72 research outputs found
Regeneration of Intrabony Defects with Nano Hydroxyapatite Graft, Derived from Eggshell along with Periosteum as Barrier Membrane under MagnificationâAn Interventional Study
Intrabony defects can be treated by various approaches. Use of GTR along with bone grafts is said to enhance the outcome. The periosteum has been claimed to increase the regeneration. The egg-shell-derived nano hydroxyapatite (EnHA) has shown a scope as alloplastic graft. Thus, the following study was undertaken to combine the periosteal pedicle along with EnHA for the treatment of intrabony defects under magnification to achieve optimal bone regeneration. A total of 21 patients, having intrabony defects with â„6 mm probing depth (PD) and two or three wall defects as detected on CBCT, satisfying inclusion criteria were enrolled. The sites were randomly allocated as Group A, B and C (n = 7). The following parameters, defect density and defect fill in CBCT (at baseline and 6 months), PPD, RAL, Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI) and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) were recorded at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months. p < 0.05 is considered as statistically significant. Bone density and bone fill values were found to be much higher in pedicle with EnHA and EnHA alone group and the values showed statistically significant results. The current clinical research showed that periosteal pedicle along with EnHA and EnHA as stand-alone therapy gave superior results compared to OFD alone, which is an innovative and feasible treatment option
Turning the Page on Breast Cancer in Ohio: Lessons learned from implementing a multilevel intervention to reduce breast cancer mortality among Black women
Assessing emergency medical care in low income countries: A pilot study from Pakistan
Background: Emergency Medical Care is an important component of health care system. Unfortunately it is however, ignored in many low income countries. We assessed the availability and quality of facility-based emergency medical care in the government health care system at district level in a low income country - Pakistan. Methods: We did a quantitative pilot study of a convenience sample of 22 rural and 20 urban health facilities in 2 districts - Faisalabad and Peshawar - in Pakistan. The study consisted of three separate cross-sectional assessments of selected community leaders, health care providers, and health care facilities. Three data collection instruments were created with input from existing models for facility assessment such as those used by the Joint Commission of Accreditation of Hospitals and the National Center for Health Statistics in USA and the Medical Research Council in Pakistan. Results: The majority of respondents 43/44(98%), in community survey were not satisfied with the emergency care provided. Most participants 36/44(82%) mentioned that they will not call an ambulance in health related emergency because it does not function properly in the government system. The expenses on emergency care for the last experience were reported to be less than 5,000 Pakistani Rupees (equivalent to US$ 83) for 19/29(66%) respondents. Most health care providers 43/44(98%) were of the opinion that their facilities were inadequately equipped to treat emergencies. The majority of facilities 31/42(74%) had no budget allocated for emergency care. A review of medications and equipment available showed that many critical supplies needed in an emergency were not found in these facilities. Conclusion: Assessment of emergency care should be part of health systems analysis in Pakistan. Multiple deficiencies in emergency care at the district level in Pakistan were noted in our study. Priority should be given to make emergency care responsive to needs in Pakistan. Specific efforts should be directed to equip emergency care at district facilities and to organize an ambulance network
Regional and scale-specific effects of land use on amphibian diversity [poster]
Background/Question/Methods
Habitat loss and degradation influence amphibian distributions and are important drivers of population declines. Our previous research demonstrated that road disturbance, development and wetland area consistently influence amphibian richness across regions of the U.S. Here, we examined the relative importance of these factors in different regions and at multiple spatial scales. Understanding the scales at which habitat disturbance may be affecting amphibian distributions is important for conservation planning. Specifically, we asked: 1) Over what spatial scales do distinct landscape features affect amphibian richness? and 2) Do road types (non-rural and rural) have similar effects on amphibian richness? This is the second year of a collaborative, nationwide project involving 11 U.S. colleges integrated within undergraduate biology curricula. We summarized North American Amphibian Monitoring Program data in 13 Eastern and Central U.S states and used geographic information systems to extract landscape data for 471 survey locations. We developed models to quantify the influence of landscape variables on amphibian species richness and site occupancy across five concentric buffers ranging from 300m to 10,000m.
Results/Conclusions
Across spatial scales, development, road density and agriculture were the best predictors of amphibian richness and site occupancy by individual species. Across regions, we found that scale did not exert a large influence on how landscape features influenced amphibian richness as effects were largely comparable across buffers. However, development and percent impervious surface had stronger influence on richness at smaller spatial scales. Richness was lower at survey locations with higher densities of non-rural and rural roads, and non-rural road density had a larger negative effect at smaller scales. Within regions, landscape features driving patterns of species richness varied. The scales at which these factors were associated with richness were highly variable within regions, suggesting the scale effects may be region specific. Our project demonstrates that networks of undergraduate students can collaborate to compile and analyze large ecological data sets, while engaging students in authentic and inquiry-based learning in landscape-scale ecology
Developing Consensus-Based Priority Outcome Domains for Trials in Kidney Transplantation:A Multinational Delphi Survey With Patients, Caregivers, and Health Professionals
Background: Inconsistencies in outcome reporting and frequent omission of patient-centered
outcomes can diminish the value of trials in treatment decision-making. We identified critically
important outcome domains in kidney transplantation based on the shared priorities of
patients/caregivers and health professionals.
