Semiotica della degustazione. Assiologie e processi gustativi nel caso esemplare della tarte au citron

La tarte au citron meringuée è un dolce classico della pasticceria francese, pur essendo un hapax per la combinazione di dolcezza e acidità che ne tradisce l’origine alloctona. In questo lavoro, proponiamo di analizzare il processo di gusti e sapori a cui la sua degustazione dà luogo a partire da un corpus di ricettari francesi “maggiori”, di assaggi di varianti del dolce in tre sale da té della città di Tolosa e di interviste ai pasticceri degli esercizi scelti. Lo studio ha un duplice obbiettivo: da un lato, analizzare la combinazione percettiva che permette di “normalizzare” l’esperienza percettiva del dolce nel sistema della pasticceria francese “classica”, dal quale si discosta parzialemente per struttura, situandola all’interno di un’assiologia del gusto e descrivendone i processi gustativi; dall’altro, delineare una batterie di categorie analitiche per sviluppare una“semiotica della degustazione”a partire dalle indicazioni dello studio di Floch sull’emblema aromatico di Michel Bras, della divisione tra “gustoso” e “saporito” proposta da Marrone e dalle indicazioni di Fontanille sugli intrecci percettivi realizzati dalle presentazioni dei piatti. A conclusione del percorso, proponiamo un modello della degustazione della tarte au citron, focalizzando sulla funzione che vi svolge la meringa e cercando di organizzare le percezioni gustative in un intreccio di sapori temporalizzato, con particolare attenzione al valore “enunciativo” delle consistenze del dolce.Tarte au citron meringuée is a classic dessert of French pastry, despite being a hapax for the combination of sweetness and acidity that betrays its allochthonous origin. In this work, we propose to analyze the process of tastes and flavors that its tasting gives rise to starting from a corpus of "major" French recipe books, tasting variations of the dessert in three tea rooms in the city of Toulouse and interviews to the pastry chefs of the chosen establishments. The study has a dual objective: on the one hand, to analyze the perceptual combination that allows to "normalize" the perceptual experience of the dessert in the "classic" French pastry system, from which it partially deviates in structure, placing it within 'axiology of taste and describing the gustatory processes; on the other hand, to outline a battery of analytical categories to develop a "semiotics of tasting" starting from the indications of Floch's study on the aromatic emblem of Michel Bras, of the division between "tasty" and "tasty" proposed by Marrone and the indications di Fontanille on the perceptive intertwining created by the presentation of the dishes. At the end of the course, we propose a model of tasting the tarte au citron, focusing on the function that the meringue plays in it and trying to organize the gustatory perceptions in a temporal interweaving of flavors, with particular attention to the "enunciative" value of the consistencies of the dessert

I corpi del virus

In un articolo recentemente uscito in italiano, Bruno Latour spiega che il nuovo coronavirus illustra in modo eclatante come gli attori non umani irrompano nei nostri spazi collettivi esigendo profonde trasformazioni (e invitando a ripensare così noi stessi al loro interno). Al momento è impossibile valutare questi cambiamenti sul lungo periodo. È chiaro però che SARS-CoV-2 ha avuto subito effetti visibilissimi sulle istituzioni che danno forma al nostro universo collettivo: mercati finanziari, filiere produttive, sistemi sanitari, regolamenti, lockdown. Mi sembra che il luogo di convergenza di questi ambiti tematici sia il corpo, figura in cui si incrociano le isotopie mediche, economiche, sociali, mediatiche attraverso le quali il virus circola senza frontiere disciplinari. I pensieri che affido a questo diario vanno quindi al corpo, anzi, a tre dimensioni della corporeità implicate dall'irruzione del virus nel nostro collettivo. La prima di queste dimensioni è quella zoosemiotica; la seconda è quella della disciplina dei corpi individuali; la terza è quella del controllo biopolitico del corpo collettivo.In an article recently published in Italian, Bruno Latour explains that the new coronavirus illustrates in a striking way how non-human actors break into our collective spaces, demanding deep transformations (and inviting us to rethink ourselves within them). It is currently impossible to assess these changes over the long term. It is clear, however, that SARS-CoV-2 has had very visible effects on the institutions that shape our collective universe: financial markets, production chains, health systems, regulations, lockdowns. It seems to me that the place of convergence of these thematic areas is the body, a figure in which the medical, economic, social and media isotopies through which the virus circulates without disciplinary boundaries intersect. The thoughts that I entrust to this diary therefore go to the body, indeed, to the three dimensions of corporeality implied by the irruption of the virus in our collective. The first of these dimensions is the zoosemiotic one; the second is that of the discipline of individual bodies; the third is that of the biopolitical control of the collective body

Osservatorio del mercato del lavoro della provincia di Bologna: Rapporto primo semestre 2007

