Impact of seeding rate, seeding date, rate and method of phosphorus application in faba bean (Vicia faba L. minor) in the absence of moisture stress

Field experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 1998-1999, 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 at the semi-arid region in north of Jordan, to study the effect of seeding dates (14 January, 28 January and 12 February), seeding rates (50, 75 and 100 plants per metre), phosphorus levels (0, 17.5, 35.0 and 52.5 kg P per ha) and two methods of P placement (banding and broadcast). Seeding rate, seeding date, and rate of phosphorus had a significant effect on most of the measured traits and the yield determinates. Method of phosphorus application had only a significant effect on seed yield and seed weight per plant. In general high yields were obtained by early seeding (14 January), high seeding rate (100-plant per square metre), and P application (52.5 kg P per ha) drilled with the seed after cultivation (banded)

The Impact of the Exchange, Interest, and Inflation Rates on Economic Growth- The Case of Arab Republic of Egypt

This paper aims to explore the impact of the exchange, interest, & inflation rates on economic growth in the Arab Republic of Egypt during the period (2013-2016). In order to meet the study’s goals, a descriptive analytical approach was adopted. The paper uses multiple regression analysis to model the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. The paper found that the exchange rate has a statistically significant impact on economic growth in Egypt. In addition, it was found that the interest and inflation rates don’t have any statistically significant impact on economic growth in Egypt. It was also found that the (exchange, interest, and inflation rates) jointly do not have any statistically significant impact on economic growth in Egypt. Keywords: Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, Inflation Rate, Economic Growth, Egypt. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/10-12-06 Publication date:June 30th 201

Investigating the Impact of Strategic Orientations for Organizations and Information Systems on Performance (Profitability, Satisfaction)

The study aims to measure the impact of strategic orientations for organization on the financial performance (profitability) and the performance of information systems (satisfaction) for the Jordanian insurance companies. A particular questionnaire has been developed for the study and distributed to (227) executive managers. Study results confirm that organizational strategies have an impact on financial performance but they did not impact the performance of information systems. The study also confirmed that the strategic orientations for information systems have an impact on both of profitability and satisfaction. Keywords: organizational strategies, information system strategies, analyzer's strategy, prospector's strategy, and defender's strategy

The Effect of White Rot Fungus (Ganoderma sp) as Decomposers on Composting Using Combination of Cattle Feces and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as Organic Matter

في إندونيسيا ، توجد فضلات الماشية ونبات صفير الماء (WH) بكثرة ولكن لم يتم الكشف عنها على نطاق واسع. حيث انه لم يتم تطبيق استخدام الكائنات الحية الدقيقة كمحللات في عملية التخمير على نطاق واسع،  لذلك بالفترة الاخيرة بدا الباحثون بالاهتمام واجراء مزيدا من الدراسة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم تأثير مزيج CF مع WH على التسميد عن طريق تطبيق الكائنات الحية الدقيقة الفطرية العفن الأبيض (WRF) كمحلل. عدد من ستة أنواع من العلاج مقارنة بـ R1 (نسبة CF: WH) (25٪: 75٪) + WRF ؛ R2 (نسبة CF: WH) (50٪: 50٪) + WRF ؛ R3 (نسبة CF: WH) (75٪: 25٪) + WRF ؛ R4 (نسبة CF: WH) (25٪: 75٪) بدون WRF ؛ R5 (نسبة CF: WH) (50٪: 50٪) بدون WRF ؛ R6 (نسبة CF: WH) (25٪: 75٪) بدون WRF. أوضحت النتائج أن استخدام محللات WRF والمواد العضوية (CF و WH) بنسب مختلفة تتأثر بخصائص السماد مثل قيمة الأس الهيدروجيني ، C- عضوي ، N- عضوي ، نسبة C / N ، P2O5 و K2O. ينخفض ​​محلل WRF بشكل كبير إلى قيمة الرقم الهيدروجيني ونسبة C / N ، ولكنه يزيد من قيمة C- عضوي ، N- عضوي ، P2O5 و K2O. تتوافق خصائص السماد المنتج مع المعايير التي حددها المعيار الوطني الإندونيسي (INS) ولوائح وزارة الزراعة في جمهورية إندونيسيا. كان من الضروري اعتبار WRF كمحلل في إنتاج السماد. وبناءً على نتائج الدراسة ، تم التوصل إلى أن علاج R1 (CF: WH) (25٪: 75٪) + WRF) كان أفضل توليفة لإنتاج السماد باستخدام WRF كمحلل بأفضل الخصائص.In Indonesia, cattle feces (CF) and water hyacinth (WH) plants are abundant but have not been widely revealed. The use of microorganisms as decomposers in the fermentation process has not been widely applied, so researchers are interested in studying further. This study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of CF with WH on composting by applying white-rot fungal (WRF) (Ganoderma sp) microorganism as a decomposer. A number of six types of treatment compared to R1(ratio of CF:WH)(25%:75%)+WRF; R2(ratio of CF:WH)(50%:50%)+WRF; R3(ratio of CF:WH)(75%:25%)+WRF; R4(ratio of CF:WH)(25%:75%) without WRF; R5(ratio of CF:WH)(50%:50%) without WRF; R6(ratio of CF:WH)(25%:75%) without WRF. The results showed that the use of WRF decomposers and organic matter (CF and WH) at different ratios affected the properties of compost such as pH value, C-organic, N-organic, C/N ratio, P2O5 and K2O compounds. The WRF decomposer significantly decreases to the pH value, and the C/N ratio, but increases the value of C-organic, N-organic, P2O5 and K2O. The properties of the compost produced are in accordance with the standards set by the Indonesian National Standard (INS) and the regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. The WRF was needed to consider as a decomposer in producing compost.  Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the R1(CF: WH)(25%:75%)+WRF) treatment was the best ratio combination to produce compost using WRF (Ganoderma sp) as a decomposer with the best properties

