A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of a Virtually Supervised Home-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Intervention in People With Type 1 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Adopt a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate a virtually supervised home-based high-intensity interval training (Home-HIT) intervention in people with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eleven individuals with type 1 diabetes (seven women; age 30 ± 3 years; VO2peak 2.5 ± 0.2 L/min; duration of diabetes 10 ± 2 years) completed 6 weeks of Home-HIT. A heart rate monitor and mobile phone application were used to provide feedback to the participants and research team on exercise intensity (compliance) and adherence. RESULTS: Training adherence was 95 ± 2%, and compliance was 99 ± 1%. Home-HIT increased VO2peak by 7% (P = 0.017) and decreased insulin dose by 13% (P = 0.012). Blood glucose concentration did not change from baseline to immediately or 1 h post Home-HIT. Qualitative perceptions of Home-HIT and the virtual-monitoring system were positive, supporting that the intervention successfully removed exercise barriers in people with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Virtually monitored Home-HIT resulted in high adherence alongside increased VO2peak and decreased insulin dose

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Not AvailableCinnamomum verum J. Presl and Curcuma longa L. have many biologically active metabolites, such as sterpenoids, phenolics with proven health benefits. The present study was undertaken to analyze the effect of cinnamon and turmeric extract on growth, blood parameters, and metabolic enzyme activities of albino Wistar rats. Methanol extract of cinnamon and turmeric mixture was supplemented in rat feed at 2.5 and 5% concentration, respectively and administered for 30 days. During the course of study, body weight, feed given, feed consumed data were collected at regular intervals. After the experimental period, animals were sacrificed, tissues separated, homogenized and assayed for the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alanine aminotransferase (AAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The results showed significant increase in liver catalase activity of treated animals and no significant changes in LDH, MDH, ALT and AST. No abnormalities were observed in the histopathology staining of tissue section. Overall, output of the present study could be useful for production of spices based antioxidant rich products for human health.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableMicroencapsulation is a promising technology that confers better oxidative stability and improved shelf life to thermolabile biomolecules for fortification in food systems. In the present study, encapsulation of squalene in proteinpolysaccharide complex has been attempted. A stable emulsion formulation was optimized based on the effects of pH and chitosan concentration with whey protein as major emulsifier. The optimized emulsion formulation was then spray dried and characterized physically and chemically. The encapsulation efficiency of the squalene powder was found to be 78 plus or minus 0.6 per cent whereas other properties such as particle size, zeta potential, water activity, hygroscopicity, Carr Index, Hausner ratio showed satisfactory results. The polydispersity index (PDI) of the encapsulated squalene was found to be 0.536. The larger PDI indicates that the particles have a heterogeneous nature. SEM analysis showed that the squalene microcapsules were spherical in shape without apparent cracks and fissures. FTIR data further confirmed the encapsulation of squalene with chitosan-whey protein complex. From TGA analysis, it was clear that the chitosan-whey protein complex was able to retain the thermal stability of squalene up to 422 degree celsius. The oxidative stability studies revealed that the product remained oxidatively stable even after a storage period of more than three months. Functional food application of the microencapsulated squalene was then attempted by fortifying it in a bakery product. It was found that the cake enriched with microencapsulated squalene had better oxidative stability, sensory attributes, textural quality than that of the cake enriched with pure squalene and control treatment. Hence, it can be concluded that emulsification of squalene in protein-polysaccharide complex and its encapsulation by spray drying can be a potential process to produce oxidatively stable squalene microcapsule suitable for the development of shelf stable functional foods.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe black soldier fly (H. illucens) is a potential candidate species for the sustainable bioconversion of organic matter that endorses the concept of a circular economy. The nutritional evaluation of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reared in a food waste bioconversion system revealed a crude protein content of 41.44 plus or minus 0.17 g per 100g and crude lipid content of 35.69 plus or minus 0.24 g per 100g. Among the mineral content in BSFL, Ca (22.95 plus or minus 0.91 g per kg) was present in the highest concentration, followed by P (5.47 plus or minus 0.06 g per kg) and K (4.78 plus or minus 0.081 g per kg). The fatty acid profile of BSFL oil showed a higher level of saturated fatty acids than unsaturated, with the highest level of lauric acid (C12 : 0). Vitamins such as retinol, vitamin , -tocopherol, -tocopherol, and -tocopherol were detected in larval oil. -tocopherol was present in the highest concentration (80.39 g per g). The bioconversion performance of BSFL in terms of various parameters such as biomass yield, bioconversion efficiency, substrate reduction, and nutritional composition was evaluated. The bio-waste to larvae conversion ratio was 6.80, with a bioconversion efficiency of 24.31 plus or minus 0.62 %. The overall substrate reduction by BSFL was 72.38 plus or minus 1.37 %. In addition to amplification of mitochondrial partial COI gene for larval identification, comparative and phylogenetic analyses were performed. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the specific haplotypic populations from Palaearctic, Oriental, Afrotropic, Australasian, and Nearctic biogeographic realms establish a closer relationship or single ancestral origin with the Indian haplotypes, which is probably associated with anthropogenic factors resulting in the cosmopolitan distribution of this new world originated wide-spectrum fly.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present study was carried out to investigate the in-vitro release characteristics of encapsulated squalene as affected by the wall material composition. Squalene was encapsulated with chitosanwhey protein isolate as the wall material. The encapsulation efficiency of the spray dried powder was found to be 75.40 plus or minus 0.22%. The in-vitro release profile of microcapsules indicated maximum release of squalene at the 4th h of digestion (intestinal phase). Particle size analysis showed that with the exception in 3rd h, the size of the digested emulsions exhibited a decreasing trend. Zeta potential values also exhibited a decreasing trend after the 1st h of digestion. The results of the study showed that chitosan-whey protein isolate can be very well utilised as a wall material for lipophilic compounds as it confers the final product a higher encapsulation efficiency and aids in the release of about 59.17% of squalene from the encapsulated preparation.Not Availabl

