A two-layer model for linear stability analysis of shelf-slope currents.

A method for obtaining the normal mode solution of a linear two-layer system over sloping topography has been derived and implemented, providing a basic tool for analysing the disper- sion relation and modal structure of stable and unstable baroclinic shelf waves. Model results are compared with analytical solutions for a step-shelf profile with no background flow and a linearly sloping channel with flow in both layers. A case study for the West Spitsbergen Shelf topography is also presented

Barotropic instability in the West Spitsbergen Current

Barotropic instability in the shoreward branch of the West Spitsbergen Current is investigated on the basis of data from an array of current meter moorings along 78.83°N, across the upper continental slope and shelf break west of Svalbard. The slowly varying background current profile is modeled as an along‐slope, asymmetric jet anchored to the shelf break. Numerical linear stability analyses are performed on the idealized current profile and topography, revealing the characteristic period, wavelength, and growth rate of unstable vorticity waves. Detailed analysis of the ambient current profile in 2007–2008 shows that unstable conditions are present during ∼40% of the 10 month measurement record, depending on the localization, width, and amplitude of the current jet. The resulting vorticity waves are localized at the shelf break and are able to exchange water masses across the oceanic Arctic front. Typical wavelengths and periods are 20–40 km and 40–70 h, respectively. Wavelet, coherence, and complex demodulation analyses of the current meter data confirm that transient signals of similar periodicity as predicted by the stability analysis exist in the data record, prominently during the winter and spring months. Estimates of the heat loss contribution from isopycnal diffusion reach 1.4 TW during the time intervals when unstable vorticity waves are active at the shelf break, implying that the dynamics of the West Spitsbergen Current play a significant role in the cooling process of the Atlantic water on the way to the Arctic Ocean. This cooling corresponds to an along‐shelf cooling rate of −0.08°C per 100 km

Challenges with sea ice action on structures for Offshore wind

EU urgently needs to increase the development of secure and green energy, and this includes renewables such as Offshore wind energy. An expansion of Offshore wind will include the Baltic where sea ice is one of the major uncertainties. To ensure that the w ind turbines are safe for people and the environment, while keeping them economically competitive better guidelines and regulations should b e developed collaboratively by European industry and academia. There are unsolved challenge s with respect to ice action on structures for offshore wind. However, in the current draft for Horizon Europe Work Programme 2023-2024 on Climate, Energy and Mobility1, the challenges related to sea ice with regards to Offshore wind energy are not mentioned. In order to meet the crucial green energy goals, it is our statement that it is imperative to include sea ice i n the final version

Challenges with sea ice action on structures for Offshore wind

EU urgently needs to increase the development of secure and green energy, and this includes renewables such as Offshore wind energy. An expansion of Offshore wind will include the Baltic where sea ice is one of the major uncertainties. To ensure that the w ind turbines are safe for people and the environment, while keeping them economically competitive better guidelines and regulations should b e developed collaboratively by European industry and academia. There are unsolved challenge s with respect to ice action on structures for offshore wind. However, in the current draft for Horizon Europe Work Programme 2023-2024 on Climate, Energy and Mobility1, the challenges related to sea ice with regards to Offshore wind energy are not mentioned. In order to meet the crucial green energy goals, it is our statement that it is imperative to include sea ice i n the final version.Offshore Engineerin

Challenges with sea ice action on structuresfor Offshore wind

EU urgently needs to increase the development of secure and green energy, and this includes renewables such as Offshore wind energy. An expansion of Offshore wind will include the Baltic where sea ice is one of the major uncertainties. To ensure that the wind turbines are safe for people and the environment, while keeping them economically competitive betterguidelines and regulations should be developedcollaboratively by European industry and academia. There are unsolved challenges with respect to ice action on structures for offshore wind. However, in the current draft for Horizon Europe WorkProgramme 2023-2024 on Climate, Energy and Mobility1, the challenges related to sea ice with regards toOffshore wind energy are not mentioned. In order to meet the crucial green energy goals, it is our statement that it is imperative to include sea ice in the final version.</p

Challenges with sea ice action on structuresfor Offshore wind

EU urgently needs to increase the development of secure and green energy, and this includes renewables such as Offshore wind energy. An expansion of Offshore wind will include the Baltic where sea ice is one of the major uncertainties. To ensure that the wind turbines are safe for people and the environment, while keeping them economically competitive betterguidelines and regulations should be developedcollaboratively by European industry and academia. There are unsolved challenges with respect to ice action on structures for offshore wind. However, in the current draft for Horizon Europe WorkProgramme 2023-2024 on Climate, Energy and Mobility1, the challenges related to sea ice with regards toOffshore wind energy are not mentioned. In order to meet the crucial green energy goals, it is our statement that it is imperative to include sea ice in the final version.</p

Challenges with sea ice action on structuresfor Offshore wind

EU urgently needs to increase the development of secure and green energy, and this includes renewables such as Offshore wind energy. An expansion of Offshore wind will include the Baltic where sea ice is one of the major uncertainties. To ensure that the wind turbines are safe for people and the environment, while keeping them economically competitive betterguidelines and regulations should be developedcollaboratively by European industry and academia. There are unsolved challenges with respect to ice action on structures for offshore wind. However, in the current draft for Horizon Europe WorkProgramme 2023-2024 on Climate, Energy and Mobility1, the challenges related to sea ice with regards toOffshore wind energy are not mentioned. In order to meet the crucial green energy goals, it is our statement that it is imperative to include sea ice in the final version