Requirements for inserting intercropping in aquaponics system for sustainability in agricultural production system

ArticleIn recent years, the recirculating aquaponics system has gained high attention and significant popularity for organic vegetables and fruits production which contributes to the sustainable aquaculture for tropical regions. This review aims to summarize the possibility for practicing intercropping in aquaponics to produce high-quality fruits, vegetables and fish without any chemical fertilizer and minimum ecological impact for a sustainable agriculture. Although many studies have addressed about aquaponics for producing high-value crops such as tomato, cucumber, and lettuce, there is still a lack of complete information to support the development of intercropping in aquaponics and limited focus on its commercial implementation. Moreover, this study will focus first on the requirements for inserting intercropping in aquaponics and technical improvements needed to adapt as potential for sustainable food production system to increase productivity around the world, especially in countries have deficiency in water and land resources as well as soil problem like salinity and reduce environmental emissions. Secondly, the insertion of intercropping in aquaponics must be for crops with high value and for crops that can complement together such as tomato with basil and tomato with lettuce. Thirdly, in technical improvement in this study will summarize the strategies and factors that affect the intercropping in aquaponics system such as the nutrients needed for crops under intercropping aquaponics, stocking density and feeding rate which are important to know the concentration of ammonia that is produced and converted to nitrate so that the plants can uptake it. Studying the requirements for inserting and improving intercropping in aquaponics will increase our understanding of needed for new agriculture technique that contributes to the sustainable aquaponics for tropical regions

UPLC-HRESI-MS and GC-MS analysis of the leaves of Nicotiana glauca

The alkaloid-rich fraction obtained by fractionation of the crude methanolic extract of the leaves of wild Tobacco tree Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae) was analyzed using UPLC-MS and GC-MS. Anabasine, a piperidine alkaloid, was identified as the major constituent with approximately 60 % (m/m) of the alkaloid-rich fraction. In addition to anabasine, six secondary metabolites were identified using high-resolution UPLC-MS. Anabasine was quantified in the leaves to be 1 mg g–1 dry plant material. The GC-MS analysis revealed five compounds with anabasine as the major component, while nicotine was not detected. Moreover, GC-MS was used for the analysis of the volatile oil that was obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of N. glauca. The volatile plant oil was found to be rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (e.g., β-bisabolol) and carboxylic acids and esters (e.g., ethyl linoleate and hexadecanoic acid), whereas anabasine was not detected

