IMPACT OF PEER ASSISTED GALS LEARNING ON PRECISION IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF VARIOUS SPINAL DISORDERS

GALS screening examination is a simple, easily reproducible technique which requires minimal clinical instrument. This serves as effective tool in clinical diagnosis and assessment of various disorders. Spine Disorders forms integral part of Outdoor Patient Department (OPD) and Indoor patient department of Ayurvedic hospitals. They also forms integral part of various PG dissertations. Clinical diagnosis of spine disorder is very important. In spite of such enormous burden in OPD & IPD many times Ayurvedic students lack in diagnostic precision of various spinal disorders. Assistance of peer or teacher is very important in learning clinical skill. Aim of present study was to see impact of peer assisted GALS learning on precision in clinical diagnosis and assessment in interns and first year PG students.Total 15 students who were working in unit 3 of Kayachikitsa department were selected for training. 1 months peer assisted GALS skill training was given to them. They were assessed for precision in clinical diagnosis and confidence to diagnose with the help of confidence questionnaire and Final Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) before and after training along with that open ended response also taken from them about the examination. Data was collected and analyzed based on observations and inference drawn. Peer assisted GALS learning improves clinical performance of students. GALS is a effective clinical tool in clinical diagnosis and assessment of various spinal disorders

A study of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for tibial plateau fractures

Background: Fractures of proximal tibia involve a major weight-bearing joint and are serious injuries, which, if not treated well, result in functional impairment. To preserve normal knee function one must strive to maintain joint congruity, preserve the normal mechanical axis, ensure joint stability and restore a full range of motion. This is a formidable task to accomplish, especially in the face of associated medical conditions of the patients.Methods: In our study, 30 cases were selected. Selection of cases were done on the basis of X-rays. Schatzker type I, II, III, IV, V & VI included in study. Criteria for acceptable reduction 1) <5 mm of articular step; 2) <5 mm of articular depression. Each case is referred to one set of tibial plateau fracture, showing distribution of tibia plateau fractures that we treated with MIPPO. Clinical follow-up examination was performed at 4, 6, 10, 12 weeks and 3, 6 months. Clinico-radiological assessment was done at 3 month and grading was done. Patients were evaluated according to grading minimum 3 months after injury.Results: Our study of 30 tibial plateau fractures confirms that the MIPPO technique is an excellent treatment modality in case of tibial plateau fractures. We observed these fractures mainly in age group of 30-40 years, which were involved in road traffic accident. Tibial plateau fractures seen in elder age group were mainly due to abnormal loading patterns on the leg. We have found oblique views very much informative especially for posterolateral or posteromedial displacement, articular depression which helps to plan the position and direction of screws to be used for fixation. Conclusions: In view of the excellent results obtained with this technique, we advocate MIPPO over conventional open reduction and internal fixation technique for tibial plateau fracture fixation

An experimental assessment of abrasive wear behavior of GNP/Carbon fiber/epoxy hybrid composites

This investigation has evaluated the wear properties of Carbon fiber-epoxy/GNP (Graphene Nanoplatelets) composites. In this research, carbon fiber and Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) of different weight percentages of GNP (0, 0.1,0.3, and 0.5 wt.%) reinforced hybrid composites were fabricated via compression molding assist hand layup technique. An abrasive wear test has been performed using the Design of experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tables has been used to understand the effect of control parameters (wt.% of filler, normal load, and sliding distance) on response parameters (specific wear rate and friction coefficient). The control variables such as normal loads of 5, 10, 15, and 20 N and sliding distances (150, 200, 250, and 300 m) are selected for this study. It has been discovered that adding GNPs reduces the particular wear rate and friction coefficient. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine composites' worn surfaces. The composites with GNPs had lower weight loss, friction coefficient, and wear rate as compared to plain carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy, and these metrics decreased as the percentage of GNPs increased. The analysis concluded that experimental results are closer to optimum results

A review of recently developed polymer composite materials for fused deposition modeling 3D printing

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly evolving technology due to its numerous advantages over traditional manufacturing processes. AM processable materials are limited and have poor mechanical performance, restraining the technology’s potential for functional part manufacturing. Although FDM is the most popular and growing technique, the inferiority of the material limits its application to prototyping. Nanocomposite material improves the thermal, mechanical, and electrical performance of FDM objects. Mostly polymer nanocomposites are feasible to process and several researchers have reported enhanced performance with polymer nanocomposites. Carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, nano clay, and carbon fiber are primary reinforcements to thermoplastics. The current state of the art relevant to advances in nanocomposites for the FDM process, as well as the influence of nanofillers on mechanical properties of the build object are reviewed in this paper

Neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells in whole mammary gland \u3ci\u3ein vitro\u3c/i\u3e

