BLS Spotlight on Statistics: Women in the Workforce Before, During, and after the Great Recession

[Excerpt] A major factor that contributed to the growth of the U.S. labor force in the second half of the twentieth century was the remarkable increase in the labor force participation rate of women. During this time, the U.S. economy experienced economic growth that increased the demand for labor. Baby boomers (those born between 1946 and 1964) began entering the labor force in large numbers in the early 1960s as they reached working age. Coupled with the rapidly increasing labor force participation rate of women, this resulted in a large influx of women into the labor market. After peaking in 1999, the labor force participation rate of women has continuously declined. During this time, the baby-boom generation aged and the economy experienced the impacts of the severe 2007–09 recession. BLS projects women\u27s labor force participation rate to continue its decline in the 2014–24 decade

Vector-valued Littlewood-Paley-Stein theory for semigroups

We develop a generalized Littlewood-Paley theory for semigroups acting on $L^p$-spaces of functions with values in uniformly convex or smooth Banach spaces. We characterize, in the vector-valued setting, the validity of the one-sided inequalities concerning the generalized Littlewood-Paley-Stein $g$-function associated with a subordinated Poisson symmetric diffusion semigroup by the martingale cotype and type properties of the underlying Banach space. We show that in the case of the usual Poisson semigroup and the Poisson semigroup subordinated to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup on ${\mathbb R}^n$, this general theory becomes more satisfactory (and easier to be handled) in virtue of the theory of vector-valued Calder\'on-Zygmund singular integral operators.Comment: To appear in Adv. Mat

Breaking the mass / anisotropy degeneracy in the Coma cluster

We provide the first direct lifting of the mass/anisotropy degeneracy for a cluster of galaxies, by jointly fitting the line of sight velocity dispersion and kurtosis profiles of the Coma cluster, assuming an NFW tracer density profile, a generalized-NFW dark matter profile and a constant anisotropy profile. We find that the orbits in Coma must be quasi-isotropic, and find a mass consistent with previous analyses, but a concentration parameter 50% higher than expected in cosmological N-body simulations. We then test the accuracy of our method on realistic non-spherical systems with substructure and streaming motions, by applying it to the ten most massive structures in a cosmological N-body simulation. We find that our method yields fairly accurate results on average (within 20%), although with a wide variation (factor 1.7 at 1 sigma) for the concentration parameter, with decreased accuracy and efficiency when the projected mean velocity is not constant with radius.Comment: 5 pages, oral presentation at IAU Colloquium 195, Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters: intense life in the suburbs, ed. A. Diaferi

Lost: The Crisis Of Jobless and Out Of School Teens and Young Adults In Chicago, Illinois and the U.S.

This report contains compilations and calculations of various employment data for males and females 16 to 24 years old by race/ethnicity from 2005 to 2014, comparing Chicago, Illinois, the U.S. and in some instances, adding Los Angeles and New York. Besides an array of figures and tables, the report contains GIS generated maps that illustrate the relationship between employment data and population distribution by race/ethnicity. A significant contribution of this report is its demonstration that low rates of employment are spatially concentrated in neighborhoods that are also racially segregated. This report clearly highlights that youth employment rates are tied to conditions in neighborhoods and cannot be seen as distinct from what is happening in the neighborhoods themselves. The devastation of unemployment in turn, wreaks havoc on the neighborhood