Percepção de alunos e profissionais da odontologia quanto a importância de um programa de extensão teóricoprático em odontopediatria

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar alunos do programa de extensão em Odontopediatria, em relação a seus conhecimentos e expectativas teórico-práticas no atendimento do paciente infantil. Foram entrevistados 21 alunos do Programa de Treinamento Teórico e Prático da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Todos eram graduados ou cursavam o último período de Faculdades Públicas ou Privadas do Rio de Janeiro. Dentre os participantes, 67% possuíam entre 21 e 25 anos, 57,1% não havia concluído a graduação. Sentiam-se defasados na prática clínica 75% e 25% no conteúdo teórico, 57,1% não se sentiam aptos a atender crianças. A faixa etária entre 9 a 12 anos resultou em maior confiança durante o atendimento. Dentre as deficiências percebidas no conteúdo programático, destacam-se: ortodontia preventiva (100%), controle de comportamento (81%), realização de diagnóstico (61,9%), terapia medicamentosa (66,7%) e terapia pulpar (43,2%). Ao concluir o programa, 100% dos entrevistados relataram melhora na prática clínica e aptidão no atendimento infantil. Conclui-se que há a necessidade de uma abordagem teórico-prática que contribua para a formação de profissionais mais qualificados e confiantes durante o atendimento odontopediátrico

Relationship between Ankyloglossia and Breastfeeding: A Bibliometric Review

Objective: To assess global trends in the publication of studies investigating the association between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding. Material and Methods: An electronic search was performed in the Scopus database without restrictions. Observational studies and clinical trials were included. Bibliometric indices such as publication year, authors, co-authors, journals, field of knowledge, countries, and the most cited keywords were analyzed using the VOSviewer program. Results: The search retrieved 350 studies, and 68 were selected. The first article was published in 2000 in the United States. The United States presented the highest number of publications (n=21), followed by Brazil (n=9) and the United Kingdom (n=9). An increase in publications on this theme was observed in 2013; 2021 was the year with the highest number of publications (n=14). The most common word was “frenulum”. The authors with the highest number of publications were Botze and Dollbert from Israel (n=3), Ghaheri, and Mace from the United States (n=3). Among the journals, “Breastfeeding Medicine” presented the highest number of publications (n=7), followed by the “International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology” (n=6), “CODAS” (n=5), “Journal of Human Lactation” (n=4) and “Pediatrics” (n=3); the latter published the top-cited studies, with 412 citations. Conclusion: There has been an increase in recent articles evaluating the correlation between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding, indicating the growing interest of researchers in this field

Clinical Longevity of Sonicated and Unsonicated Composite Resin Restorations in Posterior Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: To evaluate the clinical longevity of Class I and II composite resin restorations with and without using sonic energy through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Material and Methods: Five databases were consulted: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, VHL-LILACS, and BBO and gray literature. The search was carried out in January 2024. The inclusion criteria comprised clinical trials evaluating the success/longevity of composite resin restorations with and without sonic energy. RoB and ROBINS-I assessed the risk of bias. The meta-analysis analyzed the number of restorations with alpha USPHS scores. Heterogeneity was assessed (I² index, p<0.05). Certain evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results: A total of 8,582 studies were identified, including four studies, 2 RCTs, and two controlled clinical trials, with moderate and low risk of bias, respectively. No difference was observed in the longevity (p>0.05) for: anatomical shape (CI=1.05 [0.95,1.15]; I²=0%; p=0.37); color stability (CI=1.02 [0.93,1.13; I²=0%, p=0.65); marginal adaptation (CI=1.05 [0.95,1.16]; I²=%; p=0.38); postoperative sensitivity (CI=1.01 [0.93,1.10]; I²=0%; p=0.80); secondary caries (CI=1.01 [0.93,1.10]; I²=0%; p=0.80); marginal discoloration (CI=1.05 [0.95,1.16]; I²=0%; p=0.38), surface texture (CI=1.09 [0.97,1.23]; I²=19%; p=0.14) and retention (CI=1.00 [1.91,1.10]; I²=0%; p=1.00). The certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusion: No evidence supports using sonic energy for direct composite resin restorations, regardless of the technique and the restored tooth. More robust and well-conducted studies should be performed

Assessment of Dental Caries and Intervention in the First Permanent Molars of Brazilian Children

