İşletilen ve işletilmeyen doğu ladini (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) meşcerelerindeki Ips typhographus L. saldırılarının yetişme ortamı ve meşcere özelliklerine göre değerlendirilmesi

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of management practices for reducing the negative impacts of Ips typographus L. on Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) forests, and to review the best site factor(s) associated with Ips typographus infestation. Two sites, Hatila Valley National Park (HVNP-unmanaged site) and Saçinka Forest Sub-District Directorate (SFSD-managed site) were chosen to compare the stand characteristics (mean age, height, bark thickness, basal area, stand density and tree diameter) and soil properties (pH, organic matter-OM, soil texture, and nutrients). At both sites, the sampling plots were taken from the north and south-slope aspects (NSA and SSA) and from upper and lower-slope positions (USP and LSP) on each site. In general, the results showed that in HVNP, Picea orientalis stands had higher stand age, bark thickness, basal area, and tree diameter, but lower soil pH, OM, nutrients, percent clay and silt content than those in SFSD. Among the stand characteristics, the stand age was positively correlated (r = 0.916) to the mortality rates in HVNP. Besides, Picea orientalis stands on SSA and at USP were more damaged than on NSA and at LSP. In conclusion, the results indicate that forest management practices including thinning, pruning, and cleaning can have a significant favorable influence on Picea orientalis forests to minimize the risk of Ips typographus attacks.Bu çalışma, Doğu Ladini (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) ormanlarındaki Ips typographus (L.) saldırısının olumsuz etkilerini azaltmada ormancılık uygulama faaliyetlerinin etkisini ve Ips typographus’un saldırısıyla ilişkili en etkili yetişme ortamı faktörlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışma alanları olarak Hatila Vadisi Milli Parkı (HVNP-işletilmeyen) ve Saçinka Orman İşletme Şefliği (SFSD-işletilen) seçilmiş ve meşcere karakteristikleri (yaş, boy, kabuk kalınlığı, sıklık, çap, kapalılık) ile toprak özellikleri (pH, organik madde-OM, tekstür ve besin elementleri) karşılaştırılmıştır. Her iki çalışma alanında, deneme parselleri, kuzey ve güney yamaçlar ile bu yamaçların üst ve alt rakımlarından alınmıştır. Genel olarak sonuçlar, HVMP alanındaki Picea orientalis meşcerelerine ilişkin yaş, kabuk kalınlığı, göğüs yüzeyi ve çapın SFSD alanındaki meşcerelerden daha yüksek, toprak pH, OM, besin elementleri, yüzde kil ve toz miktarı bakımından ise daha düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. HVNP alanında, meşcere özelliklerinden meşcere yaşı ile ağaç ölüm oranları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki (r = 0.916) belirlenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak, güney bakan meşcereler ile üst rakımlardaki meşcerelerin, kuzey bakan ve alt rakımlardaki meşcerelere göre daha fazla Ips typographus saldırısına maruz kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bulgular, aralama, budama ve örtü temizliği gibi ormancılık işletme faaliyetlerinin, Ips typographus’un Picea orientalis ormanlarına saldırı riskini azaltmada pozitif yönde önemli bir etkiye sahip olabileceğini göstermektedir

Comparison on experimental and numerical results for helical swimmers inside channels

Swimming micro robots are becoming feasible in biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery, opening clogged arteries and diagnosis owing to recent developments in micro and nano manufacturing technologies. It has been demonstrated at various scales that micro helices with magnetic coating or attached to a magnet can move in fluids with the application of external rotating magnetic fields. The motion of micro swimmers interacting with flow inside channels needs to be well understood especially for medical applications where the motion of micro robots inside arteries and conduits in the body become pertinent. In this work, swimming of helical micro robots with magnetic heads inside tubes is modeled with the resistive force theory (RFT) and validated with experiments conducted in glycerin filled mini glass channels placed in rotational magnetic fields. The time-averaged forward velocities of magnetically driven micro swimmers that are calculated by the RFT model agree very well with experimental results

Bio-inspired micro robots swimming in channels

Swimming micro robots that mimic micro organisms have a huge potential in biomedical applications such as opening clogged hard-to-reach arteries, targeted drug delivery and diagnostic operations. Typically, a micro swimmer that consists of a magnetic bead as its body, which is attached to a rigid helical tail, is actuated by a rotating external magnetic field and moved forward in the direction of the rotation in fluids. Understanding of hydrodynamic effects has utmost importance for modeling and prediction of the trajectory of the robot. In this work, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is presented for the mm-long swimmer with the helical tail; the swimmer is used in our previous experiments on the effect of the confinement of the robot in a liquid filled channel. Forward velocity, fluid forces and torques on the micro swimmer are studied with respect to robot’s radial position in the channel and the number of waves on the helical tail. Forward velocities from the CFD model for the robots swimming near the wall agree reasonably well with experimental measurements

