70 research outputs found
Ingesta de metalls pesants i arsènic a partir de la dieta a Catalunya: part II (el mercuri i el plom)
Mercuri; Plom; Dieta totalMercury; Lead; Overall dietMercurio; Plomo; Dieta totalInforme sobre la presència dels metalls pesants en els principals aliments consumits a Catalunya i la seva ingesta a través de la dieta, ja que la sola vigilància del contingut en metalls no permet avaluar
el risc per a la salut. El treball, realitzat durant el període 2000-2002, es va plantejar com un estudi de dieta total i es van analitzar 1.008 mostres individuals corresponents als 36 aliments més consumits a Catalunya.Report about the presence of heavy metals in the main food consumed in Catalonia and its intake through the diet, since the single metal content monitoring can not assess to health risk. This work, achieved during the period 2000-2002, was raised as a total diet study and 1,008 individual samples from the 36 most consumed foods were analyzed in Catalonia.Informe sobre la presencia de los metales pesados en los principales alimentos consumidos en Cataluña y su ingesta a través de la dieta, ya que la sola vigilancia del contenido en metales no permite evaluar el riesgo para la salud. El trabajo, realizado durante el periodo 2000-2002, se planteó como un estudio de dieta total y se analizaron 1.008 muestras individuales correspondientes a los 36 alimentos más consumidos en Cataluña
Assessing the association between tourism and the alcohol urban environment in Barcelona: a cross-sectional study
Objectives: Alcohol availability and promotion are not distributed equally in the urban context. Evidence shows that the socioeconomic level seems to influence the amount of alcohol-related elements in an area. Some studies suggest that tourism could also affect the distribution of these elements. We explore with a valid instrument in a large city whether there is an association between high tourism pressure and a greater presence of alcohol-related elements in the urban environment. Design: Observational ecological study. Setting: The study was conducted in Barcelona during 2017-2018. Participants: We assessed urban exposure to alcohol by performing social systematic observation using the OHCITIES Instrument in a stratified random sample of 170 census tracts within the city's 73 neighbourhoods. Primary and secondary outcome measures: For each census tract we calculated the density of alcohol premises, and of promotion in public places per 1000 residents. We estimated tourism pressure using the number of tourist beds per 1000 residents in each neighbourhood and calculated quartiles. To assess the relationship between rate ratios of elements of alcohol urban environment and tourism pressure, we calculated Spearman correlations and fitted Poisson regression models with robust error variance. Results: The median densities obtained were of 8.18 alcohol premises and of 7.59 alcohol advertising and promotion elements visible from the public space per 1000 population. Census tracts with the highest tourism pressure had 2.5 (95% CI: 1.85-3.38) times more outlets and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.64-3.23) times more promotion elements per 1000 residents than those in the lowest tourism pressure quartile. Conclusions: We observed a strong association between tourism pressure and alcohol exposure in the city of Barcelona
La autoeficacia docente e investigadora del profesorado universitario: relación con su estilo docente e influencia en sus concepciones sobre el nexo docencia-investigación
The aim of this paper was to explore whether self-efficacy as teacher and researcher perceived by university lecturers was related to teaching styles and approaches. Two instruments were administered to 259 teachers at the University of Girona (Spain), who were active researchers and had a teaching workload of 9 ECTS or above. The results showed that self-efficacy as a researcher was the variable which yielded most differences. The higher the self-efficacy of the researcher, the stronger the belief that teaching was guided by research. Certain beliefs about the teaching-research nexus were very different according to the degree of self-efficacy as a researcher, while there were fewer differences in terms of gender and field of study.El objetivo de este trabajo es observar si la autoeficacia como profesor e investigador percibida por los profesores universitarios está relacionada con sus estilos o enfoques de enseñar. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos a 259 profesores de la Universidad de Girona con dedicación docente de 9 o más créditos y a miembros activos en tareas de investigación.En conclusión la variable autoeficacia como investigador es la variable que genera más diferencias. Los resultados indican que cuanto mayor es la autoeficacia como investigador, más fuerte es la convicción de que la investigación guía la enseñanza. Ciertas convicciones sobre el nexo docencia-investigación son muy diferenciadas según la autoeficacia investigadora y existen menos diferencias en función de las variables género y ámbito de estudio
