640 research outputs found
A two-step biopolymer nucleation model shows a nonequilibrium critical point
Biopolymer self-assembly pathways are complicated by the ability of their monomeric subunits to adopt different conformational states. This means nucleation often involves a two-step mechanism where the monomers first condense to form a metastable intermediate, which then converts to a stable polymer by conformational rearrangement of constituent monomers. Nucleation intermediates play a causative role in amyloid diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. While existing mathematical models neglect the conversion dynamics, experiments show that conversion events frequently occur on comparable timescales to the condensation of intermediates and growth of mature polymers and thus cannot be ignored. We present a model that explicitly accounts for simultaneous assembly and conversion. To describe conversion, we propose an experimentally motivated initiation-propagation mechanism in which the stable phase arises locally within the intermediate and then spreads by nearest-neighbor interactions, in a manner analogous to one-dimensional Glauber dynamics. Our analysis shows that the competing timescales of assembly and conversion result in a nonequilibrium critical point, separating a regime where intermediates are kinetically unstable from one where conformationally mixed intermediates accumulate. This strongly affects the accumulation rate of the stable biopolymer phase. Our model is uniquely able to explain experimental phenomena such as the formation of mixed intermediates and abrupt changes in the scaling exponent γ, which relates the total monomer concentration to the accumulation rate of the stable phase. This provides a first step toward a general model of two-step biopolymer nucleation, which can quantitatively predict the concentration and composition of biologically crucial intermediates
The late stages of evolution of helium star-neutron star binaries and the formation of double neutron star systems
With a view to understanding the formation of double neutron-stars (DNS), we
investigate the late stages of evolution of helium stars with masses of 2.8 -
6.4 Msun in binary systems with a 1.4 Msun neutron-star companion. We found
that mass transfer from 2.8 - 3.3 Msun helium stars and from 3.3 - 3.8 Msun in
very close orbits (P_orb > 0.25d) will end up in a common-envelope (CE) and
spiral-in phase due to the development of a convective helium envelope. If the
neutron star has sufficient time to complete the spiraling-in process before
the core collapses, the system will produce very tight DNSs (P_orb ~ 0.01d)
with a merger timescale of the order of 1 Myr or less. These systems would have
important consequences for the detection rate of GWR and for the understanding
of GRB progenitors. On the other hand, if the time left until the explosion is
shorter than the orbital-decay timescale, the system will undergo a SN
explosion during the CE phase. Helium stars with masses 3.3 - 3.8 Msun in wider
orbits (P_orb > 0.25d) and those more massive than 3.8 Msun do not go through
CE evolution. The remnants of these massive helium stars are DNSs with periods
in the range of 0.1 - 1 d. This suggests that this range of mass includes the
progenitors of the galactic DNSs with close orbits (B1913+16 and B1534+12). A
minimum kick velocity of 70 km/s and 0 km/s (for B1913+16 and B1534+12,
respectively) must have been imparted at the birth of the pulsar's companion.
The DNSs with wider orbits (J1518+4904 and probably J1811-1736) are produced
from helium star-neutron star binaries which avoid RLOF, with the helium star
more massive than 2.5 Msun. For these systems the minimum kick velocities are
50 km/s and 10 km/s (for J1518+4904 and J1811-1736, respectively).Comment: 16 pages, latex, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
The transfer of fibres in the carding machine
The problem of understanding the transfer of fibres between carding-machine surfaces is addressed by considering the movement of a single fibre in an airflow. The structure of the aerodynamic flow field predicts how and when fibres migrate between the different process surfaces. In the case of a revolving-flats carding machine the theory predicts a “strong” aerodynamic mechanism between taker-in and cylinder and a “weak” mechanism between cylinder and removal cylinder resulting in effective transfer in the first case and a more limited transfer in the second
Data Set for the Reporting of Malignant Odontogenic Tumors Explanations and Recommendations of the Guidelines From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting
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Schwinger Terms and Cohomology of Pseudodifferential Operators
We study the cohomology of the Schwinger term arising in second quantization
of the class of observables belonging to the restricted general linear algebra.
We prove that, for all pseudodifferential operators in 3+1 dimensions of this
type, the Schwinger term is equivalent to the ``twisted'' Radul cocycle, a
modified version of the Radul cocycle arising in non-commutative differential
geometry. In the process we also show how the ordinary Radul cocycle for any
pair of pseudodifferential operators in any dimension can be written as the
phase space integral of the star commutator of their symbols projected to the
appropriate asymptotic component.Comment: 19 pages, plain te
Pair excitations and parameters of state of imbalanced Fermi gases at finite temperatures
The spectra of low-lying pair excitations for an imbalanced two-component
superfluid Fermi gas are analytically derived within the path-integral
formalism taking into account Gaussian fluctuations about the saddle point. The
spectra are obtained for nonzero temperatures, both with and without imbalance,
and for arbitrary interaction strength. On the basis of the pair excitation
spectrum, we have calculated the thermodynamic parameters of state of cold
fermions and the first and second sound velocities. The parameters of pair
excitations show a remarkable agreement with the Monte Carlo data and with
experiment.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Flamingo Vol. I N 3
Voo-Doo. Untitled. Prose. 1.
Widow. Untitled. Prose. 1.
Tiger. Untitled. Prose. 1.