Algorithm of Thoughts: Enhancing Exploration of Ideas in Large Language Models

Current literature, aiming to surpass the "Chain-of-Thought" approach, often resorts to an external modus operandi involving halting, modifying, and then resuming the generation process to boost Large Language Models' (LLMs) reasoning capacities. This mode escalates the number of query requests, leading to increased costs, memory, and computational overheads. Addressing this, we propose the Algorithm of Thoughts -- a novel strategy that propels LLMs through algorithmic reasoning pathways, pioneering a new mode of in-context learning. By employing algorithmic examples, we exploit the innate recurrence dynamics of LLMs, expanding their idea exploration with merely one or a few queries. Our technique outperforms earlier single-query methods and stands on par with a recent multi-query strategy that employs an extensive tree search algorithm. Intriguingly, our results suggest that instructing an LLM using an algorithm can lead to performance surpassing that of the algorithm itself, hinting at LLM's inherent ability to weave its intuition into optimized searches. We probe into the underpinnings of our method's efficacy and its nuances in application

Effect of water flow rate on quantity and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in nutrient film technique (NFT) under hydroponics conditions

In the study of hydroponics, questions have risen concerning about ideal water flow that allow the plant to absorbing highest amount of nutrient from the nutrient solution during irrigating process. Thus, this experiment was aimed to determine the ideal water flow rate in nutrient film technique system in order to optimize the nutrients uptake with growth of lettuce. Different flow rates 10, 20 and 30 L/hour were assigned as T1, T2 and T3, respectively, with lettuce plants and the space between plants 15 cm. Generally, the growth decreased significantly with increasing in water flow rate. The analysis of lettuce hydroponics variable reveals that flow rate at 20 L/hour provides higher mean rank rather than other flow rate 10 L/hour and 30 L/hour. The findings of this research stated that if flow rate is increased to 30 L/hour plant height, number of leaves, number of outer and inner leaves, heat mass and stem mass decreases. On the whole from the analysis it is concluded that for flow rate 20 L/hour enhances the growth rate of lettuce in hydroponics hence it is stated that flow rate of 20 L/hour is good flow rate rather than 10 L/hour and 30 L/hour. Water flow in nutrient film technique is essential to be ideal through allow the plants root to absorb all elements needed form nutrient solutions in hydroponics system. And thus, water movement in the system and the rate of turnover should be designed to ensure good contact time for roots and water flow in the system

Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Method in Analyzing the Effect of Inflation on Food Price Volatility (FPV) in Palopo City, Indonesia

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effect of Inflation on food prices in Palopo City, where the inflation rate is calculated based on index numbers collected from several commodities traded at each price level in the market, namely the Consumer Price Index (CPI).   Theoretical framework: The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) method is simultaneous equation modeling that has several endogenous variables simultaneously, but each endogenous variable is explained by lags of its own value and other endogenous variables in the model. Forecasting using the VAR method is in some cases better than complex simultaneous equations.   Design/methodology/approach:  The stationarity test in this study uses the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) method, followed by determining lag optimal Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Schwarz information Criterion (SC) analysis. The stability test of the VAR model was carried out through the Johansen Cointegration Test at a 5% significance level which produced six equations with a trace statistically more significant than the critical value. Then an analysis of Impulse Response Functions (IRF) was carried out to see the dynamic response of the CPI variable to food commodity prices. The data used are time series for January 2018 to December 2020.   Findings: The inflation response to food price fluctuations in Palopo City resulted in three conditions. The Palopo City CPI responded positively to the price fluctuations of garlic and red chili. In contrast, shallots and chicken meat price fluctuations responded negatively to the Palopo City CPI. The Palopo City CPI did not permanently affect the price fluctuations of cayenne pepper and chicken eggs.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The practical implication of this research is that food commodity prices still have an influence on inflation movements. Local governments should cooperate with city governments in the production of food commodities by implementing cropping patterns on these commodities to overcome excess production, and it is necessary to carry out off-season production to achieve harvest deficits so that prices remain stable. Improvements to the trade system also need to be improved in addition to the production system. This is intended so that the distribution of food commodity products can be more efficient by implementing supply chain management.   Originality/value: Collecting time series data of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for 6 commodities, namely shallots, garlic, chili peppers, cayenne pepper, broiler meat, and broiler eggs, in a modern model, namely a multivariate time series model with a high level of predictive accuracy of the model among these variables to predict and analyze the effects among these series and estimate the interactions among these series with the latest data is the value of this research, and then provide recommendations for the government in making economic strategies, especially for those related to inflation and food prices