How Efficient is Dhaka Stock Exchange in Terms of Weak Form of Market Efficiency?

Weak form of market efficiency is quite a buzzword among the academicians of financial arena. Part of thestatistics dominated methodology of this study had used inputs of the previous studies – studies back in days of1960’s. By using monthly market return series data, the researchers had tried to check whether DSE - DhakaStock Exchange had been efficient in the weak form or not. Evidence of weak form of efficiency had been alsotested across time slabs, across share category and across industries. Both parametric and non-parametric testswere used to find out evidence of random walk behavior. To add variations in the study daily return series andunsmoothed return series were used. The researchers had not found any evidence of weak form of marketefficiency for Dhaka Stock Exchange on the whole, even though there was a sign of improvement in terms ofweak form of market efficiency across time. The returns of stocks and market portfolio were found to be autocorrelatedand market generally overreacted to information. The effectiveness of two-market anomaly basedtrading strategy (momentum and weekend effect) was tested based on ex-post return series but these strategiesfailed to garner sustainable abnormal profit. But still the researchers cannot refute the possibility of a trading ruleor a few trading rules extracting abnormal return in an inefficient market like Bangladesh. There was no real signof weak form of market efficiency across share categories and across industries. Inefficiency in the weak formwas an expected result, but whether the sign of improvement (in terms of weak form of market efficiency for therecent time slab) is sustainable in the long run or not is a big question.Keywords: Market efficiency, market anomalies, trading rul

Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Teaching Practices

The present study was about factors affecting to effectiveness of teaching practices. The objective of the study was identifying factors which affect negatively on effectiveness of teaching practices. The quantitative method was employed. The population of the study comprised on B.Ed (Hon) four year student teachers of Sindh, Pakistan. The stratified random sampling was adopted. The size of sample was based on 250 student teachers of 4th and 8th semester. The questionnaire was used to obtain the data. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. Bar graphs and t-test method was adopted to present the findings. The major factors identified were practice school distance, lack of financial support, stress, managing students, insufficient guidance and lack of cooperation from school teachers The finding also revealed that there is no significant difference of opinion between male and female student teachers regarding factors which affecting to effectiveness of teaching practices

A Study on Dispensing Pattern of OTC (Over the Counter) Medication among Community Pharmacist in Kalaburagi City

Purpose: Over the counter drugs (OTC) are sold without the prescription of a registered medical practitioner. There are reports that OTC drug market in India is on the rise. This is attributed to the rising cost of healthcare, difficulty in accessing healthcare, and an alarming tendency to self-manage symptoms. The outcome of this is OTC related adverse effects, abuse and hospitalizations. Subjects and Methods: The primary objective was to assess the knowledge of drug dispensing pattern of community pharmacists. The secondary objective was to assess the knowledge regarding drug related problems of over the counter medication. The tertiary objective was to find out whether the pharmacists involving in counselling activities. A community based, observational study was conducted among community pharmacist in Kalaburagi city, to find out knowledge on dispensing pattern of OTC medication. All the community pharmacist participated in the study were provided with a data collection form including self -structured questionnaires. One week after pre-test all the community pharmacist were educated regarding OTC drugs by means of providing information leaflets about OTC drugs. Post-test has been taken after 15 days of education by means of same questionnaires. Data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS software. Pre and post intervention data were compared using student’s t-test. Results: Among 110 pharmacist, males 98 (89.1%) were more compared to females 12(10.9%). The mean knowledge scores on drug dispensing pattern of community pharmacist in pre-test were 57.0% and post test is 87.6%. Conclusions: Among 110 pharmacist, males 98 (89.1%) were more compared to females 12(10.9%). The mean knowledge scores on drug dispensing pattern of community pharmacist in pre-test were 57.0% and post test is 87.6%

Investigations of 2-Thiazoline-2-thiol as a Ligand: Synthesis and X-ray Structures of [Mn\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e(CO)\u3csub\u3e7\u3c/sub\u3e(\u3cem\u3eμ\u3c/em\u3e-NS\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eC\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3eH\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e)\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e] and [Mn(CO)\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e(PPh\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e)(\u3cem\u3eκ\u3c/em\u3e\u3csup\u3e2\u3c/sup\u3e-NS\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eC\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3eH\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e)]

