Management vorzeitiger Wehen

Ziel der Arbeit war die Darstellung der Auswertung der in Jena eingesetzten Nitroglyzerinpflaster als first-line Tokolyse bei vorzeitiger Wehentätigkeit, welche seit 2002 in Jena eingesetzt wird. Daten von insgesamt 521 Patientinnen (2002-2014) konnten in die retrospektive Analyse eingehen. Es zeigte sich, dass eine Schwangerschaftsverlängerung um 48 h bzw. sieben Tage unter einer Tokolyse mit GTN in 94 % bzw. 84 % der Fälle erreicht werden konnte. Die Schwangerschaftswoche zu Therapiebeginn hatte keinen Einfluss auf die erfolgreiche Verlängerung um 48 h, ebenso wenig gab es für diesen Endpunkt Unterschiede zwischen Müttern mit Einlings- oder Geminigraviditäten. Die Tokolyseeffektivität war am höchsten, bei Frauen mit einer Zervixlänge zwischen 15 und 25 mm. Doch selbst bei Frauen mit verstrichener Zervix konnte durch die NO-Tokolyse in 54 % eine Schwangerschaftsverlängerung um 48 h und in 31 % um sieben Tage erzielt werden. Insgesamt wirkte sich die NO-vermittelte Schwangerschaftsverlängerung positiv auf die neonatale Mortalität und Morbidität aus (IVH 4 %, NEC 1 %, AGAR-Mittelwerte 8/9/9, Mortalität 2,7 %). Die Betrachtung der Entwicklung des Managements vorzeitiger Wehen ergab, dass am UKJ die Indikationsstellung zur Tokolyse zunehmend kritischer gestellt wurde und so die Leitlinienempfehlung in wachsendem Maße umgesetzt wurde. Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, dass die Tokolyse mit GTN eine nebenwirkungsarme, effektive Therapieform darstellt und sich zudem die in anderen Publikationen bereits festgestellten Verbesserungen des neonatalen Outcomes unter GTN, in dieser Studie bestätigen ließen. In weitere wenn möglich randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien sollte in erster Linie das neonatale Outcome den entscheidenden Endpunkt darstellen, um unsere Erkenntnisse zu bestätigen

Orbital Polarons in the Metal-Insulator Transition of Manganites

The metal-insulator transition in manganites is strongly influenced by the concentration of holes present in the system. Based upon an orbitally degenerate Mott-Hubbard model we analyze two possible localization scenarios to account for this doping dependence: First, we rule out that the transition is initiated by a disorder-order crossover in the orbital sector, showing that its effect on charge mobility is only small. Second, we introduce the idea of orbital polarons originating from a strong polarization of orbitals in the vicinity of holes. Considering this direct coupling between charge and orbital degree of freedom in addition to lattice effects we are able to explain well the phase diagram of manganites for low and intermediate hole concentrations

Charge and orbital ordering in underdoped La1-xSrxMnO3

We have explored spin, charge and orbitally ordered states in La1-xSrxMnO3 (0 < x < 1/2) using model Hartree-Fock calculations on d-p-type lattice models. At x=1/8, several charge and orbitally modulated states are found to be stable and almost degenerate in energy with a homogeneous ferromagnetic state. The present calculation indicates that a ferromagnetic state with a charge modulation along the c-axis which is consistent with the experiment by Yamada et al. might be responsible for the anomalous behavior around x = 1/8.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Orbital polarons and ferromagnetic insulators in manganites

We argue that in lightly hole doped perovskite-type Mn oxides the holes (Mn$^{4+}$ sites) are surrounded by nearest neighbor Mn$^{3+}$ sites in which the occupied $3d$ orbitals have their lobes directed towards the central hole (Mn$^{4+}$) site and with spins coupled ferromagnetically to the central spin. This composite object, which can be viewed as a combined orbital-spin-lattice polaron, is accompanied by the breathing type (Mn$^{4+}$) and Jahn-Teller type (Mn$^{3+}$) local lattice distortions. We present calculations which indicate that for certain doping levels these orbital polarons may crystallize into a charge and orbitally ordered ferromagnetic insulating state.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in PR

Introgressiomics: a new approach for using crop wild relatives in breeding for adaptation to climate change

