Система оценки эффективности устройств временного ослепления

The development of non-lethal weapons and, in particular, temporary blinding devices is associated with problem of choosing boundaries of effectiveness. The aim of present work is determination of criteria for estimation of the effects of visual jamming devices action on the naked eye. The present-day scoring system used for effectiveness estimation of laser temporary blinding devices is based on maximum permissible exposure and/or accessible emission level defined for each hazard class in accordance with operating standard. In the present work we carried out analysis and modeling of the cases of application of temporary blinding laser devices. The proposed scoring system was founded on international standard IEC 60825-1-2014 as well as Manual on Laser Emitters and Flight Safety. The modeling of bright light action on observer eye was rested on CIE General Disability Glare Equation and provided quantitative description of jamming effectiveness. The main parameters used in this model and dictated by ambient light level and human eye characteristics, were veiling luminance and angle of distinguishing objects under it. In terms of exposition level and perception effects we determined six zones – unallowed, hazard, temporary blinding, discomfort, alerting, completely safe. Proposed system combined with modeling provides with visual demonstration of perceived light source and allows to describe human physiological sensation and to establish the fact of jamming at different distances. This system was the basis of the development of temporary blinding device for revelation of safe but effective spatial boundaries of action

The Concept of a Research Reactor of Small Power for Isotope Processing

The concept of a low-power research reactor for the production of radioisotopes is proposed, the results of calculations of the neutron-physical parameters of the core are presented, which can be used to substantiate the claimed reactor characteristics. In this article, the characteristics of the core of a research reactor of low power is substantiated, the main purpose of which is the production of radioisotope products for medical purposes. Nuclear medicine is one of the most advanced and demanded in the world of modern high-tech medicine, based on the using of atomic nucleus properties. As a rule, atoms with unstable nuclei are radionuclides. The reactor method of radionuclide production allows obtaining large quantities of radioisotope products at a relatively low price, but the reactor base is currently rather limited.     Keywords: radioisotope products, research reactors, neutron-physical characteristic

Synthesis and spectral characteristics of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid derivatives as model compounds for the estimation of properties of modified hyperbranched polyesters polyols

© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. New amino and carboxy derivatives of methyl 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionate have been synthesized as models of terminal fragments of hyperbranched polyester polyamines and polyesters polycarboxylic acids, and their spectral characteristics have been studied

Система оценки эффективности устройств временного ослепления

The development of non-lethal weapons and, in particular, temporary blinding devices is associated with problem of choosing boundaries of effectiveness. The aim of present work is determination of criteria for estimation of the effects of visual jamming devices action on the naked eye.The present-day scoring system used for effectiveness estimation of laser temporary blinding devices is based on maximum permissible exposure and/or accessible emission level defined for each hazard class in accordance with operating standard.In the present work we carried out analysis and modeling of the cases of application of temporary blinding laser devices. The proposed scoring system was founded on international standard IEC 60825-1-2014 as well as Manual on Laser Emitters and Flight Safety. The modeling of bright light action on observer eye was rested on CIE General Disability Glare Equation and provided quantitative description of jamming effectiveness. The main parameters used in this model and dictated by ambient light level and human eye characteristics, were veiling luminance and angle of distinguishing objects under it.In terms of exposition level and perception effects we determined six zones – unallowed, hazard, temporary blinding, discomfort, alerting, completely safe. Proposed system combined with modeling provides with visual demonstration of perceived light source and allows to describe human physiological sensation and to establish the fact of jamming at different distances. This system was the basis of the development of temporary blinding device for revelation of safe but effective spatial boundaries of action.Разработка оружия нелетального действия, в частности устройств временного ослепления, сопряжена с проблемой выбора эффективных границ действия. Целью данной работы являлось установление критериев оценки действия устройств постановки зрительных помех невооружённому глазу.Для определения эффективности действия представленных на рынке лазерных устройств временного ослепления обычно используется система оценки, основанная на предельно допустимом уровне излучения и/или предельной интенсивности излучения для выбранного класса опасности в соответствии с действующим стандартом.В данной работе проведён анализ и моделирование ситуаций применения устройств временного ослепления на основе лазеров. Предложена система оценки, основанная как на международном стандарте IEC 60825-1-2014, так и на руководстве по лазерным излучателям в аспекте безопасности полётов. Моделирование воздействия яркого излучения на глаз наблюдателя базировалось на основном уравнении слепящей блесткости (CIE General Disability Glare Equation) и обеспечивало количественную оценку эффективности постановки помех. В качестве основных параметров в модели использовались величины яркости засветки и угол различения объектов под ней, которые определялись параметрами человеческого глаза и внешней среды.По уровню экспозиции и проявляемому эффекту было выделено шесть зон – запрещённая, опасная, временного ослепления, дискомфортная, оповещения, полностью безопасная. В совокупности с моделированием данная система позволяет описать физиологические ощущения человека, дать наглядное изображение воспринимаемого источника света и установить факт постановки помех на различных расстояниях. Эта система была положена в основу разработки устройства временного ослепления для выявления безопасных и эффективных пространственных границ действия.

