Desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a melhoria do sistema de criação em cativeiro do pirarucu, Arapaima gigas.

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Streptococcus mutans transcriptome in the presence of sodium fluoride and sucrose

Objective: Considering the diverse mechanisms by which fluoride could affect oral bacteria, this study evaluated the effect of sodium fluoride onStreptococcus mutans transcriptome in the presence of sucrose. Methods: S. mutans UA159 was cultured in 3 different types of media: medium control[TY], sucrose control [TY_S], and sodium fluoride sucrose test[TY_S_NaF]. Triplicates of each group were sampled at exponential phase 3 h after inoculation, total RNA was isolated, mRNA enriched and cDNA paired-end sequenced (Illumina Hi-Seq2500). Results: Genes related toS. mutans adhesion(gtfB and gtfC), acidogenicity and sugar transport were up-regulated in the presence of sucrose(TY_S) and sucrose/fluoride(TY_S_NaF), whereas gene dltA, D-alanine-activating enzyme, which is related to regulation of non-PTS sugar internalization was down-regulated. Up-regulation of the scrA gene and the PTS fructose-and mannose system, as well as functions such as those involved in stress and defence responses and peptidases; and down-regulation of lacACDG and pyruvate formate-lyase were observed in the TY_S_NaF group, as compared to TY_S group. Conclusions: The presence of NaF has decreased the overall gene expression level inS. mutans. However, its major effect seems to be the inducing of expression of genes involved in some PEP:PTS systems and other metabolic transporters which imply specific cellular internalisation of sugars

The role of Candida albicans in root caries biofilms: an RNA-seq analysis

Objective: This study sought to analyze the gene expression of Candida albicans in sound root surface and root caries lesions, exploring its role in root caries pathogenesis. Methodology: The differential gene expression of C. albicans and the specific genes related to cariogenic traits were studied in association with samples of biofilm collected from exposed sound root surface (SRS, n=10) and from biofilm and carious dentin of active root carious lesions (RC, n=9). The total microbial RNA was extracted, and the cDNA libraries were prepared and sequenced on the Illumina Hi-Seq2500. Unique reads were mapped to 163 oral microbial reference genomes including two chromosomes of C. albicans SC5314 (14,217 genes). The putative presence of C. albicans was estimated (sum of reads/total number of genes≥1) in each sample. Count data were normalized (using the DESeq method package) to analyze differential gene expression (using the DESeq2R package) applying the Benjamini-Hochberg correction (FDR<0.05). Results: Two genes (CaO19.610, FDR=0.009; CaO19.2506, FDR=0.018) were up-regulated on SRS, and their functions are related to biofilm formation. Seven genes ( UTP20 , FDR=0.018; ITR1 , FDR=0.036; DHN6 , FDR=0.046; CaO19.7197 , FDR=0.046; CaO19.7838 , FDR=0.046; STT4 , FDR=0.046; GUT1 , FDR=0.046) were up-regulated on RC and their functions are related to metabolic activity, sugar transport, stress tolerance, invasion and pH regulation. The use of alternative carbon sources, including lactate, and the ability to form hypha may be a unique trait of C. albicans influencing biofilm virulence. Conclusions: C. albicans is metabolically active in SRS and RC biofilm, with different roles in health and disease

Gene expression profile of Scardovia spp. in the metatranscriptome of root caries

A few investigations of caries biofilms have identified Scardovia spp.; however, little is known about its involvement in caries pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to assess the gene expression profile of Scardovia spp. in root caries, and compare it with other microorganisms. Clinical samples from active root caries lesions were collected. Microbial mRNA was isolated and cDNA sequenced. The function and composition of the Scardovia were investigated using two methods: a) de novo assembly of the read data and mapping to contigs, and b) reads mapping to reference genomes. Pearson correlation was performed (p < 0.05). Proportion of Scardovia inopinata and Scardovia wiggsiae sequences ranged from 0-6% in the root caries metatranscriptome. There was a positive correlation between the transcriptome of Lactobacillus spp. and Scardovia spp. (r = 0.70; p = 0.03), as well as with other Bifidobacteriaceae (r = 0.91; p = 0.0006). Genes that code for fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase (the key enzyme for “Bifid shunt”), as well as ABC transporters and glycosyl-hydrolases were highly expressed. In conclusion, “Bifid shunt” and starch metabolism are involved in carbohydrate metabolism of S. inopinata and S. wiggsiae in root caries. There is a positive correlation between the metabolism abundance of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacteriaceae members, and Scardovia in root caries

