Predição do consumo de matéria seca de cabras leiteiras durante a gestação.

Resumo: O período da gestação é caracterizado por importantes mudanças fisiológicas no corpo materno tais como a diminuição da ingestão de alimento no último terço de gestação em fêmeas com gestação de múltiplos fetos. O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver modelos para predizer a ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) em cabras durante gestação simples e gemelar. Parar este estudo, foram usadas 1820 observações de IMS, obtidos diariamente a partir de sete cabras com gestação gemelar e seis cabras com gestação simples a partir do primeiro dia até os 140 dias de gestação. A IMS diária foi ajustada em três modelos não lineares, os quais foram avaliados através do critério de informação Bayesiana (BIC) como um indicador de melhor ajuste do modelo aos dados. O modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados foi o modelo quadrático, com valor de BIC de 11549. Os interceptos e coeficientes de regressões do modelo quadrático utilizado para predição do IMS diário foram diferentes entre gestação simples e gemelar (P< 0.01). Comparado as cabras com gestação simples, as cabras com gestação gemelar tiveram maior decréscimo na IMS durante a gestação. Esse decréscimo na IMS em fêmeas com gestação gemelar se deve principalmente a mudanças hormonais e a maior compressão ruminal causada pelo maior tamanho de seus úteros grávidos. Os modelos desenvolvidos nesse estudo devem de ser considerados no manejo nutricional de cabras leiteiras durante a gestação. [Prediction of dry matter intake of dairy goats during pregnancy]. Abstract: The pregnancy is characterized by important physiological changes in maternal body such as a decrease on feed intake in the last third of pregnancy mainly in pregnancy of multiples fetuses. The objective of this study was to develop a model to predict the dry matter intake (DMI) of dairy goats carrying single and twin fetuses throughout pregnancy. For this study it was used a total of 1820 individual records of DMI from seven goats carrying twins and six goats carrying single fetuses. The DMI was daily recorded from the first up to 140 days of pregnancy. The daily DMI as a proportion of the average BW was fitted to tree non-linear models which were evaluated considering the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) value as an indicator how well the model fit the data. The best model fitting the data was the quadratic model with had BIC value of 11549. The intercepts and the slopes of the quadratic models used to predict the daily DMI were different between litter sizes (P < 0.01). Goats carrying twin fetuses showed a greater decrease in the DMI during pregnancy compared to goats carrying single fetus. The decrease of feed intake in females carrying twins may be mainly related to hormonal changes and a greatest rumen compression due to the biggest size of the gravid uterus. The models developed in this study may be relevant in the adoption of nutritional management of dairy goats during the pregnancy

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population