Role of cytokines, IL1-β and IL-10, in the development of endocrine ophthalmopathy in Graves’ disease

Background: Endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO) is a disease which is characterized by progressive autoimmune inflammation of extraocular muscles and retrobulbar adipose tissue, and is accompanied by infiltration, edema and proliferation of retrobulbar adipose tissue, muscles and connective tissue, leading to worsened quality of life, limited capacity for work and even ocular atrophy. It has been demonstrated that cytokines are involved in the development of autoimmune ophthalmopathy in Graves’ disease (GD). Thus, the secretion of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα were increased several dozenfold in active ophthalmopathy, but the specificity of cytokines in EO is still a subject of discussion among researchers. Purpose: To assess the levels of proinflammtory cytokines (IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in Graves’ disease complicated by endocrine ophthalmopathy. Material and Methods: Forty-three patients with Graves’ disease (33 women and 10 men; age, 18 to 71 years) underwent an examination. They were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of EO: GD plus EO (24 patients) and GD only (19 patients). Disease duration was 2.2±0.4 years for patients with GD plus EO versus 3.98±0.74 years for patients with GD only (р<0.05). All patients were treated with antithyroid drugs (mercazolil and thyrozol) and were classified as having compensated thyroid disease at the time of the study. All patients with GD plus AO had a CAS score exceeding 3 (the active stage of EO). Patients underwent an examination including ultrasonic assessment of thyroid gland volume, hormonal examination (serum TSH, free T4 (fT4), and free T3 (fT3)), assessment of serum antithyroid antibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and TSHR-Ab) and serum IL-1β and IL-10 levels. Results: Serum IL-1β levels were significantly increased in patients with Graves’ disease compared to healthy controls. Serum IL-1β levels for patients with GD plus EO were significantly higher than for patients with GD only (45.48 ± 16.19 pg/ml versus 10.44±5.17 pg/ml; р 0.05)

To the 50th anniversary of hematology service of the Republic of Tatarstan

The article presents an overview of the development of hematology service in the Republic of Tatarstan. The well-known scientist Nikolay Konstantinovich Goryaev (1875-1943), who worked in Kazan for a long time, began to develop this direction and after passing an internship in Germany proposed an improved device for calculating the blood elements known throughout the world. Adherents of Professor Goryaev continued research in the field of hematology, a blood transfusion station was organized. Professor S.I. Sherman proposed new methods of diagnosis and treatment of B12 deficiency anemia. Professor Sh.I. Ratner studied the changes in the blood picture in diseases of the abdominal cavity. The first 15 specialized hematological beds were opened in 1968 in the hospital named “Old Clinic”. The physician who treated such patients was Rakhil Sholomovna Dashevskaya, PhD. At present, hematology service is provided by three hospitals in Kazan, hematological and therapeutical beds in Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk, outpatient hematology service in Zelenodolsk. In recent years, the introduction of stem cell therapy has begun, and modern combined methods of chemotherapy have been introduced

Оценка влияния комплекса биопрепаратов на рост, развитие и урожайность огурца в условиях светокультуры