Mechanisms of resistance in postharvest fruit-pathogen interaction
The objective of this review was to bring together concepts related to studies aimed at elucidating defense mechanisms against disease-causing agents, mainly in postharvest. Like plants, fruits are exposed to attack by pathogens that cause rot during postharvest storage, resulting in considerable losses. To control these pathogens, synthetic chemicals are used; however, since they are toxic, genetic resistance is regarded as a viable alternative. Fruits can withstand pathogens by means of physical barriers (presence of thick cuticular or trichome layers) and chemical ones, or through induced defenses that are activated once the host detects the presence of the pathogen, triggering the oxidative burst during the early hours of interaction. This burst entails the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2ˉ), hydroxyl radical (OHˉ) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the activation of genes involved in several metabolic pathways. The study of such mechanisms may allow detecting disease-resistant genetic materials, thus reducing the use of toxic products.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el gobierno español a través del proyecto AGL2011-30519-C03-03 y por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de México a través de los Fondos FOMIX-QRO-2010-C01-145514
Characterization of the CPAP-treated patient population in Catalonia
There are different phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), many of which have not been characterised. Identification of these different phenotypes is important in defining prognosis and guiding the therapeutic strategy. The aim of this study was to characterise the entire population of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-treated patients in Catalonia and identify specific patient profiles using cluster analysis.
A total of 72,217 CPAP-treated patients who contacted the Catalan Health System (CatSalut) during the years 2012 and 2013 were included. Six clusters were identified, classified as “Neoplastic patients” (Cluster 1, 10.4%), “Metabolic syndrome patients” (Cluster 2, 27.7%), “Asthmatic patients” (Cluster 3, 5.8%), “Musculoskeletal and joint disorder patients” (Cluster 4, 10.3%), “Patients with few comorbidities” (Cluster 5, 35.6%) and “Oldest and cardiac disease patients” (Cluster 6, 10.2%). Healthcare facility use and mortality were highest in patients from Cluster 1 and 6. Conversely, patients in Clusters 2 and 4 had low morbidity, mortality and healthcare resource use.
Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of CPAP-treated patients, and suggest that OSA is associated with a different prognosis in the clusters identified. These results suggest the need for a comprehensive and individualised approach to CPAP treatment of OSA.This study was supported by the Spanish Respiratory Society (SEPAR), Associació Lleidatana de Respiratori (ALLER) and ResMed, a company that provides diagnostic services and treatment for sleep apnoea
Vaginal versus Obstetric Infection Escherichia coli Isolates among Pregnant Women: Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Virulence Profile
Vaginal Escherichia coli colonization is related to obstetric
infections and the consequent development of infections in
newborns. Ampicillin resistance among E. coli strains is
increasing, which is the main choice for treating empirically
many obstetric and neonatal infections. Vaginal E. coli strains
are very similar to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli with
regards to the virulence factors and the belonging to phylogroup
B2. We studied the antimicrobial resistance and the genetic
virulence profile of 82 E. coli isolates from 638 vaginal
samples and 63 isolated from endometrial aspirate, placental and
amniotic fluid samples from pregnant women with obstetric
infections. The prevalence of E. coli in the vaginal samples was
13%, which was significant among women with associated risk
factors during pregnancy, especially premature preterm rupture
of membranes (p<0.0001). Sixty-five percent of the strains
were ampicillin-resistant. The E. coli isolates causing
obstetric infections showed higher resistance levels than
vaginal isolates, particularly for gentamicin (p = 0.001). The
most prevalent virulence factor genes were those related to the
iron uptake systems revealing clear targets for interventions.