Methods: In a 3-round Delphi survey, patients/caregivers and health professionals rated the
importance of outcome domains for trials in kidney transplantation on a 9-point Likert scale and
provided comments. During Round 2 and 3, participants re-rated the outcomes after reviewing their
own score, the distribution of the respondentsâ scores, and comments. We calculated the median,
mean, and proportion rating 7-9 (critically important), and analyzed comments thematically.
Results: 1018 participants (461 [45%] patients/caregivers and 557 [55%] health professionals) from
79 countries completed Round 1, and 779 (77%) completed Round 3. The top eight outcomes that
met the consensus criteria in Round 3 (mean â„7.5, median â„8 and proportion >85%) in both groups
were graft loss, graft function, chronic rejection, acute rejection, mortality, infection, cancer
(excluding skin) and cardiovascular disease. Compared with health professionals, patients/caregivers
gave higher priority to six outcomes (mean difference of 0.5 or more): skin cancer, surgical
complications, cognition, blood pressure, depression, and ability to work. We identified five themes:
capacity to control and inevitability, personal relevance, debilitating repercussions, gaining
awareness of risks, and addressing knowledge gaps.
Conclusions: Graft complications and severe comorbidities were critically important for both
stakeholder groups. These stakeholder-prioritized outcomes will inform the core outcome set to
improve the consistency and relevance of trials in kidney transplantation
Modelling water absorption of wheat flour by taking into consideration of the soluble protein and arabinoxylan components
PANC Study (Pancreatitis: A National Cohort Study): national cohort study examining the first 30 days from presentation of acute pancreatitis in the UK
Abstract
Background
Acute pancreatitis is a common, yet complex, emergency surgical presentation. Multiple guidelines exist and management can vary significantly. The aim of this first UK, multicentre, prospective cohort study was to assess the variation in management of acute pancreatitis to guide resource planning and optimize treatment.
Methods
All patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years presenting with acute pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria, from March to April 2021 were eligible for inclusion and followed up for 30 days. Anonymized data were uploaded to a secure electronic database in line with local governance approvals.
Results
A total of 113 hospitals contributed data on 2580 patients, with an equal sex distribution and a mean age of 57 years. The aetiology was gallstones in 50.6 per cent, with idiopathic the next most common (22.4 per cent). In addition to the 7.6 per cent with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, 20.1 per cent of patients had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis. One in 20 patients were classed as having severe pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria. The overall mortality rate was 2.3 per cent at 30 days, but rose to one in three in the severe group. Predictors of death included male sex, increased age, and frailty; previous acute pancreatitis and gallstones as aetiologies were protective. Smoking status and body mass index did not affect death.
Conclusion
Most patients presenting with acute pancreatitis have a mild, self-limiting disease. Rates of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis are high. Recurrent attacks of pancreatitis are common, but are likely to have reduced risk of death on subsequent admissions.
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Challenges in perspective of life skills acquisition; implication for placement of life skills in university curriculum
Background and Study Aim: The main purpose behind the study was to establish the challenges in relation to the acquisition of life skills among university student-athletes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study assessed the extent to which the concern existing resources, facilitators, and trainer attitude influences life skills acquisition among student-athletes.
Material and Methods: Descriptive survey research design was followed to obtain desirable results. The target population of this study consisted of all those who participated in different sport at the university level of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Amongst them, we selected a representative sample (n=389 fifty 50% of the total population) with the help of a simple random sampling technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version, 24 was used to code and analyse the data. The hypotheses were tested by applying statistical tests like Step-wise regression and independents sample t-test. The significance level of 0.05 was fixed to accept or reject the set hypotheses.
Results: Findings of the study indicated that existing resources, facilitators, and trainer/coach attitude significantly influences life skills acquisition among student-athletes (.001, .001 & .000 .05).
Conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that all participants have agreed upon the importance of life skills. Therefore, the life skills course might be considered as an integral part of every educational curriculum of Pakistan. It is suggested that a minimum of 2 hours per week may be included in the educational curriculum of each discipline
Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.); Economic Analysis
The study was design to evaluate the effect of water regimes on overall performance of wheat and optimum need of water. Wheat was tested under 2, 3 and 4 numbers of irrigations named as I1, I2 and I3 respectively. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement. Sowing was started in November 2018 by automatic drill in Rabi. Observations on growth and yield parameters of wheat were recorded by following standard procedures. The data collected were analyzed statistically by applying least significant difference test (LSD) at 5% probability level for comparison among treatment's means. The I3 had significantly (P<0.05) high leaf area index, plant height, spike length (cm), no. of spikelets/spike, biological yield of wheat, grain yield (t ha-1), straw yield of (t ha-1), harvest index (%) significantly While the days to booting, tillers (m-2), no. of grains/spike, grain weight/spike, weight of 1000 grains had not significant differences. It was concluded that the I3 with 4 irrigations had a potentially high yield, performance and economically beneficial
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