Purple Cow. Untitled. Prose. 1.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 1.
Life. Untitled. Prose. 2.
Yale Record. Untitled. Prose. 2.
Voo-Doo. Untitled. Prose. 2.
Sour Owl. Untitled. Prose. 2.
Puppet. Untitled. Prose. 2.
Sun Dial. Untitled. Prose. 2.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 2.
Nottingham, Ruth. Teddy . Prose. 5.
Grogan. Untitled. Picture. 7.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 7.
Anonymous. An Easy One . Prose. 7.
Anonymous. How Terrible! Prose. 7.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 7.
Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 7.
F.H.G. Untitled. Picture. 7.
Wood, J.E.F. When mother Went to College . Prose. 8.
E.D.T. Chicago Corn Exchange . Poem. 8.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 8.
Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 8.
Anonymous. All But . Prose. 8.
R.D.B. Roscoe to The Rescue . Prose. 9.
Leet, L.D. On The Efficacy of Dreams . Prose. 10.
Orange Ade. The Fable of the Coffin Nailer . Prose. 11.
Orange Ade. Time Wasted . Prose. 11.
Orange Ade. The Americanized Boy . Prose. 11.
Orange Ade. Anything to Oblige . Prose. 11.
Orange Ade. Tit For Tat . Prose. 11.
Orange Ade. Good Alibi . Prose. 11.
Orange Ade. Untitled. Prose. 11.
Grogan. Untitled. Picture. 11.
Lusk, R.G. On The Absurdity of Catching Fish When A-Fishing . Prose. 12.
Anonymous. Co-eds and Plain Eds in 1950 . Picture. 13.
Potter, W.M. Letters of A Japanese Sandman . Prose. 13.
Anonymous. Ex Facultate . Prose. 13.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 13.
R.J.S. An Uplifting Influence . Picture. 13.
Anonymous. Consider the Luxite Girl . Poem. 14.
Anonymous. Shades of Orpheus . Poem. 14.
Anonymous. With The Gospel Team . Poem. 14.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 14.
Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 14.
Anonymous. A Dirty Trick . Prose. 14.
Taylor, Elsie D. Vestigial Customs . Prose. 15.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 16.
Anonymous. A New version of Anthropology . Prose. 18.
Anonymous. A New version of Anthropology . Picture. 18.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 18.
Funk, Dorothy K. Untitled. Picture. 18.
Anonymous. A Deep one . Prose. 18.
Anonymous. Take His Name . Prose. 18.
Olney, Clarke. The Evolution of An Intellectual . Prose. 19.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 19.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 20.
W.A.W. On Getting Up For Breakfast . Prose. 20.
McCann. Untitled. Picture. 21.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 21.
Anonymous. S.S.S. . Prose. 21.
Anonymous. The Judge Disagreed . Prose. 21.
Anonymous. The Modern Woman . Prose. 21.
Anonymous. Denison Slang in Japan . Prose. 22.
Anonymous. Being Specific . Prose. 22.
Anonymous. Then The Fun Began . Prose. 22.
Anonymous. Then The Fun Began . Prose. 22.
Anonymous. Chess Nuts . Poem. 22.
Anonymous. Chess Nuts . Picture. 22.
Funk, Dorothy K. Untitled. Picture. 22.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 22.
Reel, Virginia. Untitled. Prose. 22.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 23.
Anonymous. Take This to Heart . Prose. 23.
Anonymous. Stepping Out . Picture. 23.
Olney, Clarke. Untitled. Picture. 23.
Anonymous. To Lalage . Prose. 23.
Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 24.
Anonymous. Description of the Day . Prose. 25.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 25.
Voo-Doo. Good Bizziness . Prose. 26.
Anonymous. Fore! . Prose. 26.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 26.
Brelsford, Ernest C. Souveniring . Prose. 27.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 30.
Burr. Sweet Dreams . Prose. 30.
Jester. Untitled. Prose. 30.
Judge. Untitled. Prose. 30.
Goblin. Untitled. Prose. 30.
Cracker. Sanitation . Poem. 32.
Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 32.
Jester. Untitled. Prose. 32.
Goblin. Untitled. Prose. 32.
Record. Untitled. Prose. 32.
Linotype. Untitled. Prose. 32.
Holt, Kilburn. The Schemer\u27s Lament . Poem. 7.
Owen, Ernest t. Mother . Poem. 3.
Owen, Ernest T. To--- . Poem. 24
Pion-Muon Asymmetry Revisited
Long ago an unexpected and unexplainable phenomena was observed. The
distribution of muons from positive pion decay at rest was anisotropic with an
excess in the backward direction relative to the direction of the proton beam
from which the pions were created. Although this effect was observed by several
different groups with pions produced by different means, the result was not
accepted by the physics community, because it is in direct conflict with a
large set of other experiments indicating that the pion is a pseudoscalar
particle. It is possible to satisfy both sets of experiments if helicity-zero
vector particles exist and the pion is such a particle. Helicity-zero vector
particles have direction but no net spin. For the neutral pion to be a vector
particle requires an additional modification to conventional theory as
discussed herein. An experiment is proposed which can prove that the asymmetry
in the distribution of muons from pion decay is a genuine physical effect
because the asymmetry can be modified in a controllable manner. A positive
result will also prove that the pion is NOT a pseudoscalar particle.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
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