Treatment of Mn2(CO)10 with 2-thiazoline-2-thiol in the presence of Me3NO at room temperature afforded the dimanganese complexes [Mn2(CO)7(μ-NS2C3H4)2] (1) and [Mn2(CO)6(μ-NS2C3H4)2] (2) in 51 and 34% yields, respectively. Compound 1 was quantitatively converted into 2 when reacted with one equiv of Me3NO. Reaction of 1 with triphenylphosphine at room temperature furnished the mononuclear complex [Mn(CO)3(PPh3)(κ 2-NS2C3H4)] (3) in 66% yield. All three new complexes have been characterized by elemental analyzes and spectroscopic data together with single crystal X-ray diffraction studies for 1 and 3. Compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 12.4147(2), b = 16.2416(3), c = 19.0841(4) Å, β = 90°, Z = 8 and V = 3848.01(12) Å3 and 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 21/n with a = 10.41730(10), b = 14.7710(2), c = 14.9209(2) Å, β = 91.1760(10)°, Z = 4 and V = 2295.45(5) Å3

Evaluation of Essential Metals and Arsenic in Poultry Feeds and Litters of Different Poultry Farms

The current study was aim to evaluate the speciation of arsenic (total arsenic “TAs”, arsenite “AsIII” and arsenate “AsV”) and total contents of essential metals in the feeds and litters of branded poultry feed using farms (BPF) and non-branded poultry feed utilizing farms (NBPF) at Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan. The TAs and essential metals determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (GF and FAAS), respectively. Whereas, the AsIII and AsV separated by solvent extraction followed by GF-AAS. The high levels of sodium, potassium, and zinc were observed in branded poultry feeds whilst calcium and iron contents were higher in non-branded poultry feed. The contents of total arsenic in poultry feed samples of both branded and non-branded poultry feed utilizing farms were within the NRC permissible limits (30.0 mg/kg) except NBPF-1 and NBPF-4. Total As in all poultry litter samples were found under the permitted monthly average dose of As (41.0 mg/kg) for agronomical application expert poultry litter samples of BPF-1, NPBF-2, and NPBF-3. The daily accumulation of total As from feed to boilers were also studied

Dirhenium Carbonyl Complexes Bearing 2-Vinylpyridine, Morpholine and 1-Methylimidazole Ligands

Treatment of the labile compound [Re2(CO)8(MeCN)2] with 2-vinylpyridine in refluxing benzene affords exclusively the new compound [Re2(CO)8(μ-η1:η2-NC5H4CHCH2)] (1) in 39% yield in which the μ-η1:η2-vinylpyridine ligand is coordinated to one Re atom through the nitrogen and to the other Re atom via the olefinic double bond. Reaction of [Re2(CO)8(MeCN)2] with morpholine in refluxing benzene furnishes two compounds, [Re2(CO)9(η1-NC4H9O)] (2) and [Re2(CO)8(η1-NC4H9O)2] (3) in 5% and 29% yields, respectively. Reaction of [Re2(CO)8(MeCN)2] with 1-methylimidazole gives [Re2(CO)8{η1-NC3H3N(CH3)}2] (4) and the mononuclear compound fac-[ReCl(CO)3{η1-NC3H3N(CH3)}2] (5) in 18% and 26% yields, respectively. In the disubstituted compounds 2 and 4, the heterocyclic ligands occupy equatorial coordination sites. The mononuclear compound 5 consists of three CO groups, two N coordinated η1-1-methylimidazole ligands and a terminal Cl ligand. The XRD structures of complexes 1, 3 and 5 are reported

Efficacy of resomal versus low osmolar ORS in severe acute malnutrition children with diarrhea age 6 months to 59 months