Biological characteristics of nodule-like alveolar lesions (NLAL) induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in organ culture of whole mammary gland (BALB/c female mice) were assessed after transplantation into gland-free mammary fat pads of syngeneic virgin mice. (i)Tissue- fragment explants from NLAL areas of the gland produced abnormal lobuloalveolar (LA) outgrowths in 3 of 10 fat pads. (ii) Transplantation of dissociated cells of NLAL-derived LA outgrowths into 36 fat pads showed 100% LA outgrowths and 3 (8%) of these 36 outgrowths produced mammary carcinomas. (iii) The explants of dissociated cells from whole mammary glands treated with DMBA in culture produced full or partial LA structures in 2 of 56 outgrowths. (iv) The explants of dissociated cells prepared from outgrowths derived from explants as in iii produced 9 LA outgrowths in 16 instances; mammary tumor incidence in these outgrowths was 3 of 16 (18%). (v) The explants of tissue fragments from LA outgrowths as in iv produced LA outgrowths in 20 of 20 fat pads; mammary carcinomas appeared in 16 of 20 (80%) of these outgrowths. No NLAL was detectable in control glands treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (solvent for DMBA); explants of the control glands consistently produced ductal outgrowths and no tumor. This accomplishment of chemical carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells in vitro provides a model for studying carcinogenesis in an entire isolated organ

An experimental assessment of abrasive wear behavior of GNP/Carbon fiber/epoxy hybrid composites

779-787This investigation has evaluated the wear properties of Carbon fiber-epoxy/GNP (Graphene Nanoplatelets) composites. In this research, carbon fiber and Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) of different weight percentages of GNP (0, 0.1,0.3, and 0.5 wt.%) reinforced hybrid composites were fabricated via compression molding assist hand layup technique. An abrasive wear test has been performed using the Design of experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tables has been used to understand the effect of control parameters (wt.% of filler, normal load, and sliding distance) on response parameters (specific wear rate and friction coefficient). The control variables such as normal loads of 5, 10, 15, and 20 N and sliding distances (150, 200, 250, and 300 m) are selected for this study. It has been discovered that adding GNPs reduces the particular wear rate and friction coefficient. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine composites' worn surfaces. The composites with GNPs had lower weight loss, friction coefficient, and wear rate as compared to plain carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy, and these metrics decreased as the percentage of GNPs increased. The analysis concluded that experimental results are closer to optimum results

A study of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for tibial plateau fractures

Background: Fractures of proximal tibia involve a major weight-bearing joint and are serious injuries, which, if not treated well, result in functional impairment. To preserve normal knee function one must strive to maintain joint congruity, preserve the normal mechanical axis, ensure joint stability and restore a full range of motion. This is a formidable task to accomplish, especially in the face of associated medical conditions of the patients.Methods: In our study, 30 cases were selected. Selection of cases were done on the basis of X-rays. Schatzker type I, II, III, IV, V & VI included in study. Criteria for acceptable reduction 1) <5 mm of articular step; 2) <5 mm of articular depression. Each case is referred to one set of tibial plateau fracture, showing distribution of tibia plateau fractures that we treated with MIPPO. Clinical follow-up examination was performed at 4, 6, 10, 12 weeks and 3, 6 months. Clinico-radiological assessment was done at 3 month and grading was done. Patients were evaluated according to grading minimum 3 months after injury.Results: Our study of 30 tibial plateau fractures confirms that the MIPPO technique is an excellent treatment modality in case of tibial plateau fractures. We observed these fractures mainly in age group of 30-40 years, which were involved in road traffic accident. Tibial plateau fractures seen in elder age group were mainly due to abnormal loading patterns on the leg. We have found oblique views very much informative especially for posterolateral or posteromedial displacement, articular depression which helps to plan the position and direction of screws to be used for fixation. Conclusions: In view of the excellent results obtained with this technique, we advocate MIPPO over conventional open reduction and internal fixation technique for tibial plateau fracture fixation

Optimization of dry sliding wear behavior of epoxy nanocomposites under different conditions

This paper evaluates the wear properties of epoxy nanocomposites containing GNP (Graphene Nanoplatelets). In this research, variation of GNP (0,0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 wt%) were used to make nanocomposites. The hand layup technique was used for the fabrication of different composites. The Taguchi method is used to optimize the wear test and its related characteristics. Analysis of variance is used to understand the correlation between input variables and response measurements. Load (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg) and time (4, 6, 8, and 10 min) are the main variables for exploring wear characteristics for this study. It has been discovered that minimum wear in terms of mass loss and friction coefficient are minimum at 0.5 wt% GNP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and RAMAN spectroscopy were used to characterize the wear mechanism. The result shows that the optimized value is closer to the experimental value