СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ ГОМЕОПАТИЧЕСКИХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ

The article describes the status of homeopathic medicines standardisation in the leading world pharmacopoeias. It reviews main requirements for raw materials of plant, animal, and mineral origin, which are used in the production of homeopathic medicines. It also considers requirements for homeopathic pharmaceutical substances, including technologies of obtaining homeopathic mother tinctures, homeopathic dilutions, triturations, etc., mono- and multi-component homeopathic medicines, as well as quality control of homeopathic substances and homeopathic medicines. The article analyses the nomenclature of homeopathic raw materials and homeopathic substances used by the leading world pharmacopoeias. It dwells upon the results of work devoted to the development of requirements for the following homeopathic dosage forms: homeopathic granules, homeopathic eye drops, homeopathic ointments, homeopathic infusions and decoctions,  homeopathic mother tinctures,  homeopathic solutions for injection,  homeopathic solutions and liquid dilutions,  homeopathic syrups, homeopathic mixtures,  homeopathic suppositories, homeopathic tablets, homeopathic triturations.  The article illustrates significant potential of using vibrational spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy for the detection of distinctive features of homeopathic medicines at ultra-high dilutions. The article presents methodology for structuring pharmacopoeial standards for raw materials used in the production of pharmaceutical substances, for pharmaceutical substances that are used in homeopathic medicines, and for dosage forms, including specific aspects of production and standardisation of homeopathic medicines, which was implemented during preparation of draft monographs for the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.Охарактеризовано состояние стандартизации гомеопатических лекарственных средств в ведущих зарубежных фармакопеях. Рассмотрены основные  требования  к сырью растительного, животного и минерального происхождения, используемого для получения  гомеопатических лекарственных средств. Разработаны требования  к гомеопатическим фармацевтическим субстанциям, в том числе технологии  получения  настоек  гомеопатических матричных,  гомеопатических  разведений, тритураций  и др., моно-  и многокомпонентных гомеопатических препаратов, а также методы контроля   качества  гомеопатических субстанций   и  гомеопатических лекарственных препаратов.  Приведен   анализ номенклатуры гомеопатического сырья  и гомеопатических фармацевтических субстанций  по ведущим  зарубежным фармакопеям. Выработаны  требования, предъявляемые к гомеопатическим лекарственным формам: «Гранулы гомеопатические», «Капли глазные гомеопатические», «Мази гомеопатические», «Настои и отвары гомеопатические», «Настойки гомеопатические матричные», «Растворы для инъекций гомеопатические», «Растворы и жидкие разведения  гомеопатические», «Сиропы гомеопатические», «Смеси гомеопатические», «Суппозитории гомеопатические», «Таблетки гомеопатические», «Тритурации гомеопатические». Показана перспективность использования методов вибрационной и рамановской спектроскопии для выявления отличительных особенностей гомеопатических препаратов  при сверхвысоком  разведении. Разработана методология  построения фармакопейных стандартов  на сырье  для производства фармацевтических субстанций, фармацевтические субстанции, используемые для получения  гомеопатических лекарственных  препаратов, и лекарственные формы,  включающие  особенности технологии  и стандартизации гомеопатических лекарственных средств, реализованные при подготовке  проектов  фармакопейных статей для Государственной фармакопеи Российской Федерации

Effect of simvastatin on fatty acids composition of erythrocyte membranes in women with chronic form of coronary heart disease

23 women with a chronic form of coronary heart disease (CHD) were examined before and after two months of taking simvastatin at doses of 40 and 80 mg/day. Regardless of the dosage the reduction in total cholesterol (TC) level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic index (Al) was found that pointed at the strengthening of receptor-mediated endocytosis in LDL-C cells with all portable fatty acids (FA) in them by apoB-100 cells, in various forms of esters. The spectrum of FA in the erythrocyte membrane phospholipids (FL) was researched by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Redistribution of FA was revealed after treatment with different doses: reduction of the unsaturation index (UI) of the membranes erythrocytes indicated a violation of physical, chemical and functional properties of cell membranes. The content of the FA-membrane substrates and substrates of vitamin F, triglycerol substrates (TGL) decreased and FA-energy substrates cells increased. Probably, the ability of statins to activate the desaturase enzymes had an effect of the increasing of long-chain ω-9 FA content. In this case the reduction of oleic ω-9 FA influenced the reduction of TGL. Unlike doses of 40 mg/day treatment at a dosage of 80 mg/day in women resulted the increase of relation ω-3/ω-6 LC and the decrease of dihomo-γ-linolenic LCD. It indicated the formation of favorable conditions of the normalization of cell function in vivo. Under these conditions the level of palmitic FA and, correspondingly, the activity of atheromatosis decreased

MODERN ASPECTS OF HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES STANDARDISATION

The article describes the status of homeopathic medicines standardisation in the leading world pharmacopoeias. It reviews main requirements for raw materials of plant, animal, and mineral origin, which are used in the production of homeopathic medicines. It also considers requirements for homeopathic pharmaceutical substances, including technologies of obtaining homeopathic mother tinctures, homeopathic dilutions, triturations, etc., mono- and multi-component homeopathic medicines, as well as quality control of homeopathic substances and homeopathic medicines. The article analyses the nomenclature of homeopathic raw materials and homeopathic substances used by the leading world pharmacopoeias. It dwells upon the results of work devoted to the development of requirements for the following homeopathic dosage forms: homeopathic granules, homeopathic eye drops, homeopathic ointments, homeopathic infusions and decoctions,  homeopathic mother tinctures,  homeopathic solutions for injection,  homeopathic solutions and liquid dilutions,  homeopathic syrups, homeopathic mixtures,  homeopathic suppositories, homeopathic tablets, homeopathic triturations.  The article illustrates significant potential of using vibrational spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy for the detection of distinctive features of homeopathic medicines at ultra-high dilutions. The article presents methodology for structuring pharmacopoeial standards for raw materials used in the production of pharmaceutical substances, for pharmaceutical substances that are used in homeopathic medicines, and for dosage forms, including specific aspects of production and standardisation of homeopathic medicines, which was implemented during preparation of draft monographs for the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation

Forced-ferromagnetic state in a Tm2Fe17H5 single crystal

International audienceWe report the attainment of the ferromagnetic state in an interstitially modified heavy rare-earth-iron intermetallic compound in an external magnetic field. The starting composition is RE2Fe17, which is the RE-Fe binary richest in iron. We concentrate on the Tm-Fe compound, which is the most sensitive to magnetic field. The maximum possible amount of hydrogen (5 at. H/f.u.) is inserted into a Tm2Fe17 single crystal. We demonstrate that in a magnetic field of 57 T Tm2Fe17H5 reaches the ferromagnetic state with an enviably high polarization of 2.25 T

57Fe Mössbauer effect studies of ErFe11Ti and ErFe11TiH compounds

Ferromagnetic compounds ErFe11TiHx (x = 0, 1) have been investigated by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy in the temperature range 20–300 K. Mössbauer spectra were analyzed in terms of a model which takes into account the local environment of Fe atoms on three crystallographic sites (8f, 8j and 8i) and an influence of the random distribution of titanium on the 8i site. The 14 sextets with different intensities have been considered. The temperature dependencies of hyperfine interaction parameters and subspectra contributions were derived from experimental spectra. The hyperfine fields and the isomer shift increasing upon hydrogenation are discussed in terms of the hydrogen-induced Wigner-Seitz unit cell expansion and the s-electrons transfer from Fe atoms to the adjacent hydrogen atoms