The ecologization of protected soil is currently one of the most important tasks of agricultural production, in this regard, for the vegetable growing of protected soil, the introduction of effective microorganisms into the substrate when growing plants in low-volume technology is of great interest. Biologics can enhance metabolic processes in the nutrient substrate and plants, plant resistance to adverse environmental conditions, increase plant productivity and improve product quality. Therefore, the purpose of our work is to analyze the effect of a complex of biological products on the agrobiological parameters of cucumber hybrids Mewa F1 and Valigora F1 on the 39, 67, 95 and 123 day of cultivation from the appearance of mass shoots. The research was carried out in conditions of high industrial greenhouses of the "Venlo" type, in the winter-spring turns of 2021 and 2022. The preparations were introduced into the tank mixture and fed to the plants through a drip irrigation system. Measurements of economically valuable indicators were noted weekly. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA methods were used for statistical data analysis.Results. When using biological products, a positive effect was noted on the growth and development of cucumber plants, as well as on the increase in leaf plate and leaf surface area (LAI). The dates of the onset of single and mass flowering of plants and single fruiting occurred earlier when using a complex of biological preparations for 1-5 days. When assessing the effect of the complex of biological products on the development of the photosynthetic apparatus, the positive effect of biological products on the area and index of the leaf surface on the 39, 67 and 95 days of cultivation was established. In addition, a significant effect of the complex on the increase in yield per m2 per turnover was revealed. In the conducted studies, the increase in yield was due to an increase in the weight and diameter of fruits. The total height of the plants and the weekly growth of the complex of drugs practically did not affect. A comparative analysis of the growth processes and yield of cucumber hybrids Mewa F1 and Valigora F1 when applying root fertilizing with a complex of biological preparations showed great effectiveness from their use.Экологизация защищенного грунта, на данный момент – одна из важнейших задач сельскохозяйственного производства, в связи с этим, для овощеводства защищенного грунта большой интерес представляет внесение в субстрат при выращивании растений в малообъемной технологии эффективных микроорганизмов. Биопрепараты способны усилить обменные процессы в питательном субстрате и растениях, устойчивость растений к неблагоприятным условиям среды, повысить продуктивность растений и улучшить качество продукции. Поэтому целью нашей работы является анализ влияния комплекса биопрепаратов на агробиологические показатели гибридов огурца Mewa F1 и Valigora F1 на 39, 67, 95 и 123 сутки выращивания от появления массовых всходов. Исследования проводили в условиях высоких промышленных теплиц типа «Venlo», в зимне-весенних оборотах 2021 и 2022 годов. Препараты вносили в баковую смесь и подавали к растениям через систему капельного полива. Измерения хозяйственно ценных показателей отмечали еженедельно. Для статистического анализа данных использовали методы описательных статистик и ANOVA.Результаты. При применении биопрепаратов было отмечено положительное воздействие на рост и развитие растений огурца, а также на увеличение листовой пластинки и площади листовой поверхности (ИПЛ). Даты наступления единичного и массового цветения растений и единичного плодоношения наступали раньше при применении комплекса биопрепаратов на 1-5 суток. При оценке влияния комплекса биопрепаратов на развитие фотосинтетического аппарата установлено положительное влияние биопрепаратов на площадь и индекс листовой поверхности на 39, 67 и 95-е сутки выращивания. Кроме того, выявлено достоверное влияние комплекса на увеличение урожайности с м2 за оборот. В проведенных исследования увеличение урожайности происходило за счет увеличения массы и диаметра плодов. На общую высоту растений и недельный прирост комплекс препаратов практически не повлиял. Сравнительный анализ ростовых процессов и урожайности гибридов огурца Mewa F1 и Valigora F1 при применении корневых подкормок комплексом биопрепаратов показал большую эффективность от их применения

Results of Modeling Experiments in Designing Immuno-Enzyme Test-System for the Detection of Antibodies to <I>Yersinia pestis</I> F1 (ELISA-Ab-F1 <I>Yersinia pestis</I>)

Designed is immuno-enzyme test-system for the detection of antibodies to Yersinia pestis capsular antigen F1 – “ELISA-Ab-F1 Yersinia pestis”. On the model of laboratory mice it is demonstrated that this test-system is highly specific, its diagnostic titer being 1/320.Diagnostic value of the test-system is 83.3–88.9 % as revealed through investigations of sera and blood suspension samples, swabs of thoracic organs of animals, inoculated with live plague vaccine, strains of plague microbe, containing and deprived of pFra, as well as with heterologous bacteria

Numerical Examination of the Stability of an Exact Two-dimensional Solution for Flux Pile-up Magnetic Reconnection

The Kelvin--Helmholtz (KH) and tearing instabilities are likely to be important for the process of fast magnetic reconnection that is believed to explain the observed explosive energy release in solar flares. Theoretical studies of the instabilities, however, typically invoke simplified initial magnetic and velocity fields that are not solutions of the governing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. In the present study, the stability of a reconnecting current sheet is examined using a class of exact global MHD solutions for steady state incompressible magnetic reconnection, discovered by Craig & Henton. Numerical simulation indicates that the outflow solutions where the current sheet is formed by strong shearing flows are subject to the KH instability. The inflow solutions where the current sheet is formed by a fast and weakly sheared inflow are shown to be tearing unstable. Although the observed instability of the solutions can be interpreted qualitatively by applying standard linear results for the KH and tearing instabilities, the magnetic field and plasma flow, specified by the Craig--Henton solution, lead to the stabilization of the current sheet in some cases. The sensitivity of the instability growth rate to the global geometry of magnetic reconnection may help in solving the trigger problem in solar flare research.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Associated movie files and a PDF with high-resolution figures are available at http://www.pha.jhu.edu/~shirose/Craig

Опыт создания полнотекстовой базы данных «МедЛиб» в научно-медицинской библиотеке Сибирского государственного медицинского университета

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