The Report presents the main facts about labour market in the Bologna County during the first half of 2007. As it is presented five months after the release of the 2006 the analysis about the economic and socio-demographic structure of the County are not presented. The labour market of the County seems to go fairly well. At the regional (Emilia-Romagna) level, in front of a business cycle moderately good, the number of employees is still growing (+1% in a year), but some signals of discouragement among women labour force begins to be present (female labour force decreases of 0,6% in a year. The new fact in the Report is the it gives a complete track of every labour contract started during the fist six months of 2007, comphrensive of the non standard labour contracts. Under this point of view we find a critical situation linked to the diffusion of the fixed term contracts, that are the 62% of all the contracts started. If we look at workers age we find that for every age class this percentage still is above the 55%. So we can say that workplace instability embraces every worker that is seeking a job, and that it is not limited to young people, but yet is pervasive and embraces workes of every ages. Further, using survival analysis we were able to measure the durations of jobs according the type of contract (using data from 2004 to 2004). The expect duration of a job is 180 days, but if we rescrtict to fixed term contracts the duration falls to 70 days. Moreover, the probability of staying in the condition of fixed term worker, after 3 years, is still 90%.Labour market, Unemployment, Fixed term contracts, Analysis of survival data

Rapporto sul mercato del lavoro della provincia Bologna : anno 2009

The Report examines the labor market dynamics of the Province of Bologna during 2009, highlighting weaknesses and deepening the structural features of the labor system. The study is developed by integrating information drawn by the many available statistical sources which describe different aspects of provincial economy with the elaboration of the proprietary data extracted by the databases SILER (Labour informative system of Emilia-Romagna) and CIP (Centres for the Employment) Il Rapporto esamina l’andamento del mercato del lavoro della provincia di Bologna nel corso dell’anno 2009, segnalando le debolezze registrate e approfondendo le caratteristiche sistemiche. La analisi è svolta integrando le numerose fonti statistiche disponibili che descrivono i differenti aspetti dell’economia provinciale con l’elaborazione dei dati di fonte provinciale tratti dal database del Sistema Informativo del Lavoro dell’Emilia-Romagna (SILER) e dei Servizi dei Centri per l’Impiego (CIP).mercato del lavoro; crisi economica; provincia di Bologna; lavoro temporaneo labour market; economic crisis; province of Bologna; temporary job

Rapporto sul mercato del lavoro della provincia Bologna : anno 2009

Il Rapporto esamina l’andamento del mercato del lavoro della provincia di Bologna nel corso dell’anno 2009, segnalando le debolezze registrate e approfondendo le caratteristiche sistemiche. La analisi è svolta integrando le numerose fonti statistiche disponibili che descrivono i differenti aspetti dell’economia provinciale con l’elaborazione dei dati di fonte provinciale tratti dal database del Sistema Informativo del Lavoro dell’Emilia-Romagna (SILER) e dei Servizi dei Centri per l’Impiego (CIP). The Report examines the labor market dynamics of the Province of Bologna during 2009, highlighting weaknesses and deepening the structural features of the labor system. The study is developed by integrating information drawn by the many available statistical sources which describe different aspects of provincial economy with the elaboration of the proprietary data extracted by the databases SILER (Labour informative system of Emilia-Romagna) and CIP (Centres for the Employment)

Osservatorio del mercato del lavoro della provincia di Bologna: Rapporto primo semestre 2007

The Report presents the main facts about labour market in the Bologna County during the first half of 2007. As it is presented five months after the release of the 2006 the analysis about the economic and socio-demographic structure of the County are not presented. The labour market of the County seems to go fairly well. At the regional (Emilia-Romagna) level, in front of a business cycle moderately good, the number of employees is still growing (+1% in a year), but some signals of discouragement among women labour force begins to be present (female labour force decreases of 0,6% in a year. The new fact in the Report is the it gives a complete track of every labour contract started during the fist six months of 2007, comphrensive of the non standard labour contracts. Under this point of view we find a critical situation linked to the diffusion of the fixed term contracts, that are the 62% of all the contracts started. If we look at workers age we find that for every age class this percentage still is above the 55%. So we can say that workplace instability embraces every worker that is seeking a job, and that it is not limited to young people, but yet is pervasive and embraces workes of every ages. Further, using survival analysis we were able to measure the durations of jobs according the type of contract (using data from 2004 to 2004). The expect duration of a job is 180 days, but if we rescrtict to fixed term contracts the duration falls to 70 days. Moreover, the probability of staying in the condition of fixed term worker, after 3 years, is still 90%

Osservatorio del mercato del lavoro della provincia di Bologna: Rapporto 2006

The Report presents the main informations about labour market in the county of Bologna during 2006. The Bologna labour market goes fairly well: in front of a positive business cycle employment is still growing and Bologna county has met many of the Lisbon targets. Nevertheless, in a comparison with European regions some weaknesses are shown, mainly for what concerns human capital formation and flexibility of firms’ organization. Moreover, the quality of employment is worsening, as a growing percentage of new jobs are on of a fixed term kind

Osservatorio del mercato del lavoro della provincia di Bologna: Rapporto 2006

The Report presents the main informations about labour market in the county of Bologna during 2006. The Bologna labour market goes fairly well: in front of a positive business cycle employment is still growing and Bologna county has met many of the Lisbon targets. Nevertheless, in a comparison with European regions some weaknesses are shown, mainly for what concerns human capital formation and flexibility of firms’ organization. Moreover, the quality of employment is worsening, as a growing percentage of new jobs are on of a fixed term kind.Labour market, Unemployment, Fixed term contracts, European regions