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of caries stages and interventions on first permanent molars (FPM) in Brazilian children. Material and Methods: Data from FPM were extracted from dental records of children aged 5-14 years of age that attended the UERJ Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. Data include patient age, sex, biofilm index, presence of carious lesions in all stages, and the treatments. Data was analyzed using the SPSS® 20.0 program. Results: A total of 158 dental records were analyzed, 587 registers were related to the caries stage and 601 related to the interventions; mean age of 8.26 (±1.4 years) and 53.2% were girls. The prevalence of active/inactive white spot (AWS/IWS) varied from 14.3% to 21.6% in right upper and lower left FPM, respectively. Enamel/dentin lesions without pulp involvement were also more prevalent in the lower arch and ranged from 3.4% for the right upper to 11.5% for the lower right FPM. Cavities with pulp involvement or indicated extraction ranged from 0% to 1.4%. Treatment included dental sealants, varying from 17.1 to 24.0% (n=126) and restorations, varying from 1.3 to 11.8% (n=38). The lower right were the most affected teeth. Conclusion: First permanent molars presented a higher prevalence of dental caries in early stages and the most prevalent treatment was related to the initial carious process, fluor therapy and sealants

Association between Apical Periodontitis and Chronic Diseases: An Umbrella Review

Introduction: To assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews (SRs) that evaluated the association between apical periodontitis (AP) and chronic diseases. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed in the databases PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Open Grey. SRs that evaluated the association between any chronic disease and AP, and that had performed a valid risk of bias assessment were included. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used for quality assessment and each included systematic review received a final categorization as having “high”, “moderate”, “low”, or “critically low” quality. Results: Nine studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. The diseases investigated were cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, HIV, osteoporosis, chronic liver disease, blood disorders and autoimmune diseases. The systematic reviews included in this umbrella review showed a ‘low’ to ‘high’ quality of evidence. Conclusion: There are substantial heterogeneity and several methodological concerns in the included studies. It was observed a positive association between diabetes mellitus and apical periodontitis with limited evidence, no association between HIV and apical periodontitis and a positive association between apical periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, blood disorders, chronic liver disease, osteoporosis and autoimmune diseases with moderate evidence

Salivary Metabolites in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis

Objective: To identify the salivary metabolites profile of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) types I, II, IV, and VI patients. Material and Methods:The participants were asked to refrain from eating and drinking for one hour before sampling, performed between 7:30 and 9:00 a.m. Samples were centrifuged at 10.000 × g for 60 min at 4ºC, and the supernatants (500µl) were stored at -80ºC until NMR analysis. The salivary proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were acquired in a 500 MHz spectrometer, and TOCSY experiments were used to confirm and assign metabolites. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Differences in salivary metabolites were found among MPS types and the control, such as lactate, propionate, alanine, and N-acetyl sugar. Understanding these metabolite changes may contribute to precision medicine and early detection of mucopolysaccharidosis and its monitoring. Conclusion: The composition of low molecular weight salivary metabolites of mucopolysaccharidosis subjects may present specific features compared to healthy controls

Effectiveness of Chewing Gum Containing CPP-ACP for Remineralisation of Demineralised Enamel around Orthodontic Brackets: An in Situ Study

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of chewing gums containing CPP-ACP in remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Enamel blocks from 120 bovine incisors were used. The blocks were flattened and polished, followed by the development of incipient subsurface caries. The blocks have been subjected to a baseline microhardness analysis. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the exposed area of the blocks, reserving an area for hardness analysis. An in situ crossover (three-way crossover phases of 21 days with an interval of one week between them), controlled, randomised and blind experimental model was used, with the participation of 12 volunteers divided into groups: G1 – negative control group, without chewing gum; G2 – conventional sugar-free chewing gum, without CPP-ACP (placebo); and G3 – sugar-free chewing gum with CPP-ACP. The following parameters were analysed: superficial linear (Ra), volumetric roughness (Sa), and superficial structural loss, which was indicated by Gap measurement (difference between the healthy and treated area). Statistical tests used were the Friedman, Wilcoxon and Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal Wallis' nonparametric tests and ANOVA. Results: There was a significant reduction in enamel microhardness after demineralisation in all the groups (p<0.05). This deleterious effect was attenuated in the three groups after the final evaluation, although there were no statistical differences (p<0.05); however, the final values did not return to the baseline values (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chewing gum containing CPP-ACP did not promote in situ remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets

Salivary Metabolites in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis

Objective: To identify the salivary metabolites profile of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) types I, II, IV, and VI patients. Material and Methods:The participants were asked to refrain from eating and drinking for one hour before sampling, performed between 7:30 and 9:00 a.m. Samples were centrifuged at 10.000 × g for 60 min at 4ºC, and the supernatants (500µl) were stored at -80ºC until NMR analysis. The salivary proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were acquired in a 500 MHz spectrometer, and TOCSY experiments were used to confirm and assign metabolites. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Differences in salivary metabolites were found among MPS types and the control, such as lactate, propionate, alanine, and N-acetyl sugar. Understanding these metabolite changes may contribute to precision medicine and early detection of mucopolysaccharidosis and its monitoring. Conclusion: The composition of low molecular weight salivary metabolites of mucopolysaccharidosis subjects may present specific features compared to healthy controls