Information Systems Governance as a System of Rules: Hierarchical and Heterarchical Implementation

Information Systems Governance (ISG) can be defined as a set of rules allowing executives and skateholders to determine how they will decide on the Information System management. The first objective of this paper is to propose a set of meta-rules addressing different aspects of ISG, which are instantiated in each company setting. The second objective is to propose two constrasting models of ISG, which instantiate differently the set of rules. Conventional view of ISG includes hierarchical and centralized control with little flexibility to support rapidly changing organizations. Heterarchical forms are more and more frequently observed in ISG practices (agility, transversality, decentralization...). However, if uncontrolled, heterarchy can lead to the emergence of anarchic phenomena, such as instability, increased conflicts, and waste of resources. Approaching ISG through rules implementation can help controlling heterarchical forms. In the first part of our paper, we describe an ISG as a set of the rules, based on Elinor Ostrom’s work and her IAD (Institutional Analysis and Development) framework. In a second part, we develop each type of rule first according to a hierarchical view, then to a heterarchical one. Beyond theoretical contribution, the proposed set of rules can help CIOs involved in improving ISG. It can also be used to make an organizational analysis of heterarchical practices of a company’s ISG

On the use of the stepped isostress method in the prediction of creep behavior of polyamide 6

The stepped isostress method (SSM) is an advanced technique which allows the prediction of the long-term behavior and enables the construction of creep master curves of materials with short-term experimental tests. However, the performance of this method is highly dependent on the numerical model and the time spent in data processing. In this paper, the effect of the extrapolation techniques on the creep curves trend is investigated using the SSM data of Polyamide test. Three extrapolation functions are used to offset the delay of the stress history: polynomial, power and exponential functions. Furthermore, a numerical routine is developed during the last step of the SSM, where the shift factors are computed taking into account the rescaling and the dwell times of each level of stresses. The processing of the SSM raw data has revealed that the rescaling parameters are the most determining factors to reach an accurate long-term creep curves. The rescaling process has shown an appropriate time, whether achieved by the exponential or power functions. Larger shift factors for exponential functions are assessed and therefore a long period of creep master curve was obtained

Impact of sensorless neural direct torque control in a fuel cell traction system

Due to the reliability and relatively low cost and modest maintenance requirement of the induction machine make it one of the most widely used machines in industrial applications. The speed control is one of many problems in the traction system, researchers went to new paths instead the classical controllers as PI controller, they integrated the artificial intelligent for its yield. The classical DTC is a method of speed control by using speed sensor and PI controller, it achieves a decoupled control of the electromagnetic torque and the stator flux in the stationary frame, besides, the use of speed sensors has several drawbacks such as the fragility and the high cost, for this reason, the specialists went to propose an estimators as Kalman filter. The fuel cell is a new renewable energy, it has many applications in the traction systems as train, bus. This paper presents an improved control using DTC by integrate the neural network strategy without use speed sensor (sensorless control) to reduce overtaking and current ripple and static error in the system because the PI controller has some problems like this; and reduce the cost with use a renewable energy as fuel cell

Attacks on the HF Physical Layer of Contactless and RFID Systems

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A Review of Implementing ADC in RFID Sensor

The general considerations to design a sensor interface for passive RFID tags are discussed. This way, power and timing constraints imposed by ISO/IEC 15693 and ISO/IEC 14443 standards to HF RFID tags are explored. A generic multisensor interface is proposed and a survey analysis on the most suitable analog-to-digital converters for passive RFID sensing applications is reported. The most appropriate converter type and architecture are suggested. At the end, a specific sensor interface for carbon nanotube gas sensors is proposed and a brief discussion about its implemented circuits and preliminary results is made

A Novel and Robust Model of the GUPFC Controller System Based on Adaptive Fuzzy Logic- PI Controller to Enhance the Control System Performance in Following Reference Active and Reactive Power

The optimal electrical power transmission problem in electrical energy transmission lines has led to increased attention to the use of flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) and the design of double- and multi-circuit lines. Hence, recently, multi-converter FACTS devices have been utilized in the literature to control voltage and power of multi-circuit transmission lines. A generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC) is one of such emerging FACTS devices that can manage voltage and power control crisis in multi-circuit lines. The GUPFC is the most advanced generation of FACTS, which will be able to control active and reactive power in at least two circuits and voltage in one circuit with the best quality possible and satisfy the operator’s all requests. This paper, for the first time, presents the use of an adaptive control system design based on the proportional-integral (PI) controller and fuzzy system to enhance the fast and dynamic responsiveness of the system. PI systems alone cannot control the GUPFC under different operation conditions such as when the default reference values of active and reactive power are changed, or transient faults occur, or a transmission line experience outage. Thus, the use of a fuzzy controller, as a powerful tool, is very efficient in solving the mentioned problems. To analyze the proposed algorithm’s results, a test system and a GUPFC based on a 48-pulse voltage source converter (VSC) are implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The satisfactory results obtained in the simulation section verify the correct performance of the suggested method

RF and THz Identification Using a New Generation of Chipless RFID Tags

This article presents two chipless RFID approaches where data are reading using electromagnetic waves and where the medium encoding the data is completely passive. The former approach rests on the use of RF waves (more precisely the ultra-wide band UWB). The tags developed for this application are comparable with very specific, planar, conductive, radar targets where the relation between the tag geometry and its electromagnetic signature is perfectly known and is used to encode the data. The principle of operation as well as the realization process of the RF tags presented in this paper is similar to those already reported in the literature. However, contrary to the majority of chipless RFID tags, these labels do not present an antenna function dissociated from the circuit part where the data are stored. Here, functions such as the receiver, the treatment and the emitter of the signal are closely dependent. The data storage capacity of the RF chipless tags is proportional to of the used frequency bandwidth. As radio spectrum is regulated, the number of possible encoding bits is thus strongly limited with this technology. This is the reason why we introduce a new family of tags radically different from the preceding one, where data is encoded in volume thanks to a multilayer structure operating in the THz domain. These two approaches although different are complementary and allow to increase significantly the data storage capacity of the chipless tags. Simulation and experimental results are reported in this paper for both configurations. We demonstrate a coding capacity of 3.3 bit/cm2 for RFID chipless tags and a potential 10 bits coding capacity in the THz domain

Dense and long-term monitoring of Earth surface processes with passive RFID -- a review

Billions of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) passive tags are produced yearly to identify goods remotely. New research and business applications are continuously arising, including recently localization and sensing to monitor earth surface processes. Indeed, passive tags can cost 10 to 100 times less than wireless sensors networks and require little maintenance, facilitating years-long monitoring with ten's to thousands of tags. This study reviews the existing and potential applications of RFID in geosciences. The most mature application today is the study of coarse sediment transport in rivers or coastal environments, using tags placed into pebbles. More recently, tag localization was used to monitor landslide displacement, with a centimetric accuracy. Sensing tags were used to detect a displacement threshold on unstable rocks, to monitor the soil moisture or temperature, and to monitor the snowpack temperature and snow water equivalent. RFID sensors, available today, could monitor other parameters, such as the vibration of structures, the tilt of unstable boulders, the strain of a material, or the salinity of water. Key challenges for using RFID monitoring more broadly in geosciences include the use of ground and aerial vehicles to collect data or localize tags, the increase in reading range and duration, the ability to use tags placed under ground, snow, water or vegetation, and the optimization of economical and environmental cost. As a pattern, passive RFID could fill a gap between wireless sensor networks and manual measurements, to collect data efficiently over large areas, during several years, at high spatial density and moderate cost.Comment: Invited paper for Earth Science Reviews. 50 pages without references. 31 figures. 8 table