In vivo and in vitro studies of the role of lyophilised blond Lager beer and some bioactive components in the modulation of degenerative processes

The aim of the present study was to examine the nutraceutic potential of lyophilised blond Lager beer, as well as two of its bioactive components: xanthohumol and folic acid. Several toxicity, antitoxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity and longevity endpoints were checked in the SMART in vivo Drosophila system. Cytotoxicity in HL-60 promyelocytic and NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts cells, proapototic DNA fragmentation, comet assay, macroautophagy activity and methylation status were tested in in vitro assays. Lyophilised blond Lager beer could be proposed as a substance with an important nutraceutical value, because of its hopeful results as a lifespan promoter, DNA protection against free radicals in the animal model and its chemopreventive activity in HL-60 cells and enhacer of macroautophagy at moderate doses in NIH3T3 inmortal cells. Only xanthohumol mimics the biological activities found in lyophilised beer

Protective Effect of Borage Seed Oil and Gamma Linolenic Acid on DNA: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil has been used as a treatment for various degenerative diseases. Many useful properties of this oil are attributed to its high gamma linolenic acid content (GLA, 18:3 ω-6). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the safety and suitability of the use of borage seed oil, along with one of its active components, GLA, with respect to DNA integrity, and to establish possible in vivo toxic and in vitro cytotoxic effects. In order to measure these properties, five types of assays were carried out: toxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, cytotoxicity (using the promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 cell line), and life span (in vivo analysis using the Drosophila model). Results showed that i) Borage seed oil is not toxic to D. melanogaster at physiological concentrations below 125 μl/ml and the studies on GLA indicated non-toxicity at the lowest concentration analyzed ii) Borage seed oil and GLA are DNA safe (non-genotoxic) and antimutagenic compared to hydrogen peroxide, thereby confirming its antioxidant capacity; iii) Borage seed oil and GLA exhibited cytotoxic activity in low doses (IC50 of 1 μl/ml and 0.087 mM, respectively) iv) Low doses of borage seed oil (0.19%) increased the health span of D. melanogaster; and v) GLA significantly decreased the life span of D. melanogaster. Based on the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects along with the ability to increase the health span, we propose supplementation with borage seed oil rather than GLA, because it protects DNA by modulating oxidative genetic damage in D. melanogaster, increases the health span and exerts cytotoxic activity towards promyelocytic HL60 cells. © 2013 Tasset-Cuevas et al.Peer Reviewe

Role of choline in the modulation of degenerative processes: In Vivo and In Vitro studies

The purpose of the present study was to examine the nutraceutical potential of choline as an added value to its well-known brain nutrient role. Several toxicity, antitoxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, and longevity endpoints were checked in the somatic mutation and recombination test in in vivo Drosophila animal model. Cytotoxicity in human leukemia-60 cell line (HL-60) promyelocytic and NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, proapoptotic DNA fragmentation, comet assay, methylation status, and macroautophagy (MA) activity were tested in in vitro assays. Choline is not only safe but it is also able to protect against the DNA damage caused by an oxidative genotoxin. Moreover, it improves the life extension in the animal model. The in vitro results show that it is able to exhibit genetic damage against leukemia HL-60 cells. Single-strand breaks in DNA are observed at the molecular level in treatments with choline, although only a significant hypermethylation on the long interspersed elements-1 and a hypomethylation on the satellite-alpha DNA repetitive DNA sequences of HL-60 cells at the lowest concentration (0.447 mM) were observed. Besides, choline decreased MA at the lower assayed concentration and the MA response to topoisomerase inhibitor (etoposide) is maintained in the presence of treatment with 0.22 mM choline. Taking into account the hopeful results obtained in the in vivo and in vitro assays, choline could be proposed as a substance with an important nutraceutical value for different purposes

Protective effect of borage seed oil and gamma linolenic acid on DNA: in vivo and in vitro studies.

Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil has been used as a treatment for various degenerative diseases. Many useful properties of this oil are attributed to its high gamma linolenic acid content (GLA, 18:3 ω-6). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the safety and suitability of the use of borage seed oil, along with one of its active components, GLA, with respect to DNA integrity, and to establish possible in vivo toxic and in vitro cytotoxic effects. In order to measure these properties, five types of assays were carried out: toxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, cytotoxicity (using the promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 cell line), and life span (in vivo analysis using the Drosophila model). Results showed that i) Borage seed oil is not toxic to D. melanogaster at physiological concentrations below 125 µl/ml and the studies on GLA indicated non-toxicity at the lowest concentration analyzed ii) Borage seed oil and GLA are DNA safe (non-genotoxic) and antimutagenic compared to hydrogen peroxide, thereby confirming its antioxidant capacity; iii) Borage seed oil and GLA exhibited cytotoxic activity in low doses (IC50 of 1 µl/ml and 0.087 mM, respectively) iv) Low doses of borage seed oil (0.19%) increased the health span of D. melanogaster; and v) GLA significantly decreased the life span of D. melanogaster.Based on the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects along with the ability to increase the health span, we propose supplementation with borage seed oil rather than GLA, because it protects DNA by modulating oxidative genetic damage in D. melanogaster, increases the health span and exerts cytotoxic activity towards promyelocytic HL60 cells