[EN] The need to boost agricultural production in the coming decades in a climate change scenario requires new approaches for the development of new crop varieties that are more resilient and more efficient in the use of resources. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are a source of variation for many traits of interest in breeding, in particular tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, their potential in plant breeding has largely remained unexploited. CWRs can make an effective contribution to broadening the genetic base of crops and to introgressing traits of interest, but their direct use by breeders in breeding programs is usually not feasible due to the presence of undesirable traits in CWRs (linkage drag) and frequent breeding barriers with the crop. Here we call for a new approach, which we tentatively call 'introgressiomics', which consists of mass scale development of plant materials and populations with introgressions from CWRs into the genetic background of crops. Introgressiomics is a form of pre-emptive breeding and can be focused, when looking for specific phenotypes, or un-focused, when it is aimed at creating highly diverse intro-gressed populations. Exploring germplasm collections and identifying adequate species and accessions from different genepools encompassing a high diversity, using different strategies like the creation of germplasm diversity sets, Focused identification of germplasm strategy (FIGS) or gap analysis, is a first step in introgressiomics. Interspecific hybridization and backcrossing is often a major barrier for introgressiomics, but a number of techniques can be used to potentially overcome these and produce introgression populations. The generation of chromosome substitution lines (CSLs), introgression lines (ILs), or multiparent advanced inter-cross (MAGIC) populations by means of marker-assisted selection allows not only the genetic analysis of traits present in CWRs, but also developing genetically characterized elite materials that can be easily incorporated in breeding programs. Genomic tools, in particular high-throughput molecular markers, facilitate the characterization and development of introgressiomics populations, while new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) can enhance the introgression and use of genes from CWRs in the genetic background of crops. An efficient use of introgressiomics populations requires moving the materials into breeding pipelines. In this respect public-private partnerships (PPPs) can contribute to an increased use of introgressed materials by breeders. We hope that the introgressiomics approach will contribute to the development of a new generation of cultivars with dramatically improved yield and performance that may allow coping with the environmental changes caused by climate change while at the same time contributing to a more efficient and sustainable agriculture.This work was undertaken as part of the initiative "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives", which is supported by the Government of Norway. The Project is managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and implemented in partnership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world. For further information see the project website: http://www.cwrdiversity.org/. This work has also been funded in part by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant agreement No 677379 (G2P-SOL) and from Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Grant AGL2015-64755-R from MINECO/FEDER, EU). Pietro Gramazio is grateful to Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for a pre-doctoral (Programa FPI de la UPV-Subprograma 1/2013 call) contract.Prohens Tomás, J.; Gramazio, P.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Dempewolf, H.; Kilian, B.; Díez-Niclós, MJTDJ.; Fita, A.... (2017). Introgressiomics: a new approach for using crop wild relatives in breeding for adaptation to climate change. 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Tebentafusp in Patients with Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: A Real-Life Retrospective Multicenter Study

Background: Tebentafusp has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) after proving to have survival benefits in a first-line setting. Patients and Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study analyzed the outcomes and safety of tebentafusp therapy in 78 patients with mUM. Results: Patients treated with tebentafusp had a median PFS of 3 months (95% CI 2.7 to 3.3) and a median OS of 22 months (95% CI 10.6 to 33.4). In contrast to a published Phase 3 study, our cohort had a higher rate of patients with elevated LDH (65.4% vs. 35.7%) and included patients with prior systemic and local ablative therapies. In patients treated with tebentafusp following ICI, there was a trend for a longer median OS (28 months, 95% CI 26.9 to 29.1) compared to the inverse treatment sequence (24 months, 95% CI 13.0 to 35.0, p = 0.257). The most common treatment-related adverse events were cytokine release syndrome in 71.2% and skin toxicity in 53.8% of patients. Tumor lysis syndrome occurred in one patient. Conclusions: Data from this real-life cohort showed a median PFS/OS similar to published Phase 3 trial data. Treatment with ICI followed by tebentafusp may result in longer PFS/OS compared to the inverse treatment sequence

On the effects of the magnetic field and the isotopic substitution upon the infrared absorption of manganites

Employing a variational approach that takes into account electron-phonon and magnetic interactions in $La_{1-x}A_xMnO_3$ perovskites with $0<x<0.5$, the effects of the magnetic field and the oxygen isotope substitution on the phase diagram, the electron-phonon correlation function and the infrared absorption at $x=0.3$ are studied. The lattice displacements show a strong correlation with the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the system. Then the conductivity spectra are characterized by a marked sensitivity to the external parameters near the phase boundary.Comment: 10 figure