Religious Vehicle Stickers in Nigeria: a discourse of identity, faith and social vision

This study focuses on analysing the ways in which vehicle stickers construct individual and group identities, people’s religious faith and social vision in the context of religious assumptions and practices in Nigeria. Data comprise 73 vehicle stickers collected in Lagos and Ota, between 2006 and 2007 and are analysed within the framework of the post-structuralist model of discourse analysis which views discourse as a product of a complex system of social and institutional practices that sustain its continuous existence (Derrida, 1982; Fairclough, 1989, 1992, 1995; Foucault, 1972, 1981). Results show that through stickers people define their individual and group identities within religious institutional practices. And as a means of group identification, they guarantee social security and privileges. In constructing social vision the stickers help mould the individual aspiration about a future which transcends the present. Significantly, stickers in the data also reveal the tension between Islam and Christianity and the struggle to propagate one above the other. KEY WORDS: assumption, discourse, discursive, practices, religion, stickers

Clinical alert: Patterns of oxygen saturation in prolonged recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia

During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa, a recurrent pattern of prolonged recovery after acute COVID-19 pneumonia, characterised by low oxygen saturation levels for &gt;2 weeks, was observed in an intermediate-care facility in Cape Town. A case study together with a series of 12 patients is presented to illustrate this phenomenon, and two types of ‘sats gap’ are described, which were used by physiotherapists and doctors to monitor daily progress. We attempt to explain this prolonged recovery in terms of the possible pathophysiology, and suggest a number of learning points to guide further research

Eficiência no uso da água da vegetação na microbacia hidrográfica do córrego Cabeceira Comprida.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar a evapotranspiração, a biomassa e a produtividade da água da microbacia do córrego Cabeceira Comprida que sofreu mudança espaço-temporal no uso do solo e nos diferentes agrupamentos de espécies presentes, especialmente na área definida como de preservação permanente

Actinomyces spp. gene expression in root caries lesions

Background: studies of the distribution of Actinomyces spp. on carious and non-carious root surfaces have not been able to confirm the association of these bacteria with root caries, although they were extensively implicated as a prime suspect in root caries. Objective: the aim of this study was to observe the gene expression of Actinomyces spp. in the microbiota of root surfaces with and without caries. Design: the oral biofilms from exposed sound root surface (SRS; n=10) and active root caries (RC; n=30) samples were collected. The total bacterial RNA was extracted and the mRNA was isolated. Samples with low RNA concentration were pooled, yielding a final sample size of SRS=10 and RC=9. cDNA libraries were prepared and sequenced on the Illumina Hi-Seq2500. Sequence reads were mapped to eight Actinomyces genomes. Count data were normalized using DESeq2 to analyse differential gene expression applying the Benjamini-Hochberg correction (FDR0.05), except for Actinomyces OT178 (p=0.001) and A. gerencseriae (p=0.004), which had higher read count in the SRS. Genes that code for stress proteins (clp, dnaK and groEL), enzymes of glycolysis pathways (including, enolase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), adhesion (Type-2 fimbrial and collagen-binding protein) and cell growth (EF-Tu) were highly, but not differentially (p>0.001) expressed in both groups. Genes with the most significant up-regulation in RC were those coding for hypothetical proteins and uracil DNA glycosylase (p=2.61E-17). The gene with the most significant up-regulation in SRS was a peptide ABC transporter substrate-binding protein (log2FC= -6.00, FDR= 2.37E-05). Conclusion: there were similar levels of Actinomyces gene expression in both sound and carious root biofilms. These bacteria can be commensal in root surface sites, but may be cariogenic due to survival mechanisms allowing them to exist in acid environment and metabolize sugars saving energy