Simplifying quality control and standardization of CTD data under SeaDataNet requirements

Sharing marine data through SeaDataNet infrastructure ensures preservation and promotes reusability. Submission of data to this infrastructure demands a set of technical tasks that cover quality control processing, adoption of common vocabularies, implement fle format standards and preparation of associated metadata. Although common software tools are made available to Data Centres and/or End Users to facilitate data and metadata preparation, these tasks continuous to be complex and time-consuming. To speed-up this process, a Python-Flask web application is presented here to quality check and create metadata and data according to SeaDataNet requirements. The web tool focuses on CTD vertical profles, although code could be easily adapted to process other type of records.Peer Reviewe

Promoting FAIRness in marine data at Centro Nacional Instituto Español de Oceanografía

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography is responsible, among other aspects, for scientifc and technical advice for the Government’s fsheries policy as well as for the protection and sustainability of the marine environment. In this task, it generates a large amount of oceanographic data characterized by its spatial dispersion during acquisition as well as by its diferent typology. The purpose of both the National Oceanographic Data Center and the GIS team is to safeguard data and to disclose what data exists and where, how and when it has been acquired and, in addition, to provide access to that data through the collaboration with diferent international data infrastructures like EMODnet or SeaDataNet. To this end, the data and metadata are subjected to quality control and formatted for integration into a national Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). This SDI has a GeoNetwork catalogue with ~ 1750 oceanographic campaigns, together with (meta)data and services that are continuously being revised and incorporated. All this with the ultimate goal of making the data increasingly FAIR.Peer Reviewe

Coastal sea level monitoring in the Mediterranean and Black seas

Employed for over a century, the traditional way of monitoring sea level variability by tide gauges – in combination with modern observational techniques like satellite altimetry – is an inevitable ingredient in sea level studies over the climate scales and in coastal seas. The development of the instrumentation, remote data acquisition, processing, and archiving in the last decades has allowed the extension of the applications to a variety of users and coastal hazard managers. The Mediterranean and Black seas are examples of such a transition – while having a long tradition of sea level observations with several records spanning over a century, the number of modern tide gauge stations is growing rapidly, with data available both in real time and as a research product at different time resolutions. As no comprehensive survey of the tide gauge networks has been carried out recently in these basins, the aim of this paper is to map the existing coastal sea level monitoring infrastructures and the respective data availability. The survey encompasses a description of major monitoring networks in the Mediterranean and Black seas and their characteristics, including the type of sea level sensors, measuring resolutions, data availability, and existence of ancillary measurements, altogether collecting information about 240 presently operational tide gauge stations. The availability of the Mediterranean and Black seas sea level data in the global and European sea level repositories has been also screened and classified following their sampling interval and level of quality check, pointing to the necessity of harmonization of the data available with different metadata and series in different repositories. Finally, an assessment of the networks' capabilities for their use in different sea level applications has been done, with recommendations that might mitigate the bottlenecks and ensure further development of the networks in a coordinated way, a critical need in the era of human-induced climate changes and sea level rise.En prens

Coastal Sea Level Monitoring in the Mediterranean and Black Seas

Spanning over a century, a traditional way to monitor sea level variability by tide gauges is – in combination with modern observational techniques like satellite altimetry – an inevitable ingredient in sea level studies over the climate scales and in coastal seas. The development of the instrumentation, remote data acquisition, processing and archiving in last decades allowed for extending the applications towards a variety of users and coastal hazard managers. The Mediterranean and Black50 seas are an example for such a transition – while having a long tradition for sea level observations with several records spanning over a century, the number of modern tide gauge stations are growing rapidly, with data available both in real-time and as a research product at different time resolutions. As no comprehensive survey of the tide gauge networks has been carried out recently in these basins, the aim of this paper is to map the existing coastal sea level monitoring infrastructures and the respective data availability. The survey encompasses description of major monitoring networks in the Mediterranean and Black55 seas and their characteristics, including the type of sea level sensors, measuring resolutions, data availability and existence of ancillary measurements, altogether collecting information about 236 presently operational tide gauge stations. The availability of the Mediterranean and Black seas sea level data in the global and European sea level repositories has been also screened and classified following their sampling interval and level of quality-check, pointing to the necessity of harmonization of the data available with different metadata and series at different repositories. Finally, an assessment of the networks’ capabilities60 for their usage in different sea level applications has been done, with recommendations that might mitigate the bottlenecks and assure further development of the networks in a coordinated way, being that more necessary in the era of the human-induced climate changes and the sea level ris

