature X-ray diffraction study of phase decomposition in rapidly quenched Al–Ge–Si

The phase decomposition occurring during the heating of rapidly quenched Al–Ge–Si alloys has been investigated in situ by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction. The metastable Al–Ge phases formed in the as-quenched state transform during heating to Al and Ge. The addition of silicon decreases the transformation temperature. A Ge(Si) solid solution is indicated by a systematic change in the lattice constant of Ge as a result of the diffusion of Si from the Al matrix into the phase-separated Ge matrix

251. Ocena immunohistochemiczna błony śluzowej jelita grubego po radioterapii

Cel pracyPorównanie zmian w błonie śluzowej jelita grubego w sąsiedztwie guza, po krótkoterminowej przedoperacyjnej radioterapii u pacjentów z rozpoznanym rakiem odbytnicy, ze zmianami w błonie śluzowej pacjentów nie naświetlanych.Materiał i metodykaBadaniami objęto 39 pacjentów hospitalizowanych w Wielkopolskim Centrum Onkologii im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie w Poznaniu w latach 2000–2001. Grupę badaną stanowiło 20 pacjentów po przedoperacyjnej radioterapii. 19 pacjentów nie naświetlanych stanowiło grupę kontrolną.W wycinkach błony śluzowej jelita grubego oznaczono 6 markerów nowotworowych: CEA, TP53, Ki-67, CK-7, CK20 i CK-MNF 116. Zastosowano dwustopniową metodę immunoperoksydazową z kompleksem EnVision+TM/HRP, Rabbit lub z kompleksem EnVision+TM/HRP, Mouse. Wykonano barwienia histochemiczne: barwienie hematoksyliną i eozyną, barwienie substancji śluzowych mucykarminem, AB/paS, AB pH=1 i AB pH=2,5.WynikiRadioterapia zwiększyła w sposób statystycznie wysoce istotny ekspresję białka TP53 i statystycznie istotny ekspresję markera proliferacji komórkowej Ki-67 w kryptach jelitowych. W żadriej z badanych grup nie wykazano korelacji pomiędzy ekspresją TP53 i Ki-67. Radioterapia spowodowała zmniejszenie ekspresji CK-20, zwłaszcza na powierzchni błony śluzowej i wzrost ekspresji cytokeratyn wykrywanych przeciwciałem CK-MNF116. Napromieniowanie nieznacznie nasiliło ekspresję antygenu CEA w gruczołach i w małym stopniu zmniejszyło ją na powierzchni błony śluzowej.WnioskiRadioterapia spowodowała szereg zmian morfologicznych w błonie śluzowej, z których część można było by uznać za zmiany dysplastyczne. Obserwowano pojawienie się zmian atypowych, jak np. olbrzymich jąder komórkowych z wyraźnie widocznymi jąderkami w kryptach, a także nasilenie stopnia zapalenia błony śluzowej u pacjentów po radioterapii. Zauważono zmiany zanikowe na powierzchni błony śluzowej, a także występowanie obok siebie dwu rodzaju krypt: zanikowych i rozrostowych