Evidence confirms an anthropic origin of Amazonian Dark Earths

Archaeology of the America

Evaporative Cooling In Tropical Climate: Case Study Of Campinas, Brazil

In Brazil, a country with great territorial extension, a major extension of the territory is in tropical climate. So the challenge for researchers and designers is to achieve comfortable indoor temperatures and to contribute to energy saving. The objective of this paper is to present a discussion about the results obtained in a case study accomplished in cell-tests with roof evaporative cooling in Campinas, SP. Comparative monitoring of surface internal temperature of roof tiles, simultaneously with and without water spraying at different time intervals, as well as attic air temperatures of corresponding cell-tests are presented. The technique allowed verifying a significant difference in the tile surface internal temperature, even when water spraying occurred in small time intervals. Results show that evaporative cooling in fiber-cement tiles for heat attenuation with reduced time intervals of water spraying, even in season with high relative humidity could be a passive cooling technique for low-income housing, for which those tiles are frequently the only roof component.II887II891http://waste.ideal.es/pationazari.htmhttp://www.libanoshow.com/home/cultura_arabe/iberica.htmhttp://www.vitruvius.com.br/arquitextos/arq000/esp, 327.aspCook, J., (2002) Passive Cooling, , Cambridge: The Mit Press, 3rd printingGivoni, B., (1994) Passive and Low Energy Cooling of Buildings, , New York: Van Nostrand ReinholdGivoni, B., Performance of the shower cooling tower in different climates (1997) Renewable Energy, 10 (2-3), pp. 173-178Yajima, S., Givoni, B., Experimental performance of the shower cooling tower in Japan (1997) Renewable Energy, 10 (2-3), pp. 179-1983Tang, R., Etzion, E., Erell, E., Experimental studies on a novel roof pond configuration for the cooling of buildings (2003) Renewable Energy, 28, pp. 1513-1522Nahar, N.M., Sharma, P., Purohit, M.M., Performance of different passive techniques for cooling of buildings in arid regions (2003) Building and Environment, (38), pp. 109-116(2005) Norma Técnica 15220-3, , ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS - ABNT Desempenho Térmico de Edificações. Parte 3 Zoneamento bioclimático brasileiro e diretrizes construtivas para habitações unifamiliares de interesse socia

Studies Of Thermal Behaviour Of Radiant Cooling In Tropical Climate

This paper presents studies about the performance of the built environment according to application of radiant cooling in roofing systems for the city of Campinas, SP. Studies involving the local architecture, constructive techniques, materials and climatic conditions are of increasing importance, indicating that the roof as construction element, is the most exposed to the climatic conditions in a building. The radiant cooling systems (sticking aluminum film - RCF) were applied to metallic and PVC pressured membrane covering. Results are expected to contribute in adapting projects to the local climatic characteristics, transferring knowledge to the designers and providing energy saving.1407411Olgyay, V., (2002) Arquitectura y Clima: Manual de Diseño Bioclimático Para Arquitectos y Urbanistas, Translated from the Original Design with Climate, , Gustavo Gilli, BarcelonaGivoni, B., Comfort, climate analysis and building design guidelines (1992) Energy and Buildings, 18(1998) Desempenho Térmico de Edificações, Parte 3: Zoneamento Bioclimático Brasileiro e Diretrizes Construtivas Para Habitações Unifamiliares de Interesse Social, , http://labee.ufsc.br/conforto/index.html, Projeto de norma 02:135.07.001, Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, The Norm is alsoCook, J., Cooling, P., (2002) Series: Solar Heat Technologies, 8. , CambridgeBretz, S.E., Akbari, H., Long-term performance of high-albedo roof coatings (1997) Energy and Buildings, 25Prado, R.T.A., Ferreira, F.L., Measurement of albedo and analysis of its influence the surface temperature of building roof materials (2005) Energy and Buildings, 3

Efeitos da interação genótipo x ambiente no ciclo e na coloração do tegumento dos grãos do feijoeiro comum Genotype x environment interaction efects in cycle grain in common tegument colour and cycle in bean cultivars

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da interação genótipo x ambiente, visando identificar cultivares de feijão com estabilidade para a coloração do tegumento dos grãos e para o ciclo na região da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul. Seis experimentos foram instalados nos anos agrícolas 2000/01, 2001/02 e 2002/03, nos cultivos de safra (semeadura em setembro-outubro) e de safrinha (semeadura em janeiro-fevereiro), em área do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, e os tratamentos consistiram de 16 cultivares de feijão. Os resultados evidenciaram que a coloração do tegumento dos grãos em cultivares de feijoeiro comum do grupo comercial carioca é influenciada pelo ambiente. As cultivares Carioca, Diamante Negro, TPS Nobre e TPS Bionobre apresentam alta previsibilidade para obter grãos de feijão de cor de tegumento adequados às exigências do mercado consumidor. Nenhuma cultivar de feijão apresentou estabilidade para ciclo.<br>The objective this work was to assess the effects of genotype x environment interaction in order to identify bean cultivars with stability for grain tegument colour and cycle in the central depression region of Rio Grande do Sul in order to guide breeding programs. Six experiments, with 16 common bean cultivars were conducted during the 2000/01, 2001/02 and 2002/03 growing season and sowing was carried out on Set/Out (Crop 1) and on Jan/Fev (Crop 2) in experimental fields of the Plant Science Department of the Santa Maria Federal University. Complete randomized blocks with three replications as used. Results showed that colour of grain tegument in carioca beans was influenciated by the environment. 'Carioca', 'Diamante Negro', 'TPS Nobre' and 'TPS Bionobre' showed high predictability for production of bean grains with tegument colour with acceptable preference by consumers. Nothing bean cultivar showed stability for cicle