More than 50% of the isolates belonged to the virulent B2 group
possessing the highest number of virulence factor genes. The
ampicillin-resistant isolates had high number of virulence
factors primarily related to pathogenicity islands, and the
remarkable gentamicin resistance in E. coli isolates from women
presenting obstetric infections, the choice of the most
appropriate empiric treatment and clinical management of
pregnant women and neonates should be carefully made. Taking
into account host-susceptibility, the heterogeneity of E. coli
due to evolution over time and the geographical area,
characterization of E. coli isolates colonizing the vagina and
causing obstetric infections in different regions may help to
develop interventions and avoid the aetiological link between
maternal carriage and obstetric and subsequent puerperal
infections
Significant Clinical Activity of Olaparib in a Somatic BRCA1-Mutated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer With Brain Metastasis
Breast cancer is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease, and patients with similar clinical stage have markedly different outcomes. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).1,2 This subtype represents 15% to 20% of all breast cancers and is associated with the worst outcome of all subtypes, with greater tendency to distant recurrence in general and visceral metastasis in particular, including brain metastasis.3,4 To date, chemotherapy remains the standard of care for TNB
Physiology and toxicology teachers’ coordination. A case study in the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona
El aprendizaje es un proceso continuo que no debería finalizar una vez aprobada una determinada asignatura. En cualquier estudio universitario hay muchas materias que, para su comprensión, requieren de conocimientos adquiridos previamente en otras. En los estudios de Farmacia del plan 2002, los profesores de toxicología habían constatado que los estudiantes de dicha asignatura no recordaban conceptos básicos cursados en asignaturas de semestres anteriores. La asignatura de toxicología necesita para su comprensión conocimientos de, entre otras materias, fisiología y fisiopatología. Por esta razón se planteó la necesidad de hacer una actuación conjunta entre los profesores de Fisiología y Toxicología.
Los objetivos de este proyecto fueron: a) Identificación de los contenidos fisiológicos y fisiopatológicos que los alumnos deben conocer para el seguimiento de la asignatura de toxicología. b) Unificación terminológica. c) Realización de un conjunto de preguntas básicas sobre estos contenidos. d) Detección, a través de estas preguntas, de los temas o grupos de temas con porcentajes más altos de respuestas incorrectas. e) Detectar los temas de fisiología y fisiopatología en los que hay que hacer más hincapié para favorecer el seguimiento de toxicología. En esta comunicación se describe la experiencia y los resultados obtenidos.Learning is a continuous process that should be still performed once a particular subject has been passed. In the university, many subjects require prior knowledge of others subjects for better understanding. During the Pharmacy curriculum of 2002, toxicology teachers observed that students did not seem to remember the basic concepts presumably acquired in previous semesters. For example, for the toxicology subject, students should have basic knowledge of physiology and pathophysiology. For this reason, a joint action among physiology and toxicology teachers was considered.
The objectives of this project were: a) Identifying the physiological and pathophysiological aspects that students should know to follow the toxicology course. b) Reaching agreement over the common terminology. c) Executing a set of basic questions about these physiological and pathophysiological aspects. d) Detecting through these questions, the topics with a highest percentage of incorrect answers. e) Identifying which physiology and pathophysiology topics should be emphasized to encourage students to follow the toxicology subject. This communication describes the experience and outcomes of this project
Preferències dels estudiants en relació al tema d’estudi del TFG de Farmàcia (UB)
Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524El TFG del grau de farmàcia UB es porta a terme en el marc d’un àmbit docent principal i integra coneixements de com a mínim, dos àmbits docents addicionals atès la seva funció integradora. En el moment de definir les directrius i organització de l’assignatura, es van establir a la Facultat de Farmàcia 27 àmbits docents.
Tanmateix, les característiques del TFG quan a tipus de projectes o estudis es van establir inicialment en base a tres opcions..
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