Nutritional evaluation, bioconversion performance and phylogenetic assessment of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, Linn. 1758) larvae valorized from food waste

The black soldier fly (H. illucens) is a potential candidate species for the sustainable bioconversion of organic matter that endorses the concept of a circular economy. The nutritional evaluation of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reared in a food waste bioconversion system revealed a crude protein content of 41.44 ± 0.17 g/100g and crude lipid content of 35.69 ± 0.24 g/100g. Among the mineral content in BSFL, Ca (22.95 ± 0.91 g/kg) was present in the highest concentration, followed by P (5.47 ± 0.06 g/kg) and K (4.78 ± 0.081 g/kg). The fatty acid profile of BSFL oil showed a higher level of saturated fatty acids than unsaturated, with the highest level of lauric acid (C12:0). Vitamins such as retinol, vitamin D3, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, and γ -tocopherol were detected in larval oil. α-tocopherol was present in the highest concentration (80.39±4.02—g/g). The bioconversion performance of BSFL in terms of various parameters such as biomass yield, bioconversion efficiency, substrate reduction, and nutritional composition was evaluated. The bio-waste to larvae conversion ratio was 6.80, with a bioconversion efficiency of 24.31 ± 0.62 %. The overall substrate reduction by BSFL was 72.38 ± 1.37 %. In addition to amplification of mitochondrial partial COI gene for larval identification, comparative and phylogenetic analyses were performed. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the specific haplotypic populations from Palaearctic, Oriental, Afrotropic, Australasian, and Nearctic biogeographic realms establish a closer relationship or single ancestral origin with the Indian haplotypes, which is probably associated with anthropogenic factors resulting in the cosmopolitan distribution of this new world originated wide-spectrum fly

