Efek Fortifikasi Asam Folat pada Beras Premiks Lokal terhadap Konsentrasi dan Hasil Belajar pada Santri

Deficiency of iron intake and folic acid intake can cause a shortage of concentration and studentachievement. The purpose of this study explains the effect of giving fortified rice with folic acid on concentrationand Student learning outcome. This study is an experimental using the Double-Blind Randomized ControlTrial Design. The population is students in the Annihaya boarding school is 603 people. The sample is 80male students of aged 12-15 years. The sample was divided into four groups, namely groups given fortificationrice (anemia and non-anemia) and groups given non-fortification rice (anemia and non-anemia). The resultsshowed that the greatest decrease in concentration scores in the intervention group was -2,75, while in thecontrol group, it decreased by -1,65 and there was no significant difference either in the group or the differencegroup with p value> 0,05. The increase in student learning outcomes in the intervention group was 0,11while the control group had decreased by -0,44. The results show that there were significant differences in theintervention group before and after the intervention. But statistical tests showed there were no differences instudent learning outcomes scores between the intervention group and the control group (p>0,05). The conclusionis that the concentration of students decreased in all groups after the intervention and the greatest decreaseoccurred in the group given non-anemic fortified rice. Student learning outcomes increased in all groupsafter the intervention and the largest increase occurred in the anemic group who were given fortified rice

Effect of Chocolate Soybean Drink on Nutritional Status, Gamma Interferon, Vitamin D, and Calcium in Newly Lung Tuberculosis Patients

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease associated with malnutrition and high risk to morbidity and mortality, especially when it was not supplied with a balanced diet. This study aimed to assess the effect of chocolate soybean drink (CSD) on nutritional status, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), Vitamin D, and calcium level in newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients. AIM: This study aimed to assess the effect of chocolate soybean milk to nutritional status, interferon-gamma level, Vitamin D level, and sputum conversion in lung TB patients. METHODS: Quasi-experimental design pre- and post-test control was performed on 34 patients who were divided into two groups, each consisting of 17 people. The intervention group received 100 grams CSD per day and nutritional education, while the control group was only given nutritional education for 30 days. A 24-h food recall was performed to record any nutritional intake in the past 24 h. The nutritional status was determined by anthropometric measurements. Laboratory examination was performed to analyze the IFN-γ _level, Vitamin D, and calcium level. RESULTS: Study showed a significant increasing in body weight (p = 0.000), BMI (p = 0.000), IFN-γ _levels (p = 0.001), and not significant on MUAC (p = 0.716). Vitamin D was increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control group. Calcium intake was higher in the intervention compared to the control group (456.6 vs. 151.3) and significantly different (p = 0.000), while sputum BTA conversion was found higher in the intervention group than in the control group and not significantly different between groups (47.1% vs. 17.6%). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that CSD could increase nutritional status (BMI), IFN-γ, Vitamin D, and calcium level in patients with pulmonary TB

Is There A Way to Prevent Aging? A Study Using Metformin in Blood Sugar Levels and Serum Levels of IGF-1

Aging is influenced by lifestyle, which one is by consuming excessive calories. In recent years there have been many studies on aging and age-related diseases, calorie restriction mimetic is one of them. Metformin is a calorie restriction mimetic that is attractive to gerontologists. This research analyzed the effect of metformin as a calorie restriction mimetic on fasting blood glucose and IGF-1 serum levels in old white male Wistar rats. This study conducted with an experimental study with a pre and post-test pattern with controlled group design on male rats (Rattus novergicus) Wistar strain which was divided into 3 groups, control group (K), the calorie restriction group (P1), and the metformin group (P2), 6 rats each group. Blood glucose levels were measured by a glucometer and serum IGF-1 levels were measured with an ELISA kit, where blood samples were taken from the tail of the rats. In general, the provision of metformin and calorie restriction tended to reduce blood glucose levels, but increased serum IGF-1 levels. There is a significant relationship between blood glucose levels and serum IGF-1 levels. It’s necessary to conduct further research to determine the effective dose and maximum dose of metformin to reduce blood glucose level and serum IG-1 levels which can be slow down the aging process

Efek Fortifikasi Asam Folat pada Beras Premiks Lokal terhadap Konsentrasi dan Hasil Belajar pada Santri

Deficiency of iron intake and folic acid intake can cause a shortage of concentration and studentachievement. The purpose of this study explains the effect of giving fortified rice with folic acid on concentrationand Student learning outcome. This study is an experimental using the Double-Blind Randomized ControlTrial Design. The population is students in the Annihaya boarding school is 603 people. The sample is 80male students of aged 12-15 years. The sample was divided into four groups, namely groups given fortificationrice (anemia and non-anemia) and groups given non-fortification rice (anemia and non-anemia). The resultsshowed that the greatest decrease in concentration scores in the intervention group was -2,75, while in thecontrol group, it decreased by -1,65 and there was no significant difference either in the group or the differencegroup with p value> 0,05. The increase in student learning outcomes in the intervention group was 0,11while the control group had decreased by -0,44. The results show that there were significant differences in theintervention group before and after the intervention. But statistical tests showed there were no differences instudent learning outcomes scores between the intervention group and the control group (p>0,05). The conclusionis that the concentration of students decreased in all groups after the intervention and the greatest decreaseoccurred in the group given non-anemic fortified rice. Student learning outcomes increased in all groupsafter the intervention and the largest increase occurred in the anemic group who were given fortified rice

