15 research outputs found

    Espalhamento de pósitrons por moléculas utilizando um potencial de polarização ab initio

    Get PDF
    Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Florianópolis, 2013Um novo método de primeiros princípios foi desenvolvido neste trabalho, com o objetivo de considerar os efeitos de polarização de moléculas na presença de pósitrons lentos. Neste cenário, obtivemos seções de choque de baixas energias para pósitrons colidindo com moléculas de H2 e N2, na faixa de energias indo desde 0,1 até 10 eV. Algumas energias em específico foram estudadas para a molécula de H2 com o objetivo de comparar estes resultados com os da literatura. O modelo proposto aqui é baseado na ideia de que a polarização da nuvem eletrônica de uma molécula é causada exclusivamente pelas interações pósitron-elétron. Deste modo, o potencial de polarização é calculado como o valor esperado do hamiltoniano molecular na função de onda polarizada na qual a presença do pósitron é considerada em uma posição fixa, excluindo os termos elétron-elétron da interação. Este operador é avaliado para cada uma destas distâncias, resultando em um potencial de polarização dependente apenas desta coordenada. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com outras aproximações teóricas e experimentais, com uma concordância boa com alguns dados teóricos e outros cálculos mais elaborados. Particularmente, as seções de choque de pósitrons lentos colidindo com moléculas de N2 apresentadas aqui são os únicos resultados na literatura que concordam com os dados experimentais mais recentes. Este é um resultado muito satisfatório, pois o método proposto aqui pode ser aplicado para uma grande variedade de alvos moleculares, e os resultados esperados devem se comparar bem com as medidas mais recentes. Abstract: A new ab initio method is developed here in order to take into account the polarization effects of molecules in the presence of slow positrons. In this framework, we have obtained low-energy positron cross sections for H2 and N2 molecules, in the energy range of 0,1 to 10 eV. Some specific energies have been studied for the H2 molecule in order to compare its results with those in the literature. The model proposed here is based on the idea that the polarization of the electronic cloud of a molecule is caused exclusively by the positron-electron interactions. So, the polarization potential is calculated as the expected values of the molecular hamiltonian in a polarized wave function in which the positron presence is considered at a fixed distance, excluding the electron-electron interactions. This operator is evaluated for each of those fixed distances, resulting in the polarization energy dependent exclusively on that coordinate. The obtained results are compared to other theoretical and experimental approaches, giving an overall good agreement with some experimental data and more elaborated calculations. Particularly, the cross sections of slow positrons colliding with N2 molecules presented here are the only results in the literature which agrees with the more recent experimental data. This result is very satisfactory, as the proposed method can be applied to a wide variety of molecular targets, and the results are expected to be well comparable to the most recent measurements

    Bohr atomic model and its limitations on the interpretation of helium atomic spectrum

    No full text
    The insertion of modern and contemporary Physics topics on Brazilian High School Education is no longer something so distant. The didactic books approved in the last National Plan include, somehow, discussions about this theme. However, the effective implementation of these subjects in schools depends on conceptual and didactic training of the teachers. In this sense, the present article intends to contribute with teachers and undergraduate Physics students by presenting a brief historical delimitation which emphasizes the context where Bohr atomic model emerges, known to be proposed in a period of transition between classical and modern Physics. Further, we show in details the limitations of this model, pointing the need of explanations from the new quantum mechanics to correctly describe the Helium atomic spectrum. Finally, we present an experimental proposal for the construction of a low cost spectroscope, and discuss some data collected with this equipment

    O modelo atômico de Bohr e as suas limitações na interpretação do espectro do átomo de hélio

    No full text
    http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2017v34n1p216The insertion of modern and contemporary Physics topics on Brazilian High School Education is no longer something so distant. The didactic books approved in the last National Plan include, somehow, discussions about this theme. However, the effective implementation of these subjects in schools depends on conceptual and didactic training of the teachers. In this sense, the present article intends to contribute with teachers and undergraduate Physics students by presenting a brief historical delimitation which emphasizes the context where Bohr atomic model emerges, known to be proposed in a period of transition between classical and modern Physics. Further, we show in details the limitations of this model, pointing the need of explanations from the new quantum mechanics to correctly describe the Helium atomic spectrum. Finally, we present an experimental proposal for the construction of a low cost spectroscope, and discuss some data collected with this equipment.http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2017v34n1p216A inserção de tópicos de física moderna e contemporânea na Educação Básica já não é mais algo tão distante. Os livros didáticos aprovados no último Plano Nacional contemplam, de formas distintas, discussões a esse respeito. Porém, sabe-se que a efetiva implementação desses conteúdos em sala de aula depende da formação – tanto conceitual quanto pedagógica – dos professores. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo visa contribuir com professores e estudantes de graduação em Física, apresentando um breve delineamento histórico que enfatiza o contexto de surgimento do modelo atômico de Niels Bohr, conhecido por situar-se em um período de transição entre Física Clássica e Moderna. Ainda, mostram-se detalhadamente as limitações do modelo de Bohr, evidenciando a necessidade das explicações oriundas da nova Mecânica Quântica para uma descrição adequada do espectro do átomo de hélio. Por fim, apresenta-se uma proposta experimental que consiste na construção de um espectroscópio de baixo custo e problematizam-se alguns dados coletados a partir desse aparato.