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Not Availablehe present study was carried out to investigate thein-vitro release characteristics of encapsulatedsqualene as affected by the wall material composition.Squalene was encapsulated with chitosanwheyprotein isolate as the wall material. Theencapsulation efficiency of the spray dried powderwas found to be 75.40 ± 0.22%. The in-vitro releaseprofile of microcapsules indicated maximum releaseof squalene at the 4th h of digestion (intestinalphase). Particle size analysis showed that with theexception in 3rd h, the size of the digested emulsionsexhibited a decreasing trend. Zeta potential valuesalso exhibited a decreasing trend after the 1st h ofdigestion. The results of the study showed thatchitosan-whey protein isolate can be very wellutilised as a wall material for lipophilic compoundsas it confers the final product a higher encapsulationefficiency and aids in the release of about 59.17%of squalene from the encapsulated preparation.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present study was undertaken with the objective to study and compare the seminal parameters of fresh and frozen thawed semen of stallions of Indian breeds viz., Marwari, Manipuri and Zanskari. Semen was collected from nine apparently healthy stallions (three stallions from each breed) aged between 4 to 6 years. A total of 54 ejaculates (6 ejaculates from each stallion) were evaluated on the basis of colour, consistency, total volume, gel free volume, pH, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration, live sperm count, sperm abnormality, hypoosmotic swelling test, acrosomal integrity test and DNA integrity test. Post thaw evaluation of each semen sample was done on the basis of post thaw motility, live sperm count, hypo osmotic swelling test, acrosomal integrity test and DNA integrity test. It was observed that for the fresh semen evaluation parameters the stallions, but not breeds were found to be significant source of variation, for total semen volume (P<0.05); gel free volume (P<0.05); progressive sperm motility (P<0.05); total sperm concentration (P<0.01); live sperms percentage (P<0.05), HOST (P<0.05); acrosomal integrity test (P<0.05). For the post thaw seminal parameters the stallions and breeds both were found to be significant source of variation.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSqualene, a triterpenoid compound possessing excellent bioactivities, is not being utilized as a functional food ingredient due to its high susceptibility to oxidation. In the present study, the feasibility of chitosan-whey protein as an efficient wall material for squalene encapsulation using spray drying technique was attempted for functional food applications. The encapsulation efficiency of the squalene powder was found to be 75.4  plus or minus 0.22 percentage whereas other physico-chemical properties such as moisture content, flowability, solubility, peroxide value, etc. have shown satisfactory results. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that chitosan-whey protein was able to retain the thermal stability of squalene up to a temperature of 422 degree celsius. Furthermore, the functional food application of the encapsulated squalene in a bakery product (cake) exhibited significantly (p less than 0.05) better properties in terms of oxidative stability, sensory attributes than that of cake with pure squalene and control treatment. Hence, it can be concluded that emulsification of squalene in chitosan-whey protein and its subsequent encapsulation by spray drying can be a potential process to produce oxidatively stable encapsulates for the development of functional foods.Not Availabl

Allograft rejection requires STAT5a/b-regulated antiapoptotic activity in T cells but not B cells.

STATs play key roles in immune function. We examined the role of STAT5a/b in allograft rejection. STAT5a/b-deficient mice showed a 4-fold increased survival time of heart allografts (p < 0.01). Unlike wild type, purified STAT5a/b(-/-) T cells transferred to Ragl-/- recipients failed to mediate heart allograft rejection until supplemented with STAT5a/b(-/-) B cells. In vitro, STAT5a/b(-/-) T cells did not proliferate in response to Con A or alloantigens but entered apoptosis within 48 h (95 %). Activated STAT5a/b(-/-) T cells showed increased expression of proapoptotic (caspases, DNA repair genes, TNF/TNFR-associated factor family genes) and decreased antiapoptotic mRNAs in microarrays, while Western blots confirmed reduced antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and elevated proapoptotic Bax protein expression. Interestingly, at 24 h postactivation, STAT5a/b(+/+) and STAT5a/b(-/-) T cells produced similar levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma mRNA; ELISPOT assay showed an equivalent number of IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing T cells in both STAT5a/b(+/+) and STAT5a/b(-/-) splenic populations. Sera from STAT5a/b(+/+) and STAT5a/b(-/-) rejectors had donor-specific IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b Ab, while STAT5a/b deficiency had no impact on B cell survival or proliferation in response to LPS. Compared with allografts from STAT5a/b(+/+) recipients, heart allografts from STAT5a/b(-/-) recipients had markedly reduced infiltration by CD4 and CD8 T cells but increased infiltration by B cells and dense endothelial deposition of C4d, a marker of Immoral rejection. Thus, activated STAT5a/b(-/-) T cells produce cytokines prior to entering apoptosis, thereby promoting differentiation of B cells yielding donor-specific IgM and IgG Ab that mediate allograft rejection