Gene–diet interactions on metabolic disease-related outcomes in Southeast Asian populations: a systematic review

Diabetes and obesity are chronic diseases that are a burden to low- and middle-income countries. We conducted this systematic review to understand gene–diet interactions affecting the Southeast Asian population’s risk of obesity and diabetes. The literature search was performed on Google Scholar and MEDLINE (PubMed) search engines independently by four reviewers who evaluated the eligibility of articles based on inclusion criteria. Out of 19,031 articles, 20 articles examining gene–diet interactions on obesity and/or diabetes-related traits met the inclusion criteria. Three (Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore) out of eleven Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries have conducted studies on gene–diet interactions on obesity and diabetes. From the 20 selected articles, the most common interactions were observed between macronutrients and genetic risk score (GRS) on metabolic disease-related traits in the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities. Overall, we identified 29 significant gene–diet interactions in the Southeast Asian population. The results of this systematic review demonstrate ethnic-specific gene–nutrient interactions on metabolic-disease-related traits in the Southeast Asian population. This is the first systematic review to explore gene–diet interactions on obesity and diabetes in the Southeast Asian population and further research using larger sample sizes is required for better understanding and framing nutrigenetic approaches for personalized nutrition

Human activities and changes in the gut microbiome: A perspective

The microbiome plays a role in maintaining the balance of the environment. However, the microbiome in the ecosystem has been affected by climate and environmental changes. The human activity that interferes with the balance of nature affects the composition of the microbiome in both the environment and the human body. Climate change drastically influences different environmental cycles. The microbiome responds and adapts to changes in ecological conditions, which results in a change in the balance of the microbiome in nature. It will adversely affect the microbiome imbalance in the human body, which affects the health of human. Therefore, this article will consider a related cycle of effects and the effects of human activity on the environment and the microbiome. The article's perspective should provide a clearer view of the effects of human activity on the changes in the gut microbiome. By humans - because humans - for humans, that is a fitting description of the disease cycle affected by the changes in the gut microbiome. Human activity results in changes in the composition of the soil microbiome and thus the quality and nutrients of food change as well. Changes in the quality of nutrients in the food consumed will cause an imbalance in the intestinal microbiome

Using synbiotics supplementation to treat hepatic steatosis: A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that occurs in a quarter of the global adult population. Thus far, NAFLD treatments are limited to lifestyle change and medicines with considerable adverse effects, with other novel treatment of choice, such as gut microbiota supplementation are currently being researched. This meta-analysis compares the effectiveness of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and placebo treatments for NAFLD-hepatic steatosis and has been written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Assessment of the bias risk of the included studies used Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2. The literature search was conducted by five independent researchers from November 15, 2022, to December 20, 2022. Twenty studies, limited to English language publications, have been included in the qualitative synthesis, with nineteen of those also included in the quantitative synthesis using RevMan 5.4. The outcomes of interest are Liver Stiffness Measurement (LSM), serum Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG). Out of the five outcomes of interest, AST, ALT, and IHTG demonstrate statistically significant results, supporting the use of synbiotic supplements rather than the placebo treatment, but LSM and HOMA-IR producing statistically insignificant results. Synbiotic supplements may serve as an alternative treatment for hepatic steatosis patients with NAFLD due to its significant benefit in reducing AST, ALT, and IHTG. Further research combined with other treatment plan might be of interest in this treatment method.This systematic review has been registered to the PROSPERO database (CRD42023392048)

Dietary supplementation of Muntingia calabura leaves ameliorates reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels: clinical study on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats

Summary: Background and aims: Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves are commonly found in Indonesia and are studied for their antidiabetic effect due to their high flavonoid and antioxidative capacity. Our study aimed to determine the effects of the dietary supplementation of kersen leaves extract on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hyperglycemic Wistar rats. Method: We used 44 male adult Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into four groups. Alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight) was used to induce hyperglycemia. Kersen leaves (500 mg/kg body weight) were given to two groups; one group was administered before and after the hyperglycemic condition, and only after the hyperglycemic condition was achieved in the other group. Results: Comparing ROS between groups after administration of kersen leaves extract on the last day after alloxan administration showed significant changes in ROS, P = 0.047 (P < 0.05). Regarding oxidative stress, the reactive oxygen species was positive correlated with malondialdehyde but was significant in only one group (r = 0.733, P = 0.024). Conclusion: Giving kersen leaves extract to Wistar rats with alloxan-induced hyperglycemia can downregulate ROS and MDA levels