    Cálculo das seções de choque para colisão de pósitrons em moléculas: Wagner Tenfen ; orientador, Sérgio Eduardo Michelin

    No full text
    Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Florianópolis, 2009.Neste trabalho apresentamos estudos teoricos sobre a colisao de pósitrons com moleculas de qualquer geometria. Realizamos os cálculos para determinar as seçoes de choque elasticas para as moleculas N2O, H2O, NH3 e CH4, utilizando o metodo das fraçoes continuadas, no qual utilizamos um potencial de correlacao-polarizaçao local. Os resultados apresentados aqui estao em excelente concordancia com dados teoricos e experimentais contidos na literatura.In this work we present positron molecule scattering theoretical studies, using molecules with any geometry. We accomplished calculations in order to determine the elastic cross sections for the molecules N2O, H2O, NH3 and CH4, using the method of continued fractions, in wich we incorporate a local correlation-polarization potential. The results presented here are in excelent agreement with theorical and experimental data from literature

    Interação de pósitrons com moléculas biológicas: uma revisão bibliográfica.

    No full text
    Com o objetivo de iniciar estudos de espalhamento de pósitrons em um âmbito biológico, foi utilizado como método uma revisão de literatura de publicações em revistas científicas das áreas de física e biofísica que contemplassem análises sobre os efeitos causados por impactos de pósitrons em moléculas biológicas, principalmente em nucleotídeos que formam o DNA e o RNA, a fim de fazer um levantamento inicial sobre dados disponíveis acerca de seções de choque calculadas e os métodos que foram utilizados

    Many-Body and Single-Body Low-Energy Elastic Positron Scattering by Beryllium Atoms: From Ab Initio to Semiempirical Approaches

    No full text
    Positron scattering by beryllium atoms in the low-energy range (≤4.0 eV) was studied within ab initio and semiempirical frameworks. When interpreting the static dipole polarizability and the scattering length as representative quantities of the target and positron–atom correlations, the scattering observables obtained in the ab initio calculation were extrapolated by applying a semiempirical approach. Our results ratify previous ones, since no Ramsauer minimum structures or shape resonances were found in the cross sections. The presence of a (e+,Be) bound state was also identified as a function of the dipole polarizability

    Semiempirical Calculations on Low-Energy Electron Scattering by Zn and Cd Atoms

    No full text
    Since total cross section measurements for electron scattering by Zn and Cd performed in the 1970s, the existence of p-wave shape resonances below 1 eV are well established in the literature. It was suggested that a second d-wave shape resonance could exist in both systems at an energy slightly higher than the one recorded for the p-wave but still below the inelastic threshold. We report elastic scattering calculations for electron collisions with Zn and Cd atoms below 4 eV using a semiempirical approach, as well the scattering length for both targets. Our results show that, indeed, the d-wave shape resonance is found in Zn but absent in Cd. In fact, our cross sections and the few other ones available for this energy range are in discrepancy with the available experimental total cross sections for Cd

    Semiempirical Calculations on Low-Energy Electron Scattering by Zn and Cd Atoms

    No full text
    Since total cross section measurements for electron scattering by Zn and Cd performed in the 1970s, the existence of p-wave shape resonances below 1 eV are well established in the literature. It was suggested that a second d-wave shape resonance could exist in both systems at an energy slightly higher than the one recorded for the p-wave but still below the inelastic threshold. We report elastic scattering calculations for electron collisions with Zn and Cd atoms below 4 eV using a semiempirical approach, as well the scattering length for both targets. Our results show that, indeed, the d-wave shape resonance is found in Zn but absent in Cd. In fact, our cross sections and the few other ones available for this energy range are in discrepancy with the available experimental total cross sections for Cd

    Low-energy positron scattering from C

    No full text
    We present positron scattering cross sections with C2H2 molecules obtained with the Method of Continued Fractions in the static plus correlation polarization level. The differential and integral cross sections are compared with available theoretical and experimental approaches, and sensible improvement in the description of the qualitative behaviour of the differential cross sections is observed. These improvements are discussed through the evaluation of the average absolute differences between theoretical approaches and the respective normalized experimental data. Our elastic integral cross sections exhibit good agreement with model and ab initio approaches and with the available experimental data
    corecore