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Resomal versus low Osmolar ORS in severe acute malnutrition in children with diarrhea age 6 months To 59 months.Methodology: This Randomized Control Trial was carried out at Nutrition stabilization Centre pediatrics Department, Liaquat university hospital, Hyderabad, with duration of one year from 1st April-2016- to 31st March-2017. All the children having severe acute Malnutrition were included. After admission, severity of diarrhea was assessed on clinical basis. After informed consent, patients of Severe Acute Malnutrition were divided into two groups i.e Group-A and Group-B on randomized selection. Group A was given Resomal and Group–B was given low Osmolar ORS. Electrolytes were sent on admission then again after 12 hours of giving rehydration solution, response of diarrhea was assessed on the basis of Laboratory investigations and clinical assessment.Results:  Mean age of the children was 20.83 months and standard deviation was 3.52 months. Female children were in the majority 172 as compared to males 152 out of 324 cases. No significant difference was found in Z-score of both groups, P-value 0.07. Acute diarrhea was the most common in both groups, Diarrhea frequency-1 was found significantly more in both groups, having p-value 0.001, while frequency 2 and 3 were found without significant difference in both groups.  Statistically there was a significant difference in pre rehydration electrolytes in both groups, having p-value 0.001.  After rehydration no significant difference was found in electrolytes in both groups.Conclusion: It was concluded that resomal and low osmolar ORS were similarly efficacious in the rehydration of severely malnourished children with diarrhea and dehydration after rehydration

Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Teaching Practices

The present study was about factors affecting to effectiveness of teaching practices. The objective of the study was identifying factors which affect negatively on effectiveness of teaching practices. The quantitative method was employed. The population of the study comprised on B.Ed (Hon) four year student teachers of Sindh, Pakistan. The stratified random sampling was adopted. The size of sample was based on 250 student teachers of 4th and 8th semester. The questionnaire was used to obtain the data. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. Bar graphs and t-test method was adopted to present the findings. The major factors identified were practice school distance, lack of financial support, stress, managing students, insufficient guidance and lack of cooperation from school teachers The finding also revealed that there is no significant difference of opinion between male and female student teachers regarding factors which affecting to effectiveness of teaching practices

Reactivity of [Re\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e(CO)\u3csub\u3e8\u3c/sub\u3e(MeCN)\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e] with Thiazoles: Hydrido Bridged Dirhenium Compounds Bearing Thiazoles in Different Coordination Modes

Reactions of the labile compound [Re2(CO)8(MeCN)2] with thiazole and 4-methylthiazole in refluxing benzene afforded the new compounds [Re2(CO)7{μ-2,3-η2-C3H(R)NS}{η1-NC3H2(4-R)S}(μ-H)] (1, R = H; 2, R = CH3), [Re2(CO)6{μ-2,3-η2-C3H(R)NS}{η1-NC3H2(4-R)S}2(μ-H)] (3, R = H; 4, R = CH3) and fac-[Re(CO)3(Cl){η1-NC3H2(4-R)S}2] (5, R = H; 6, R = CH3). Compounds 1 and 2 contain two rhenium atoms, one bridging thiazolide ligand, coordinated through the C(2) and N atoms and a η1-thiazole ligand coordinated through the nitrogen atom to the same Re as the thiazolide nitrogen. Compounds 3 and 4 contain a Re2(CO)6 group with one bridging thiazolide ligand coordinated through the C(2) and N atoms and two N-coordinated η1-thiazole ligands, each coordinated to one Re atom. A hydride ligand, formed by oxidative-addition of C(2)–H bond of the ligand, bridges Re–Re bond opposite the thiazolide ligand in compounds 1–4. Compound 5 contains a single rhenium atom with three carbonyl ligands, two N-coordinated η1-thiazole ligands and a terminal Cl ligand. Treatment of both 1 and 2 with 5 equiv. of thiazole and 4-methylthiazole in the presence of Me3NO in refluxing benzene afforded 3 and 4, respectively. Further activation of the coordinated η1-thiazole ligands in 1–4 is, however, unsuccessful and results only nonspecific decomposition. The single-crystal XRD structures of 1–5 are reported