Borage: A neglected and underutilized plant with health benefices

Trabajo presentado en el 52nd Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX 2016), celebrado en Sevilla del 4 al 7 de septiembre de 2016.Healthy eating is one of the most pursued objectives in today’s society. The increased demand for food with beneficial proper- ties against diseases has made herbal products a principal target for industry requirements. However, reports that show protective effects in some plant species are often conflicting or present vari- able results. Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is an annual herb, native to the Mediterranean region that has been used since ancient times for culinary and medicinal purposes. Nowadays, interest in borage has been renewed due to the gamma linolenic acid contained in its seeds. The leaves and seed oil of borage contain small amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids that could impair the benefits of these products.Toassessthebenefitofthreeboragecommercialproducts (borage leaves, commercial crude borage oil and refined borage oil) wehaveselectedthe invivoDrosophilamelanogaster systemandthe human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 model. Toxic- ityassays(S.M.A.R.T.)showedthatneitherborageleavesnorborage seed oil are toxic to D. melanogaster. Borage leaves showed tumori- cide activity against HL-60 cells in a dose dependent manner, and the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) is reached at 0.28mg/ml. Both crude and refined borage oils also showed tumoricide activity against HL-60 cells, but the IC50 is reached at lower concentra- tion for crude borage oil (3.8 ml/ml) than for refined borage oil (4.8 ml/ml). In conclusion, the lack of toxicity and the tumoricide activity of leaves and seed oil from borage highlight the benefits of consumption of this plant.N

Modulator role of trilinolein/triolein and resveratrol on the health promoting effects of processed foods: Edible oils and red wine

Trabajo presentado en el 52nd Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX 2016), celebrado en Sevilla del 4 al 7 de septiembre de 2016.Diet is considered the most important source of health-promoter components. These constituents could induce a better life quality and prevent different aging and mutation mechanisms involved in the appearance of chronic diseases like cancer. The aim of this work was to evaluate the health promoting prop- erties of walnut and olive oils, red wine and their distinctive molecules (trilinolein, triolein and resveratrol respectively) assess- ing on their geno/antigenotoxic, longevity and cytotoxic roles. In order to determine the food safety and the protective DNA effect the in vivo Somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART test) of Drosophila melanogaster was used. Drosophila was also chosen as a genetic model organism to study the influence on longevity of the different substances. Finally, the chemopreventive effect was in vitro evaluatedbythetrypanblueexclusiontestusingthehuman promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL60). Results showed that: (i) none of the tested substances is genotoxic except trilinolein at the highest assayed concentration (0.056mM), (ii) all substances exert antimutagenic activity (except walnut oil) reaching different inhi- bition percentages when hydrogen peroxide is used as genotoxin, (iii) red wine is the best inductor of longevity at moderate concen- trations, (iv) the only substances with chemopreventive cytotoxic effects are red wine and resveratrol (IC50=18 m L/mL and 110mM respectively).In conclusion, among the three tested foods, red wine could be considered the best health promoter at moderate concen- trations due to its anti/genotoxic, cytotoxic and longevity effects.N

Effect of borage seed oil (A) and GLA (B) supplementation on the life span of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.

<p>Effect of borage seed oil (A) and GLA (B) supplementation on the life span of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.</p

Antigenotoxicity of <i>borage</i> seed oil and gamma-linolenic acid in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test.

<p>H₂O₂ 0.12 M used as a genotoxicant.</p>(1)<p>Statistical diagnoses according to Frei and Würgler <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056986#pone.0056986-Frei1" target="_blank">[35]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056986#pone.0056986-Frei2" target="_blank">[36]</a>: + (positive, genotoxic), - (negative, non genotoxic). Significance levels α = β = 0.05, one-sided test. ⁽²⁾ Inhibition percentage calculated according to Abraham (1994) <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056986#pone.0056986-Abraham1" target="_blank">[37]</a>.</p

Fructose modifies the hormonal response and modulates lipid metabolism during aerobic exercise after glucose supplementation

A B S T R A C T The metabolic response when aerobic exercise is performed after the ingestion of glucose plus fructose is unclear. In the present study, we administered two beverages containing GluF (glucose + fructose) or Glu (glucose alone) in a randomized cross-over design to 20 healthy aerobically trained volunteers to compare the hormonal and lipid responses provoked during aerobic exercise and the recovery phase. After ingesting the beverages and a 15-min resting period, volunteers performed 30 min of moderate aerobic exercise. Urinary and blood samples were taken at baseline (t −15 ), during the exercise (t 0 , t 15 and t 30 ) and during the recovery phase (t 45 , t 75 and t 105 ). Plasma insulin concentrations were higher halfway through the exercise period and during acute recuperation (t 15 and t 75 ; P &lt; 0.05) following ingestion of GluF than after Glu alone, without any differences between the effects of either intervention on plasma glucose concentrations. Towards the end of the exercise period, urinary catecholamine concentrations were lower following GluF (t 45 ; P &lt; 0.05). Plasma triacylglycerol (triglyceride) concentrations were higher after the ingestion of GluF compared with Glu (t 15 , t 30 , t 45 and t 105 ; P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, with GluF, we observed higher levels of lipoperoxides (t 15 , t 30 , t 45 and t 105 ; P &lt; 0.05) and oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein; t 30 ; P &lt; 0.05) compared with after the ingestion of Glu alone. In conclusion, hormonal and lipid alterations are provoked during aerobic exercise and recovery by the addition of a dose of fructose to the pre-exercise ingestion of glucose