Gravest Empirical Mode to be used by Inverted Echo Sounders in order to determine the zonal flows in the South Atlantic

Four Pressure-equipped Inverted Echo Sounders (PIES) were deployed at about 10°W, between 19 and 35°S, the South Atlantic Gateway (SAGA), in order to determine the zonal flows in the South Atlantic. Those PIES will allow to observe the circulation of two water masses, the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) and the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), that flow in opposite directions across the South Atlantic, between Cape town and Brazil, through the SAGA. The measurements from the PIES, together with historical hydrographic data, permit to estimate the profiles of temperature and salinity of the water column, and therefore the density. Besides, using the thermal-wind equation, it is possible to retrieve the geostrophic velocity from an array of PIES. In order to get those estimations of temperature and salinity, it is necessary to determine the Gravest Empirical Mode (GEM), a relationship between the acoustic travel time observed by the PIES and the historical observations of salinity and temperature in the study area. In this work, we will show the GEM estimated for the SAGA, calculated using historical hydrographic data from CTDs and Argo Float, as well as, the estimations of the error in the geostrophic transport

Climate and Oceanographic Change in the Atlantic of northern Spain

Esta obra ofrece una síntesis de la información recogida en las series temporales de observaciones oceánicas del IEO en la región atlántica del norte de España iniciadas en 1943 con el registro mareográfico; muestra evidencias de cambios interanuales en la física, la química y la biología del océano en relación con los factores climáticos, y estima los impactos más probables del clima en el océano futuro. Este volumen continúa la serie de estudios de la influencia del cambio climático en el mar iniciada con el Cambio climático en el Mediterráneo español (Vargas Yánez et al., 2010). En este caso, el enfoque es multidisciplinar, empleando, por primera vez, series de observaciones recogidas de forma coordinada y simultánea. A lo largo de sus ochos capítulos, se analiza la variabilidad climática atmosférica reciente y su influencia sobre las condiciones oceanográficas de la región, especialmente en relación con la intensidad y frecuencia del afloramiento de aguas profundas que determina, en gran medida, el aporte estacional de nutrientes a la superficie y, por tanto, la producción biológica. Se describen las tendencias en el nivel del mar a partir de las medidas de los mareógrafos de la zona con una estimación de los niveles extremos esperados a largo plazo. Se realiza un análisis comparativo –entre Galicia y el Cantábrico– de la variabilidad en los nutrientes inorgánicos y se determinan los elementos limitantes de la producción primaria en cada zona. Finalmente, se analizan las variaciones en las comunidades de fitoplancton, picoplancton y zooplancton como indicadoras de cambios en el ecosistema pelágico, destacando las fluctuaciones en la biomasa y producción primaria, base de la red trófica pelágica de la región, y la presencia de medusas y salpas y su relación con el clima.This book presents a synthesis of the oceanic time-series observations of IEO in the Atlantic region of northern Spain. These series, starting in 1943 with tide-gauges, reveal evidence of interanual changes in physical, chemical and biological properties of the ocean that were related to climatic factors, allowing to estimate future impacts of climate on the ocean. The volume continues the series started with “Climate Change in the Spanish Mediterranean” (Vargas Yánez et al., 2010). In this case the study is multidisciplinary, including for the first time series obtained in coordinated and simultaneous observational programs. The eight chapters first analyse recent climatic variability and its influence on the regional oceanography, particularly in relation to the intensity and frequency of the deep-water upwelling that largely determines the seasonal inputs of nutrients and primary production in this region. Next, the main trends in sea level revealed by tidal gauges along with the estimates of expected extreme levels are described. The variability in inorganic nutrients and the identification of limiting elements for primary production were presented as a comparative analysis between Galicia (in the West) and the Mar Cantábrico (in the east). Finally, the variability in the composition of the plankton communities, including phytoplankton, picoplankton and zooplankton, is analysed as indicative of changes in the pelagic ecosystem. Particular attention is given to the fluctuations in primary biomass and production and to the presence of salps and jellyfish in relation to climate.Versión del edito

CSES Module 1-3 Harmonized Trend File

Für weitere Informationen zur Variablenliste siehe die Dokumentation (Codebook) des CSES Module 1-3 Harmonized Trend File. Informationen zum Inhalt können den Studiennummern ZA5179 CSES Module 1 Full Release, ZA5180 CSES Module 2 Full Release, und ZA5181 CSES Module 3 Full Release entnommen werden