Hydrogen injection in a dual fuel engine fueled with low-pressure injection of methyl ester of peruvenia thevetia [MEPT] for diesel engine maintenance application

The present work is mapped to scrutinize the consequence of biodiesel and gaseous fuel properties, and their impact on compression-ignition (CI) engine combustion and emission characteristics in single and dual fuel operation. Biodiesel prepared from non-edible oil source derived from Thevetia peruviana belonging to the plant family of Apocynaceaeis. The fuel has been referred as methyl ester of Thevetia peruviana (METP) and adopted as pilot fuel for the effective combustion of compressed gaseous fuel of hydrogen. This investigation is an effort to augment the engine performance of a biodiesel-gaseous fueled diesel engine operated under varied engine parameters. Subsequently, consequences of gas flow rate, injection timing, gas entry type, and manifold gas injection on the modified dual-fuel engine using conventional mechanical fuel injections (CMFIS) for optimum engine performance were investigated. Fuel consumption, CO, UHC, and smoke formations are spotted to be less besides higher NOx emissions compared to CMFIS operation. The fuel burning features such as ignition delay, burning interval, and variation of pressure and heat release rates with crank angle are scrutinized and compared with base fuel. Sustained research in this direction can convey practical engine technology, concerning fuel combinations in the dual fuel mode, paving the way to alternatives which counter the continued fossil fuel utilization that has detrimental impacts on the climate

Effects of injection parameters on performance of diesel engine run on biodiesel from direct transesterification / Tatagar Mohammad Yunus Khan

It is well-known that energy consumption is rapidly increasing due to the population growth, higher standard of living and increased production. Significant amount of energy resources are being consumed by the transportation sector leading to the fast depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution. Biodiesel is one of the technically and economically feasible options to tackle the aforesaid problems. There are more than 350 oil-bearing crops identified as potential sources for biodiesel production around the globe. The wide range of available feedstocks for biodiesel production represents one of the most significant factors for producing biodiesel. The research work is carried out on fuel properties of biodiesel prepared from the non-edible oils of Nigella sativa. Nigella sativa is believed to be investigated for the first time as a biodiesel feedstock. Biodiesel seems to be a replacement to the diesel, can be commonly produced by esterification-transesterification. In the current research a new method i.e. direct transesterification is developed and compared it with conventional esterificationtransesterification. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced by both methods are investigated and compared. Though there are no significant differences in the fuel properties obtained from either of the methods but the acid value of biodiesel and reaction time reduced significantly besides improved biodiesel yield by direct transesterification method. The direct transesterification method was further improved to modified direct transesterification method for minimizing the time required for biodiesel separation from glycerol and blending of diesel and biodiesel. Today’s automobiles require economy of operation, high power output and last but not the least, reduction in greenhouse gases emitted by the vehicles. Such specific demands have compelled the researchers not only to focus on the parameters affecting the performance but also on emission of the internal combustion engines. The current research has been focused and optimized the injection timing of 270BTDC and injection pressure of 240bar for selected diesel engine for the maximum possible efficiency and lower exhaust emissions for an internal combustion diesel engine run on biodiesel fuels

Response of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) for Graded Levels of Fertilizers and Jeevamruta Application

The experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research and Extension Station, Devihosur, Haveri, Karnataka to study the effect of different levels of fertilizers with jeevamruta applications at different growth stages of Byadagi Chilli (Dabbi). The pooled results of the experiment revealed that among fertilizer levels (main plots) 100 % RDF has given the significantly highest dry Chilli yield (829 kg ha-1) compared to other levels of fertilizer doses application. The response of dry chilli yield for jeevamruta application at different stages (sub plots) showed the significant effect. The jeevamruta application @ 550 l ha-1at the time of transplanting + flowering + fruit initiation stages has recorded significantly highest dry chilli yield (619 kg ha-1) compare to jeevamruta application at transplanting stage and transplanting + fruit initiation stage. The similar trend was noticed with respect to number of fruits and fruit yield per plant. The interaction effect for different levels of fertilizers and jeevamruta application was also differed significantly i.e the 100 % RDF with jeevamruta application @ 550 l ha-1at transplanting + flowering + fruit initiation stages has recorded significantly highest dry chilli yield (910 kg ha-1) compare to other interaction effects. The similar trend was also noticed with respect to number of fruits and fruit yield per plant

Nursery Management Practices for Improving the Yield of Dry Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

The experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research and Extension Station, Devihosur, Haveri, Karnataka to study the effect of different methods of seed beds for raising seedlings and nipping practices followed at different intervals (before transplanting) on growth and dry yield of Bydagi Chilli (Dabbi). The pooled results of the experiment indicated that significantly higher dry Chilli yield (966 kg/ha) was obtained with raised bed + nipping of the seedlings 5 days before transplanting and this was followed by the flat bed + 5 days before transplanting (807 kg/ha). The incidence of leaf curl was also found least i.e the leaf curl index at 45 and 90 days after transplanting was found 0.60 and 0.56 respectively with the treatment raised bed + nipping 5 days before transplanting compare to other treatments

Investigation on Surface Properties of Mn-Doped CdSe Quantum Dots Studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

In this work, we report on the effects of incorporating manganese (Mn) dopant into different sizes of cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs), which improves the electronic and optical properties of the QDs for multiple applications such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, and biological labels. Furthermore, the greener inverse Micelle method was implemented using organic ligand, which is oleic acid. This binding of the surface enhanced the QDs’ surface trap passivation of Mn-doped CdSe, which then increased the quantity of the output. In addition, the inverse Micelle technique was used successfully to dope Mn into CdSe QDs without the risk of Mn dopants being self-purified as experienced by wurtzite CdSe QDs. Also, we report the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results and analysis of zinc blended manganese-doped cadmium selenide quantum dots (Mn-doped CdSe QDs), which were synthesized with physical sizes that varied from 3 to 14 nm using the inverse Micelle method. The XPS scans traced the existence of the Se 3d and Cd 3d band of CdSe crystals with a 54.1 and 404.5 eV binding energy. The traced 640.7 eV XPS peak is proof that Mn was integrated into the lattice of CdSe QDs. The binding energy of the QDs was related to the increase in the size of the QDs