Gun-wielding bias embodiment effect under stress, The

Includes bibliographical references.2015 Fall.Recent work has shown that the embodiment of a gun may be to blame in circumstances wherein an individual has misidentified a gun as a neutral object, such as the high-profile police shooting of Amidou Diallo. However, these embodiment effects have not been studied under stress, results of which could speak to not only applied concerns, but the nature of embodiment as well. In order to start developing an understanding as to whether embodiment is flexible, or unchanging, I utilized the Cold Pressor Task to induce stress into a paradigm published by Witt and Brockmole (2012). Results indicated that there was no difference between stress and non-stress conditions. However, my control condition (non-stress) failed to replicate the main effect previously reported, therefore prohibiting me from drawing conclusions about the nature of embodiment

Formation, Implementation, and Verification of Requirements for Human-Autonomy Teaming

A Quad, describing funded research.Consortium for Robotics and Unmanned Systems Education and Research (CRUSER

Perception or response bias?: evaluating competing hypotheses through automation of action-control

2017 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.The claim of action-specific researchers is that one's ability to act affects his or her perception of the environment. When using a reach extending tool, such as a stick, objects appear closer than they do without using that stick. However, whether these effects are perception or simply a response bias has been hotly contested. In this dissertation, four experiments were run using the Pong task to be able to differentiate between a response bias and evidence for a perceptual account. Results indicate that not only were results not in line with a response bias account, but they were what the action-specific account of perception would predict. Results are discussed in context of what this means for theories of visual perception. Results are then discussed in relation to the motor simulation hypothesis to evaluate its validity as an explanation for action-specific effects. Finally, given the nature of the experimental design, a framework for a Theory of Automation Embodiment is developed

An Argument for Trust Assessment in Human-Machine Interaction: Overview and Call for Integration

Trust is a foundational principle in Human Factors Engineering. While an understanding of trust can help predict and alter much of human-machine interactions (HMI), assessment of trust is underutilized in the field. We make the argument that trust assessment provides great utility for anyone interested in HMI, followed by an overview of the various trust assessment techniques which exist. With each broad assessment technique, we evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of its use. We then apply those shortcomings in a call for future development of new trust assessment techniques, be they subjective self-reports, behavioral, or physiological measures. For scientists and practitioners alike, trust assessment provides a substantial opportunity for greater understanding of the human in human-machine interactions

Trust in Systems: Identification of 17 Unresolved Research Questions and the Highlighting of Inconsistencies

Trust is perhaps one of the most important constructs when trying to understand human interactions with systems. As such, there has been a considerable amount of research done on factors such as individual differences in trust, environmental factors affecting trust, and even ‘contagion’ effects of trust. However, at times the literature presents results that are inconsistent with existing findings, definitions, and at times even logic, with no clear path towards reconciliation. This manuscript attempts to highlight some of these inconsistencies within individual differences (personality and gender), task and environment, and system-wide trust, while also attempting to identify outstanding questions. While this review and critique do not encompass the totality of the literature, it provides representative examples of some of the issues the study of trust is facing. For each section, we offer a series of research questions, which has resulted in 17 proposed questions that need answering. Finally, we propose 3 questions that researchers should ask in every study which may help mitigate some of these issues in the future

System-Wide Trust, Graded System Distrust, or simple Anchoring/Priming Effects?

Trust in automation is an important construct to consider when attempting to predict proper use of automated systems. Automation is being used in increasingly diverse and more complex ways. Previous findings report that trust can be generalized across systems, leading to contagion effects. However, it is unclear in the current literature how users form perceptions of the boundaries between systems. To address this problem, we conducted two experiments in which we considered how perceived similarity, perceived functional relatedness, attributed blame, and attributed responsibility influenced the magnitude of contagion effects for trust. Participants were presented with hypothetical scenarios in which an airplane environment is depicted. We found that participants tended not to have a contagion effect for clearly unrelated components (a farmer and microwave) while showing a contagion effect for those that are related, suggesting that previous findings including contagion effects may not be explained by an anchoring effect. The degree of difference in trust between the success and failure conditions was also predicted by similarity and relatedness of the components. Moving forward, more research should focus on understanding how users form mental models of system boundaries