Short-term effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on choroidal vascularity

Purpose: To determine the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on choroidal vascularity using the binarization method in a group of treatment-naïve hypertensive patients. Methods: There were 48 treatment-naive hypertensive patients who were diagnosed according to the "2013 European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology" guideline and started angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril (Coversyl) in the study. As a control group, 48 healthy volunteers were randomly selected among people who attended the outpatient clinic for routine ophthalmological examination. Enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) images were captured at baseline and at 1 month after treatment. Binarization of the EDI-OCT images was performed by Image-J software. The choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal area, luminal area, stromal area, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in CT at all locations (subfoveal, nasal, and temporal) at 1 month after treatment compared with baseline (for all, p˂0.001). Choroidal structural parameters and the mean CVI were statistically significantly increased at 1 month after treatment (for all, p˂0.001). When compared, there was no statistically significant difference for the vascular parameters between the control group and the patient group at 1 month (for all, p>0.05). Conlusion: A statistically significant improvement was demonstrated in the choroidal vascular parameters except for the stromal area after treating with an ACE inhibitor in a group of hypertensive patients. © 2021 Elsevier B.V

Self and Task Perception towards Visual Arts Course Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

This study aims to develop a scale to determine self and task perception of high school students towards visual arts course. In the development process following stages were followed: scanning the literature, examining previously developed scales, creating an item pool, getting expert opinions, doing a pilot study, doing item analysis, test-retest process, and data analysis. 259 high school students from 9th to 12th grades participated in the study and test-retest was conducted on 50 students. Six-factor draft form of the scale was formed by taking Expectancy-Value Theory into consideration. According to the CFA principles the scale has six factors, which are intrinsic value, attainment value/importance, extrinsic value, expectancy belief, task difficulty, required effort. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients of six factors were found as 0,77; 0,82; 0,70; 0,87; 0,70 and 0,67 respectively. According to the test-retest results, it was found out that the stability of the scale was high. The results of item analysis according to means of lower-higher groups showed that each item in the scale was distinctive. For the criterion validity, the correlation between the scores obtained from the subscales and the scores obtained from the “motivation” factor of “Motivating Strategies in Learning Scale” were examined and it was found that the present scale was correlated with the “motivation” factor of “Motivating Strategies in Learning Scale”. It was found that there existed a low, medium, and high correlation among the subscales

Determination of Seed Yield and Some Agronomical Characteristics of Different Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Variety and Populations under Dry Conditions of Igdir Plain

Bu çalışma kuru koşullarda yetiştirilen farklı kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) çeşit ve populasyonlarının (Cherry Vanilla, French Vanilla, Mint Vanilla, Moqu-Arrochilla, Oro de Valle, Populasyon-Çin, Q-52, Rainbow, Read Head, Sandoval Mix ve Titicaca) yetişme süresi, bitki boyu, sap kalınlığı, dal sayısı, salkım oranı, tohum verimi, sap verimi, biyolojik verim, hasat indeksi, bin tane ağırlığı, sapta ve tohumda ham protein içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, 2015 yılında Iğdır Üniversitesi Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Müdürlüğü deneme sahasında şansa bağlı tam bloklar deneme desenine göre dört tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, sapta ham protein oranı hariç, genotipler arasında çok önemli farklılıklar saptanmıştır. En yüksek tohum verimi (210.03 kg da-1), hasat indeksi (%38.14), bin tane ağırlığı (2.53 g) ve erkencilik (124.75 gün) Titicaca, biyolojik verim (780.58 kg da-1) Oro de Valle ve tohumda ham protein oranı (%14.64) ise French Vanilla çeşitlerinde kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, incelemeye alının tüm çeşit ve populasyonların kuru koşullarda tohum üretimi için rahatlıkla yetiştirilebileceği, özellikle de Titicaca, Moqu-Arrochilla ve Q-52 çeşitlerinin tohum verimi açısından oldukça ümitvar olduğu anlaşılmıştır.This study was carried out to determine the ripening period, plant height, stem thickness, number of branch per plant, raceme ratio, seed yield, stem yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1000-seed weight, crude protein contents in stem and seed of different quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) variety and populations (Cherry Vanilla, French Vanilla, Mint Vanilla, Moqu-Arrochilla, Oro de Valle, Population-China, Q-52, Rainbow, Read Head, Sandoval Mix and Titicaca) cultivated under the non-irrigated conditions. The research was conducted in a completely randomized block design with four replications in the field of Agricultural Application and Research Center of Igdir University in the 2015. In the result of research, all parameters examined except for crude protein in stem were found important. According to these results, the highest seed yield (210.03 kg da-1), harvest index (38.14%), 1000-seed weight (2.53 g) and earliness (124.75 days) were determined in Titicaca, biological yield in Oro de Valle (780.58 kg da-1) and the crude protein for seed in French Vanilla (14.64%). Consequently, it was revealed that all varieties examined can be cultivated for seed production in dry conditions and, especially Titicaca, Moqu-Arrochilla and Q-52 were determined as hopeful cultivars in terms of seed yield.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK

A new approach on the development of a nonlinear model for micro pelton turbines

In this study, a new approach that is closer to the real turbine without abandoning the advantages of nonlinear modeling simplicity compromising the simplicity of the nonlinear model is proposed. The purpose of the study is to contribute to making theoretical studies of microhydroelectric power plants (MHPPs) more realistic. Studies on their control, especially frequency control, have increased with the expansion of grid-connected power plants. However, some problems have occurred when converting simulation studies of the frequency control to practical studies. The reasons for these problems are that the systems cannot be modeled completely. In this study, first, the nonlinear model equations of a Pelton turbine are primarily constituted. The efficiency curve of the turbine is then obtained experimentally and added to the nonlinear model. The simulation results are compared with the data obtained from the prototype MHPP with a Pelton turbine developed in the laboratory. Finally, it is seen that the proposed method is successful. Thus, with the help of the proposed method, theoretical studies that researchers do can be easily converted into practical applications.FÜBAP (Project No: MF.11.06)

Clinical overlap of multiple sclerosis and autoimmune hepatitis: three cases

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration in the central nervous system. MS is the second major cause of disability following trauma, and is mostly seen between the ages of 20 - 40 years and in women. Autoimmune hepatitis (AH) is a chronic disease characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia, high levels of transaminases, presence of antibodies, and histologically by the necroinflammatory process with interface hepatitis. In AH, the etiological agent of the disease and the cause of liver injury remain unknown. MS may be associated with AH, autoimmune thyroiditis, and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). In literature, 8 cases with overlap of MS and AH have been reported. In this report, we present 3 cases which were detected with overlap of MS and AH, and are very rare condition in literature

Effects of forest roads on foliage discoloration of oriental spruce by Ips typographus (L.)

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of forest roads on foliage discoloration levels of oriental spruce Picea orientalis (L.) Link by Ips typographus (L.), considering location, ground slope and ground surface type of the spruce stands. The study was carried out over two years (2006-2007) in Artvin-Hatila National Park, Turkey. A total of 480 spruce trees from 12 stands were sampled. The results of the study were as follows: 1) locations of the trees (down-slope, up-slope, and forest interior plots) and ground surface types of the area (rocky and non-rocky grounds) significantly affected the foliage discoloration levels, 2) mean foliage discoloration level of trees were highest in the down-slope plots followed by up-slope and forest interior plots, 3) mean foliage discoloration level of trees grown up on the rocky stands were significantly greater than those on the non-rocky stands, and 4) mean stem volume of the trees with the foliage discoloration level 4 (death) were significantly greater than those with the other foliage discoloration levels (0, 1, 2, 3)

Glokom, Parkinson hastalığı ve nörodejenerasyon

Glokom, ilerleyici retinal ganglion hücre (RGH) ölümü ile karakterize olup, geri dönüşümsüz görme kaybına neden olan bir hastalıktır. Glokomatöz nörodejenerasyonun patogenezinde göz içi basıncından bağımsız mekanizmalar gündeme gelmiştir ve bu mekanizmalar Alzheimer ve Parkinson hastalığı gibi nörodejeneratif hastalıkların patogenezi ile benzerlikler göstermektedir. Etyopatogenezde ortak noktalar tespit edilmiş olsa da glokom ve nörodejeneratif hastalıklar arasındaki ilişki net değildir. Optik koherens tomografi (OKT), glokomlu hastalarda RGH hasarına bağlı olarak, etkilenen retina sinir lifi tabakasının (RSLT) non-invaziv olarak görüntülenmesini sağlayan bir görüntüleme yöntemidir. Son zamanlarda OKT ile RSLT kalınlık ölçümleri, Parkinson hastalığı gibi nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda da çalışılmaya başlanmıştır. Aksonal hasar varlığında yapısal değişiklikler gösteren RSLT, nörodejenerasyonun invivo olarak tespit edilebilmesi için uygun bir model olmakta ve son zamanlarda glokomla ortak patogenezi olan ve nöron hasarı ile karakterize nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda, RSLT kalınlık ölçümlerinin takibi gündeme gelmektedir. Biz bu yazımızda, glakom, Parkinson hastalığı ve nörodejenerasyon arasındaki ilişikiyi anlatmağa çalıştık